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Original Article
- Development and Evaluation of an Education Program for Professional Palliative Care Nursing
- Young-Ran Yeun1, Min Kwon2, Kyoung-Soon Lee3
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2015;45(1):139-146.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.1.139
Published online: February 15, 2015
1Department of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Samcheok
2Division of Nursing, The University of Suwon, Suwon
3Department of Nursing, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
1Department of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Samcheok
2Division of Nursing, The University of Suwon, Suwon
3Department of Nursing, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea
• Received: July 8, 2014 • Revised: July 29, 2014 • Accepted: November 25, 2014
Copyright © 2015 Korean Society of Nursing Science
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.
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Abstract
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Purpose
- This study aimed to develop a “Palliative Care Professional” education program and evaluate its effects on the recognition of good death, palliative care, and the meaning of life for nurses.
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Methods
- It was developed based on the hospice care program for volunteers being used in the Hospice Palliative Care Research Center of S University in Seoul. It was also based on the studies which investigated the educational needs of nurses in palliative care. This program consisted of 5 sessions and 16 content items for 2 weeks. A nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design was utilized and participants were assigned to the experimental group (n= 42) or the control group (n= 44).
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Results
- The recognition of a good death (F= 11.44, p= .001), palliative care (F= 4.15, p= .045), and the meaning of life (F= 5.12, p= .026) increased more significantly for participants in the experimental group than in the control group. Participants felt that they gained further knowledge in palliative patient management and refined their clinical practice.
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Conclusion
- The results of the study indicate that this program could serve as a practical program for palliative care nursing in the nursing field and suggests that more attention should be directed to the diverse educational needs of nurses.
Table 1.Contents Covered in PCPE Program
S.=Session; Meth.=Methods; Lec.=Lecturer; L & D=Lecture and discussion; L & P=Lecture and practice; Con.=Conference; TP=Theological professor; Chap.=Chaplain; Nut.=Nutritionist; NP=Nursing professor; PHN=Professional hospice nurse; SWW=Nursing manager of a hospice center; FMT=Foot massage therapist.
Table 2.Baseline Characteristics of Participants (N=86)
Table 3.Comparison of Good Death, Palliative Care, and Meaning of Life between Groups (N=86)
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Development and Evaluation of an Education Program for Professional Palliative Care Nursing
Development and Evaluation of an Education Program for Professional Palliative Care Nursing
Contents Covered in PCPE Program
| S. Objectives | Contents items | Detailed contents | Time (min) | Meth. | Lec. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 To acquire knowledge on the principles, history, and standards of palliative care | Understanding of life and death | Life toward death Preparation for death | 80 | L&D | TP |
| To recognize the importance of palliative care | Understanding of hospice and palliative care | Origin of hospice work Purpose of hospice work | 80 | L&D | Chap. |
| Spiritual care | Principles and professional criteria of spiritual needs | 40 | L&D | NP | |
| Spiritual nursing intervention | |||||
| Ethics of palliative care | Ethics related to terminal patients Hospital ethic committee | 40 | L&D | NP | |
| 2 To recognize the necessity of holistic care To acquire the skill of communicating with compassion | Nutrition management | Needs of nutrition management Nutrition management guidance | 80 | L&D | Nut. |
| Mental and emotional caring | Psychological needs of hospice patients Good death | 80 | L&D | NP | |
| Psychological care for hospice patients | |||||
| Therapeutic communication | Communication with hospice patients Communication with hospice patients’ family | 80 | L&D | NP | |
| 3 To recognize the importance of using a multidisciplinary approach To acquire the skills for pain and symptom management | Pain and symptom management | Pain evaluation and management Side effect of narcotic painkiller | 80 | L&D | PHN |
| Social and financial caring | Symptom management National social welfare policies | 80 | L&D | SWW | |
| Preparation for good death | Private social welfare resources Dignified death Death preparation education | 80 | L&D | NP | |
| 4 To learn how to manage stress as palliativ care provider To improve one’s qualities as a team member | ve Cancer and nursing | National undertaking cancer management Nursing needs of cancer patients | 80 | L&D | NP |
| Proper attitudes and role as a | Nursing care for canter patient Palliative care overview | 40 | L&D | NMHC | |
| palliative care provider | Attitude of palliative nursing professional Roles of palliative nursing professional | ||||
| Stress management | Stress risk factor Stress management strategies | 40 | L&D | NMHC | |
| Theory and practice about foo massage | Effects & method of foot massage Foot massage practicum | 100 | L&P | FMT | |
| 5 To recognize the effect of palliative care provision in actual practice | Visiting to hospice center Case study | Fieldtrip of a hospital hospice center Case study, presentation & discussion Evaluation of the program | 240 120 | FT Con. | NMHC NP |
S.=Session; Meth.=Methods; Lec.=Lecturer; L & D=Lecture and discussion; L & P=Lecture and practice; Con.=Conference; TP=Theological professor; Chap.=Chaplain; Nut.=Nutritionist; NP=Nursing professor; PHN=Professional hospice nurse; SWW=Nursing manager of a hospice center; FMT=Foot massage therapist.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants (N=86)
| Characteristics | Categories | Exp. (n=42) | Cont. (n=44) | Total (N=86) | χ2 or t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) or M±SD | n (%) or M±SD | n (%) or M±SD | ||||
| Gender | Female | 40 (95.2) | 41 (93.2) | 81 (94.2) | 0.16* | .683 |
| Male | 2 (4.8) | 3 (6.8) | 5 (5.8) | |||
| Age (yr) | 20~29 | 18 (42.9) | 17 (38.7) | 35 (40.7) | 1.57 | .665 |
| 30~39 | 8 (19.0) | 13 (29.5) | 21 (24.4) | |||
| 40~49 | 10 (23.8) | 10 (22.7) | 20 (23.3) | |||
| ≥50 | 6 (14.3) | 4 (9.1) | 10 (11.6) | |||
| Marriage status | Single | 28 (66.8) | 23 (52.3) | 51 (59.3) | 1.84 | .174 |
| Married | 14 (33.2) | 21 (47.7) | 35 (40.7) | |||
| Religion | Yes | 33 (78.6) | 33 (75.0) | 66 (76.7) | 0.15 | .695 |
| No | 9 (21.4) | 11 (25.0) | 20 (23.3) | |||
| Education level | College | 15 (35.7) | 17 (38.6) | 32 (37.2) | 0.16 | .923 |
| Bachelor | 17 (40.5) | 18 (40.9) | 35 (40.7) | |||
| Above master | 10 (23.8) | 9 (20.5) | 19 (22.1) | |||
| Economy level | High | 8 (19.0) | 6 (13.6) | 14 (16.3) | 0.49 | .780 |
| Middle | 29 (69.1) | 33 (75.0) | 62 (72.1) | |||
| Low | 5 (11.9) | 5 (11.4) | 10 (11.6) | |||
| Health status | High | 10 (23.8) | 10 (22.7) | 20 (23.3) | 0.01* | .992 |
| Middle | 31 (73.8) | 33 (75.0) | 64 (74.4) | |||
| Low | 1 (2.4) | 1 (2.3) | 2 (2.3) | |||
| Living with parents | Yes | 20 (47.6) | 21 (47.7) | 41 (47.7) | 0.01 | .992 |
| No | 22 (52.4) | 23 (52.3) | 45 (52.3) | |||
| Experience of bereavement | Yes | 19 (45.2) | 8 (18.2) | 27 (31.4) | 7.30 | .007 |
| No | 23 (54.8) | 36 (81.8) | 59 (68.6) | |||
| Good death | 80.14±8.98 | 76.70±8.67 | 78.38±8.94 | 1.80 | .074 | |
| Palliative care | 68.98±8.66 | 69.45±7.16 | 69.22±7.89 | −0.28 | .781 | |
| Meaning of life | 31.00±4.42 | 29.66±3.64 | 30.31±4.07 | 1.53 | .128 |
*Fisher’s exact probability test; Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.
Comparison of Good Death, Palliative Care, and Meaning of Life between Groups (N=86)
| Variables | Groups | Pretest | Posttest | Adjusted posttest | F* | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M±SD | M±SD | LSM±SE | ||||
| Good death | Exp. | 80.14±8.98 | 84.57±13.81 | 84.05±1.91 | 11.44 | .001 |
| Cont. | 76.70±8.67 | 74.32±10.32 | 74.81±1.86 | |||
| Palliative care | Exp. | 68.98±8.66 | 72.14±9.93 | 72.07±1.34 | 4.15 | .045 |
| Cont. | 69.45±7.16 | 68.00±6.78 | 68.11±1.31 | |||
| Meaning of life | Exp. | 31.00±4.42 | 32.31±3.50 | 32.07±0.56 | 5.12 | .026 |
| Cont. | 29.66±3.64 | 29.91±3.85 | 30.18±0.55 |
*F score were from analysis of covariates with experience of bereavement as covariates; Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; LSM=Least squares mean.
Table 1. Contents Covered in PCPE Program
S.=Session; Meth.=Methods; Lec.=Lecturer; L & D=Lecture and discussion; L & P=Lecture and practice; Con.=Conference; TP=Theological professor; Chap.=Chaplain; Nut.=Nutritionist; NP=Nursing professor; PHN=Professional hospice nurse; SWW=Nursing manager of a hospice center; FMT=Foot massage therapist.
Table 2. Baseline Characteristics of Participants (N=86)
*Fisher’s exact probability test; Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.
Table 3. Comparison of Good Death, Palliative Care, and Meaning of Life between Groups (N=86)
*F score were from analysis of covariates with experience of bereavement as covariates; Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; LSM=Least squares mean.
