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Original Article
- Influence of Self Efficacy, Social Support and Sense of Community on Health-related Quality of Life for Middle-aged and Elderly Residents Living in a Rural Community
- Hyeonkyeong Lee, Sung Hye Cho, Jung Hee Kim, Yune Kyong Kim, Hyang Im Choo
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2014;44(6):608-616.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.6.608
Published online: December 31, 2014
1College of Nursing · Nursing Policy Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
2College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
3Department of Nursing, Masan University, Changwon, Korea.
4JeongBae Community Health Post, Yangpyeong, Korea.
- Address reprint requests to: Cho, Sung Hye. College of Nursing, Nursing Policy Research Institute, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea. Tel: +82-10-5022-2235, Fax: +82-392-5440, amgrace3927@naver.com
• Received: May 13, 2014 • Revised: May 23, 2014 • Accepted: September 19, 2014
© 2014 Korean Society of Nursing Science
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.
Abstract
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Purpose
- The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-efficacy, social support, sense of community and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), including the direct and indirect effects of the variables on HRQoL.
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Methods
- A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 249 middle-aged and elderly residents living in a rural community in A-County, K Province. The structured questionnaire included 4 scales from the Euro Quality of life-5 Dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression), and measures of General Self-Efficacy, Social Support, and Sense of Community. Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 20.0 and AMOS 21.0 program.
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Results
- The mean HRQoL score for the participants was 0.87±0.13. Self-efficacy (β=.13, p=.039) and age (β= -.38, p<.001) were significantly associated with HRQoL, explaining 21% of the variance. In the path analysis, self-efficacy showed a significant direct effect on HRQoL (β=.14, p=.040) and significantly mediating relationships between both social support (β=.05, p=.030) and sense of community (β=.02, p=.025) and HRQoL.
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Conclusion
- Although self-efficacy was found to be the main predictor for HRQoL, the findings imply that social environmental factors such as social support and sense of community need to be considered when developing interventions to increase HRQoL in middle-aged and elderly residents in rural communities.
This work was supported by the 2013 Faculty-Student Research Fund, College of Nursing, Yonsei University.
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Figure 1
Path model of health related quality of life.
Figure 1
Influence of Self Efficacy, Social Support and Sense of Community on Health-related Quality of Life for Middle-aged and Elderly Residents Living in a Rural Community
EQ-5D Levels according to General Characteristics (N=249)
*Scheffé test result; †Missing data existed; ‡Reported out of 24 listed chronic illness; EQ-5D=Euro Quality of life-5 Dimensions.
Means and Range for Study Variables (N=249)
HRQoL=Health related quality of life; EQ-5D=Euro Quality of life-5 Dimensions.
Regression Analysis for Variables Predicting Health related Quality of Life (N=249)
*Dummy variable: 1=Male; †Dummy variable: 1=More than 10 years; ‡Dummy variable: 1=None.
Direct Effect, Indirect Effect and Total Effect in Modified Path Models (N=249)
*Dummy variable: 1=Male; †Dummy variable: 1=More than 10 years; ‡Dummy variable: 1=None; HRQoL=Health related quality of life; SMC=Squared multiple correlation.
Table 1
EQ-5D Levels according to General Characteristics (N=249)
*Scheffé test result; †Missing data existed; ‡Reported out of 24 listed chronic illness; EQ-5D=Euro Quality of life-5 Dimensions.
Table 2
Means and Range for Study Variables (N=249)
HRQoL=Health related quality of life; EQ-5D=Euro Quality of life-5 Dimensions.
Table 3
Regression Analysis for Variables Predicting Health related Quality of Life (N=249)
*Dummy variable: 1=Male; †Dummy variable: 1=More than 10 years; ‡Dummy variable: 1=None.
Table 4
Direct Effect, Indirect Effect and Total Effect in Modified Path Models (N=249)
*Dummy variable: 1=Male; †Dummy variable: 1=More than 10 years; ‡Dummy variable: 1=None; HRQoL=Health related quality of life; SMC=Squared multiple correlation.
