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- Effects of the Nutrition Education Program on Self-efficacy, Diet Behavior Pattern and Cardiovascular Risk Factors for the Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
- Kyoungok Ju, Heeyoung So
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2008;38(1):64-73.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.1.64
Published online: February 28, 2008
1Instructor, Department of Nursing, Chungnam National University
2Professor, Department of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
- Address reprint requests to : Ju, Kyoungok Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 640 Daesa-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-721, Korea Tel: 82-42-580-8321 Fax: 82-42-584-8915 E-mail: jko2080@hanmail.net
• Received: June 1, 2007 • Accepted: September 18, 2007
Copyright © 2008 Korean Society of Nursing Science
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Abstract
-
Purpose
- This study examined the effects of a nutrition education program on self-efficacy, diet behavior pattern and cardiovascular risk factors for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).
-
Method
- Sixty-four CVD subjects (37 experimental, 27 control) were recruited from a cardiac center, at a university hospital located in D city, Korea. All subjects attended a first heart camp where pretest measures were performed, and a second heart camp at 6 months for the posttest measures. During the 6 month study period, the experimental group was required to attend five monthly nutrition education sessions, while the control group received only routine outpatient follow-ups. Data were analyzed by X2-test and independent t-test using the SPSSWIN 11.5 program.
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Result
- Group comparisons revealed that the experimental group had significantly more improved self-efficacy, frequency of food selection, gustation of salt, systolic blood pressure, and serum total-cholesterol compared to the control group.
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Conclusion
- A nutrition education program may be effective in improving self-efficacy, diet behavior pattern and cardiovascular risk factors for patients with cardiovascular disease.
Table 1.Homogeneity Test for General and Disease-Related Characteristics between the Experimental and Control Groups (N=64)
| Characteristics |
Frequency (%) |
χ2 | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Experimental (n=37) | Control (n=27) | |||
| Gender | 3.025 | .082 | |||
| Male | 41 (64.1) | 27 (73.0) | 14 (51.9) | ||
| Female | 23 (35.9) | 10 (27.0) | 13 (48.1) | ||
| Age (yr) | 1.420 | .701 | |||
| < 60 | 5 (7.8) | 4 (10.8) | 1 (3.7) | ||
| 60-64 | 18 (28.1) | 10 (27.1) | 8 (29.6) | ||
| 65-69 | 27 (42.2) | 16 (43.2) | 11 (40.8) | ||
| ≥70 | 14 (21.9) | 7 (18.9) | 7 (25.9) | ||
| Mean (SD) | 66.36 (4.01) | 65.92 (3.69) | 66.96 (4.42) | ||
| Marital status | 2.829 | .093 | |||
| Married | 62 (96.9) | 37 (100.0) | 25 (92.6) | ||
| Widowed | 2 (3.1) | 0 (0) | 2 (7.4) | ||
| Education | 4.093 | .536 | |||
| Elementary school | 17 (26.6) | 8 (21.6) | 9 (33.3) | ||
| Middle school | 7 (10.9) | 4 (10.8) | 3 (11.2) | ||
| High school | 18 (28.1) | 10 (27.1) | 8 (29.6) | ||
| College or more | 22 (34.4) | 15 (40.5) | 7 (25.9) | ||
| Economic status | 1.730 | .188 | |||
| Middle | 48 (75.0) | 30 (81.1) | 18 (66.7) | ||
| Low | 16 (25.0) | 7 (18.9) | 9 (33.3) | ||
| Smoking | 3.768 | .583 | |||
| Current smoker | 3 (4.6) | 1 (2.7) | 2 (7.4) | ||
| Quit | |||||
| ≥5 yr | 15 (23.5) | 10 (27.0) | 5 (18.5) | ||
| <5 yr | 14 (21.9) | 10 (27.0) | 4 (14.8) | ||
| None | 32 (50.0) | 16 (43.3) | 16 (59.3) | ||
| Admission history | 0.152 | .697 | |||
| Yes | 29 (45.3) | 16 (43.2) | 13 (48.1) | ||
| No | 35 (54.7) | 21 (56.8) | 14 (51.9) | ||
| Chronic disease* | |||||
| Arthritis | 16 (25.0) | 10 (27.0) | 6 (20.0) | ||
| Diabetes | 10 (15.6) | 6 (16.2) | 4 (13.3) | ||
| Hypertension | 30 (46.9) | 18 (48.6) | 14 (46.7) | ||
| Vascular disease | 24 (37.5) | 16 (43.2) | 8 (29.6) | ||
| Respiratory disease | 10 (15.6) | 5 (13.5) | 5 (16.7) | ||
| Neuralgia | 10 (15.6) | 6 (16.2) | 4 (13.3) | ||
| Others | 5 (7.8) | 3 (8.1) | 2 (6.7) | ||
| Perceived health status | 2.176 | .537 | |||
| A lot worse | 12 (18.8) | 9 (24.3) | 3 (11.1) | ||
| Somewhat worse | 14 (21.9) | 8 (21.6) | 6 (22.2) | ||
| Similar | 28 (43.8) | 14 (37.8) | 14 (51.9) | ||
| Somewhat better | 10 (15.5) | 6 (16.3) | 4 (14.8) | ||
Table 2.Homogeneity Test for Self Efficacy, Diet Behavior Pattern and Cardiovascular Risk Factors between the Experimental and Control Groups
Table 3.Mean Group Comparisons in Self Efficacy, Diet Behavior Pattern and Cardiovascular Risk Factors at the Posttest
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Effects of the Nutrition Education Program on Self-efficacy, Diet Behavior Pattern and Cardiovascular Risk Factors for the Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
| Characteristics | Frequency (%) |
χ2 | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Experimental (n=37) | Control (n=27) | |||
| Gender | 3.025 | .082 | |||
| Male | 41 (64.1) | 27 (73.0) | 14 (51.9) | ||
| Female | 23 (35.9) | 10 (27.0) | 13 (48.1) | ||
| Age (yr) | 1.420 | .701 | |||
| < 60 | 5 (7.8) | 4 (10.8) | 1 (3.7) | ||
| 60-64 | 18 (28.1) | 10 (27.1) | 8 (29.6) | ||
| 65-69 | 27 (42.2) | 16 (43.2) | 11 (40.8) | ||
| ≥70 | 14 (21.9) | 7 (18.9) | 7 (25.9) | ||
| Mean (SD) | 66.36 (4.01) | 65.92 (3.69) | 66.96 (4.42) | ||
| Marital status | 2.829 | .093 | |||
| Married | 62 (96.9) | 37 (100.0) | 25 (92.6) | ||
| Widowed | 2 (3.1) | 0 (0) | 2 (7.4) | ||
| Education | 4.093 | .536 | |||
| Elementary school | 17 (26.6) | 8 (21.6) | 9 (33.3) | ||
| Middle school | 7 (10.9) | 4 (10.8) | 3 (11.2) | ||
| High school | 18 (28.1) | 10 (27.1) | 8 (29.6) | ||
| College or more | 22 (34.4) | 15 (40.5) | 7 (25.9) | ||
| Economic status | 1.730 | .188 | |||
| Middle | 48 (75.0) | 30 (81.1) | 18 (66.7) | ||
| Low | 16 (25.0) | 7 (18.9) | 9 (33.3) | ||
| Smoking | 3.768 | .583 | |||
| Current smoker | 3 (4.6) | 1 (2.7) | 2 (7.4) | ||
| Quit | |||||
| ≥5 yr | 15 (23.5) | 10 (27.0) | 5 (18.5) | ||
| <5 yr | 14 (21.9) | 10 (27.0) | 4 (14.8) | ||
| None | 32 (50.0) | 16 (43.3) | 16 (59.3) | ||
| Admission history | 0.152 | .697 | |||
| Yes | 29 (45.3) | 16 (43.2) | 13 (48.1) | ||
| No | 35 (54.7) | 21 (56.8) | 14 (51.9) | ||
| Chronic disease |
|||||
| Arthritis | 16 (25.0) | 10 (27.0) | 6 (20.0) | ||
| Diabetes | 10 (15.6) | 6 (16.2) | 4 (13.3) | ||
| Hypertension | 30 (46.9) | 18 (48.6) | 14 (46.7) | ||
| Vascular disease | 24 (37.5) | 16 (43.2) | 8 (29.6) | ||
| Respiratory disease | 10 (15.6) | 5 (13.5) | 5 (16.7) | ||
| Neuralgia | 10 (15.6) | 6 (16.2) | 4 (13.3) | ||
| Others | 5 (7.8) | 3 (8.1) | 2 (6.7) | ||
| Perceived health status | 2.176 | .537 | |||
| A lot worse | 12 (18.8) | 9 (24.3) | 3 (11.1) | ||
| Somewhat worse | 14 (21.9) | 8 (21.6) | 6 (22.2) | ||
| Similar | 28 (43.8) | 14 (37.8) | 14 (51.9) | ||
| Somewhat better | 10 (15.5) | 6 (16.3) | 4 (14.8) | ||
| Variables | Experimental (n=37) |
Control (n=27) |
t | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||||
| Self- efficacy | 45.62 (9.28) | 43.89 (10.02) | -0.713 | .739 | |
| Diet behavior pattern | |||||
| Diet behavior | 15.43 (2.63) | 15.19 (3.05) | -0.347 | .406 | |
| Frequency of food selection | 99.92 (5.29) | 101.93 (6.25) | 1.388 | .314 | |
| Gustation of salt (%) | 0.32 (0.14) | 0.29 (0.12) | -0.716 | .190 | |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 127.86 (17.55) | 126.26 (16.21) | -0.373 | .707 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.96 (2.66) | 26.08 (2.56) | 3.197 | .772 | |
| Body fat rate (%) | 24.78 (6.24) | 29.63 (5.76) | 3.177 | .530 | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 84.40 (7.37) | 89.36 (7.09) | 2.698 | .954 | |
| Total-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 194.59 (37.91) | 178.97 (35.24) | -1.677 | .202 | |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 113.01 (42.61) | 125.85 (43.50) | 1.181 | .901 | |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 49.76 (14.10) | 44.44 (11.35) | -1.613 | .080 | |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 119.54 (32.11) | 111.57 (29.28) | -1.018 | .327 | |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 100.05 (15.72) | 96.37 (13.63) | -0.978 | .392 | |
| Variables | Posttest scores |
Mean difference |
t | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental (n=37) |
Control (n=27) |
Experimental (n=37) |
Control (n=27) |
||||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||||
| Self- efficacy | 46.97 (9.55) | 40.22 (9.80) | 1.35 (8.37) | -3.67 (8.42) | -2.363 | .021 | |
| Diet behavior pattern | |||||||
| Diet behavior | 16.32 (2.14) | 15.56 (2.03) | 0.89 (2.08) | 0.37 (2.22) | -0.963 | .339 | |
| Frequency of food selection | 101.92 (4.95) | 99.56 (4.74) | 2.00 (5.75) | -2.37 (5.99) | -2.950 | .004 | |
| Gustation of salt (%) | 0.19 (0.13) | 0.28 (0.14) | -0.13 (0.16) | -0.01 (0.15) | 2.996 | .004 | |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125.46 (15.76) | 135.19 (15.91) | -2.41 (15.05) | 8.93 (11.92) | 3.238 | .002 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.15 (2.58) | 26.39 (2.58) | 0.19 (0.66) | 0.31 (0.73) | 0.700 | .486 | |
| Body fat rate (%) | 26.18 (5.83) | 30.67 (5.71) | 1.41 (1.68) | 1.04 (1.78) | -0.851 | .398 | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 84.59 (7.05) | 89.70 (7.67) | 0.19 (3.06) | 0.35 (3.92) | 0.179 | .858 | |
| Total-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 173.14 (30.75) | 173.82 (30.64) | -21.46 (41.34) | -4.81 (22.12) | 2.075 | .042 | |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 116.78 (57.72) | 131.06 (41.04) | -9.14 (71.89) | 11.78 (60.38) | 1.228 | .224 | |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 45.00 (13.07) | 42.22 (9.03) | -4.76 (5.59) | -2.22 (5.12) | 1.856 | .068 | |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 106.32 (29.73) | 109.74 (39.92) | -13.22 (31.56) | -5.56 (18.48) | 1.127 | .264 | |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 81.11 (17.27) | 83.15 (11.25) | -18.95 (22.04) | -13.22 (14.83) | 1.169 | .247 | |
Table 1. Homogeneity Test for General and Disease-Related Characteristics between the Experimental and Control Groups (N=64)
Multiple response.
Table 2. Homogeneity Test for Self Efficacy, Diet Behavior Pattern and Cardiovascular Risk Factors between the Experimental and Control Groups
Table 3. Mean Group Comparisons in Self Efficacy, Diet Behavior Pattern and Cardiovascular Risk Factors at the Posttest
