Jong-Soon Won; Kye-Ha Kim

doi:10.4040/jkan.2008.38.1.1

Articles

Page Path: HOME > J Korean Acad Nurs > Volume 38(1); 2008 > Article

Original Article
Evaluation of Cognitive Functions, Depression, Life Satisfaction among the Elderly Receiving Visiting Nursing Services: Jong-Soon Won, Kye-Ha Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2008;38(1):1-10.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.1.1
Published online: February 29, 2008

¹Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea.

²Full-time Instructor, Department of Nursing, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Kim, Kye-Ha. Department of Nursing, Chosun University, 375 Seoseok-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Korea. Tel: 82-62-230-6326, Fax: 82-62-230-6329, kyeha@chosun.ac.kr

• Received: June 4, 2007 • Accepted: September 24, 2007

201 Views
4 Download
31 Crossref
15 Scopus

Full Article

Download PDF

Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine cognitive functions, depression, and life satisfaction among the elderly receiving visiting nursing services.
Methods
The subjects of this study consisted of 221 elderly individuals who were receiving visiting nursing services from public health center located in Gyeonggi-do. The Mini-mental State Examination Korea version (MMSE-K), Geriatric Depression Scale-short form-Korea version (GDS-K), and Life Satisfaction Scale were utilized to determine cognitive functions, depression, and life satisfaction. Collected data was analyzed by the SPSS PC Win 12.0 program.
Results
The prevalence of cognitive impairment (MMSE-K≤24) was 86.4%, and the proportion of severe depression (GDS-K≥10) was 22.6%. Older age, lower education, and low income were associated with cognitive impairment, and low education, no religion, and low income were associated with depression. Cognitive function negatively correlated with depression. Life satisfaction level was fairly low and was not associated with any variables.
Conclusion
The high prevalence of cognitive impairment and low life satisfaction status were determined among low-income elderly who were registered at a visiting health care center. Thus, in the future at visiting health care services, efficient and various programs for the elderly should be tried, to improve cognitive functions and reduce depression. Additionally, consistent evaluation studies for those programs will be required.
Keywords: Visiting nurse; Cognitive aspects; Depression; Satisfaction

Table 1

General Characteristics of Subjects (N=221)

Table 2

Health-related Characteristics of Subjects (N=221)

Table 3

Degree of Cognitive Status, Depression, and Life Satisfaction (N=221)

Table 4

Cognitive Status, Depression, and Life Satisfaction by General Characteristics (N=221)

^*p<.05; ^†p<.01

Table 5

Cognitive Status, Depression, and Life Satisfaction by Health-related Characteristics (N=221)

^*p<.05; ^†p<.01

Table 6

Correlations among Cognitive Status, Depression, and Life Satisfaction (N=221)

^*p<.01

REFERENCES

1. Anderson DM, Keith J, Novak PD, Elliott MA. Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary. 1994;28 ed.Philadelphia, WB, Saunders Co..
2. Aneshensel CS, Wight RG, Miller-Martinez D, Botticello AL, Karlamangla AS, Seeman TE. Urban neighborhoods and depressive symptoms among older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2007;62(1):S52–S59.Article PubMed
3. Battle J. Relationship between self-esteem and depression. Psychol Rep. 1978;42:745–746.Article PubMed PDF
4. Brands AM, Van den Berg E, Manschot SM, Biessels GJ, Kappelle LJ, De Haan EH, et al. A detailed profile of cognitive dysfunction and its relation to psychological distress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2007;13:288–297.PubMed
5. Budh CN, Osteraker AL. Life satisfaction in individuals with a spinal cord injury and pain. Clin Rehabil. 2007;21(1):89–96.Article PubMed PDF
6. Cheon EY. Effects of ADL, self-efficacy and social support on life satisfaction in elders with visual loss. J Korean Gerontol Nurs. 2005;7:195–204.
7. Cho SH, Ha YS. Analysis of psychiatric home care implemented by psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioners. J Korean Acad Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2003;12(1):76–87.Article PDF
8. Cho KW. The study on the degree of life-satisfaction of the female single aged. J Welfare. 2002;17(1):85–125.
9. Choi HJ. Depression and cognitive function of the elderly using the welfare facilities for the aged in the community. J Korean Acad Public Health Nurs. 2006;20:119–129.
10. Choi SJ. A study on the development of Life satisfaction Scale for elderly. Korean Cul Res. 1986;49:233–258.
11. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. "Minimental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12:189–198.PubMed
12. Gatz JL, Tyas SL, St John P, Montgomery P. Do depressive symptoms predict Alzheimer's disease and dementia? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2005;60:744–747.Article PubMed
13. HwangBo SJ, Kim HR. Prevalence of chronic disease and visiting nurse services according to disease for low income urban elders using the health center. J Korean Gerontol Nurs. 2003;5:228–239.
14. Joo AR, Park SH. The relationship between cognitive function and depression in elderly people in rural areas. J Korean Gerontol Nurs. 2004;6(1):27–37.
15. Kee BS. A preliminary study for the standardization of Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form-Korea Version. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc. 1996;35:298–307.
16. Kim HS, You SJ, Han KR. The relation of cognitive function, physical health, self-esteem, social support and depression of elderly women in the community. J Korean Gerontol Nurs. 2002;4:163–175.
17. Kim MA, Kim HS, Kim EJ. Cognitive function and depression in the elderly. J Korean Gerontol Nurs. 2005;7:176–184.
18. Ko IS, Lee TW, Lee KJ, Lee CY, Lim MH, Cheon EY, et al. Analysis of health problems of low-income home care elderly at a urban-rural composite area. J Korean Gerontol Nurs. 2005;7:136–147.
19. Kwon YC, Park JH. Korean version of Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE-K)-Part I: development of the test for the elderly. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Asso. 1989;28(1):125–135.
20. Latimer HE, Cumming RG, Lewis R, Carrington S, Le Couteur DG. Sleep disturbances and falls in older people. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007;62(1):62–66.Article PubMed
21. Lee JR, Hong HS. Effects of aromatherapy and foot reflex massage on stress, depression, and sleep pattern of the institutionalized elderly. J Korean Biol Nurs Sci. 2005;7:17–30.
22. The guide of Visiting Health Care operation. Ministry of Health & Welfare. 2002;Retrieved form www.mohw.go.kr.
23. The start of health investment by visiting public health centers. Ministry of Health & Welfare. 2007;Retrieved form www.mohw.go.kr.
24. Moon MJ. Analysis on the structural model of life satisfaction for elderly home residents. J Korean Gerontol Nurs. 2004;6:202–215.
25. Neugarten BL, Havighurst RJ, Tobin SS. The measurement of life satisfaction. J Gerontol. 1961;16:134–143.Article PubMed
26. Park JH. A study on the life satisfaction of seniors in commercial welfare facilities for elderly. 2006;Seoul, Catholic University. Unpublished master's thesis.
27. Schmutte T, Harris S, Levin R, Zweig R, Katz M, Lipton R. The relation between cognitive functioning and selfreported sleep complaints in nondemented older adults: results from the Bronx aging study. Behav Sleep Med. 2007;5(1):39–56.Article PubMed
28. Sheikh JI, Yesavage JA. Brink TL. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Recent evidence and development of a shorter version. In: Clinical Gerontology: a guide to assessment and intervention. 1986;New York, The Harwoth Press. 165–173.
29. Won JS, Kim JH. Influencing factors on cognitive function and depression in elderly. J Korean Acad Psych Ment Health Nurs. 2003;12:148–154.Article PDF

Figure & Data

Table 1

General Characteristics of Subjects (N=221)

Table 2

Health-related Characteristics of Subjects (N=221)

Table 3

Degree of Cognitive Status, Depression, and Life Satisfaction (N=221)

Table 4

Cognitive Status, Depression, and Life Satisfaction by General Characteristics (N=221)

^*p<.05; ^†p<.01

Table 5

Cognitive Status, Depression, and Life Satisfaction by Health-related Characteristics (N=221)

^*p<.05; ^†p<.01

Table 6

Correlations among Cognitive Status, Depression, and Life Satisfaction (N=221)

^*p<.01

REFERENCES

1. Anderson DM, Keith J, Novak PD, Elliott MA. Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary. 1994;28 ed.Philadelphia, WB, Saunders Co..
2. Aneshensel CS, Wight RG, Miller-Martinez D, Botticello AL, Karlamangla AS, Seeman TE. Urban neighborhoods and depressive symptoms among older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2007;62(1):S52–S59.Article PubMed
3. Battle J. Relationship between self-esteem and depression. Psychol Rep. 1978;42:745–746.Article PubMed PDF
4. Brands AM, Van den Berg E, Manschot SM, Biessels GJ, Kappelle LJ, De Haan EH, et al. A detailed profile of cognitive dysfunction and its relation to psychological distress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2007;13:288–297.PubMed
5. Budh CN, Osteraker AL. Life satisfaction in individuals with a spinal cord injury and pain. Clin Rehabil. 2007;21(1):89–96.Article PubMed PDF
6. Cheon EY. Effects of ADL, self-efficacy and social support on life satisfaction in elders with visual loss. J Korean Gerontol Nurs. 2005;7:195–204.
7. Cho SH, Ha YS. Analysis of psychiatric home care implemented by psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioners. J Korean Acad Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2003;12(1):76–87.Article PDF
8. Cho KW. The study on the degree of life-satisfaction of the female single aged. J Welfare. 2002;17(1):85–125.
9. Choi HJ. Depression and cognitive function of the elderly using the welfare facilities for the aged in the community. J Korean Acad Public Health Nurs. 2006;20:119–129.
10. Choi SJ. A study on the development of Life satisfaction Scale for elderly. Korean Cul Res. 1986;49:233–258.
11. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. "Minimental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12:189–198.PubMed
12. Gatz JL, Tyas SL, St John P, Montgomery P. Do depressive symptoms predict Alzheimer's disease and dementia? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2005;60:744–747.Article PubMed
13. HwangBo SJ, Kim HR. Prevalence of chronic disease and visiting nurse services according to disease for low income urban elders using the health center. J Korean Gerontol Nurs. 2003;5:228–239.
14. Joo AR, Park SH. The relationship between cognitive function and depression in elderly people in rural areas. J Korean Gerontol Nurs. 2004;6(1):27–37.
15. Kee BS. A preliminary study for the standardization of Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form-Korea Version. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc. 1996;35:298–307.
16. Kim HS, You SJ, Han KR. The relation of cognitive function, physical health, self-esteem, social support and depression of elderly women in the community. J Korean Gerontol Nurs. 2002;4:163–175.
17. Kim MA, Kim HS, Kim EJ. Cognitive function and depression in the elderly. J Korean Gerontol Nurs. 2005;7:176–184.
18. Ko IS, Lee TW, Lee KJ, Lee CY, Lim MH, Cheon EY, et al. Analysis of health problems of low-income home care elderly at a urban-rural composite area. J Korean Gerontol Nurs. 2005;7:136–147.
19. Kwon YC, Park JH. Korean version of Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE-K)-Part I: development of the test for the elderly. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Asso. 1989;28(1):125–135.
20. Latimer HE, Cumming RG, Lewis R, Carrington S, Le Couteur DG. Sleep disturbances and falls in older people. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007;62(1):62–66.Article PubMed
21. Lee JR, Hong HS. Effects of aromatherapy and foot reflex massage on stress, depression, and sleep pattern of the institutionalized elderly. J Korean Biol Nurs Sci. 2005;7:17–30.
22. The guide of Visiting Health Care operation. Ministry of Health & Welfare. 2002;Retrieved form www.mohw.go.kr.
23. The start of health investment by visiting public health centers. Ministry of Health & Welfare. 2007;Retrieved form www.mohw.go.kr.
24. Moon MJ. Analysis on the structural model of life satisfaction for elderly home residents. J Korean Gerontol Nurs. 2004;6:202–215.
25. Neugarten BL, Havighurst RJ, Tobin SS. The measurement of life satisfaction. J Gerontol. 1961;16:134–143.Article PubMed
26. Park JH. A study on the life satisfaction of seniors in commercial welfare facilities for elderly. 2006;Seoul, Catholic University. Unpublished master's thesis.
27. Schmutte T, Harris S, Levin R, Zweig R, Katz M, Lipton R. The relation between cognitive functioning and selfreported sleep complaints in nondemented older adults: results from the Bronx aging study. Behav Sleep Med. 2007;5(1):39–56.Article PubMed
28. Sheikh JI, Yesavage JA. Brink TL. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Recent evidence and development of a shorter version. In: Clinical Gerontology: a guide to assessment and intervention. 1986;New York, The Harwoth Press. 165–173.
29. Won JS, Kim JH. Influencing factors on cognitive function and depression in elderly. J Korean Acad Psych Ment Health Nurs. 2003;12:148–154.Article PDF

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Study on Life Satisfaction of the Elderly Based on Healthy Aging
Hua Tian, Jie Chen, Prabadevi Boopathy
Journal of Healthcare Engineering.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
A Study on Social Support of the Elderly with Normal Hearing and Elderly Wearing Hearing Aids
Do-Yun Kim, Junghwa Bahng
Audiology and Speech Research.2022; 18(2): 102. CrossRef
Validity and reliability of the Persian version of general practitioner assessment of cognition (P-GPCOG)
Vahid Rashedi, Mahshid Foroughan, Heiman Nazari, Katrin Seeher, Henry Brodaty
Aging & Mental Health.2019; 23(8): 961. CrossRef
Effects of a Self-Care Reinforcement Program for Socially Vulnerable Elderly Women with Metabolic Syndrome in Korea
Mikyung Park, Kiwol Sung
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2019; 30(3): 271. CrossRef
Telephone Support and Telemonitoring for Low-Income Older Adults
Suyong Jeong, Hanna Choi, Seok Hyun Gwon, Jeongeun Kim
Research in Gerontological Nursing.2018; 11(4): 198. CrossRef
The Effect of Vitamin D and Calcium on Cognitive Function and Depression in the Elderly Living in a City
Yu-Jin Lee, Yun-Su Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2017; 28(3): 251. CrossRef
Effects of Multivitamin Supplements on Cognitive Function, Serum Homocysteine Level, and Depression of Korean Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment in Care Facilities
Hye Kyung Lee, So Young Kim, Sohyune R. Sok
Journal of Nursing Scholarship.2016; 48(3): 223. CrossRef
Depression and Cognitive Function of the Community-dwelling Elderly
Seong Ok Seo, Ae Young So
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2016; 27(1): 1. CrossRef
Health Perception and Family Support as Influencing Factors on Depression in Hospitalized Elderly Patients
Sun-Ok Lee, Moon-Jeong Kim
The Korean Journal of Health Service Management.2015; 9(4): 145. CrossRef
Factors Affecting Activities of Daily Living, Depression and Life Satisfaction among Aged Women

Journal of East-West Nursing Research.2015; 21(2): 119. CrossRef
Risk Factors Influencing Depression among Elderly with Arthritis in Korean
Hye-Ryoung Kim, Hyun-Hee Im
The Korean Journal of Health Service Management.2014; 8(1): 103. CrossRef
A Survey on Visiting Nurses' Management for Elders with Cognitive Impairment Living in a Community: Focused on Health Centers in a Metropolitan and Medium-sized Cities
Chong Mi Lee, Younkyoung Kim, Inhyae Park
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2014; 23(4): 197. CrossRef
Factors associated with Cognitive Decline in the Elderly in Community
Young-Sook Kwon, Kyung-Shin Paek
Journal of Digital Convergence.2014; 12(2): 587. CrossRef
Prevalence and Its Influencing Factors on Depression among Elderly Vulnerable People in Urban Community
Hye-Ryoung Kim
The Korean Journal of Health Service Management.2013; 7(3): 275. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Depressive Symptoms in Community Dwelling Older People
Jung Nam Sohn
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2013; 22(2): 107. CrossRef
Association of Health Risk Behaviors with Mental Health among Elderly Koreans
Ki Dong Ko M.D., Young Tae Cho Ph.D., Sung Il Cho M.D., PhD., Joo Hon Sung M.D., PhD., Be Long Cho M.D., PhD., Ki Young Son M.D., Ho Chun Choi M.D.
Journal of the Korean Geriatrics Society.2012; 16(2): 66. CrossRef
National Health Insurance program and life satisfaction of the elderly
Pei-An Liao, Hung-Hao Chang, Lih-Chyun Sun
Aging & Mental Health.2012; 16(8): 983. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Depression of Elderly Women in a Metropolitan City
Seung-Ae Yang
Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2012; 26(1): 158. CrossRef
Effects of perceived health status, leisure satisfaction and loneliness on life satisfaction for elderly people
Kyu Eun Lee, Young-Hee Yom, Jung Hee Han
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2012; 19(4): 483. CrossRef
Evaluation of Efficiency of Community Visiting Health Service Units - A Demonstration of Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) -
Ji Young Lim, Mi Ja Kim, Chang Gi Park, Jung Yun Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2011; 17(1): 54. CrossRef
The Relationship of Functional Health Status, Satisfaction of Customized Home Visiting Health Service, and Quality of Life in Vulnerable Elderly
Yeong-Sook Park, Haw-Yean Lee, Yun-Hee Kwon
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2011; 12(11): 5071. CrossRef
The Effect of Health Promotion Program in Vulnerable Women with Osteoarthritis
Myung Suk Lee, Hyun JA Lim, Jung Suk Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2011; 22(3): 241. CrossRef
Factors Affecting Depression in Elderly Vulnerable People Living Alone
Hyun Mi Kim, Yeon Hee Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2011; 22(4): 355. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Depression and Quality of Life in Elderly Customized Home Visiting Health Services
Yunhee Kwon, Chungnam Kim, Oh-Gye Kwag
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2011; 22(3): 262. CrossRef
Life Satisfaction, Activities of Daily Living, Depression and Health Behavior of Low Income Elderly Living at Home
Soon-Yi Seo
Journal of muscle and joint health.2010; 17(2): 162. CrossRef
The Effects of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain and Depression on Health-related Quality of Life by Gender in Community-dwelling Older Adults
Seung-Hee Lee, Soon-Ok Yang
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2010; 21(1): 21. CrossRef
Elders' Health Status, Quality of Life, and Satisfaction with Customized Home Visiting Health Service Depending on Connection to Volunteerism
Ji Eun Park, Chungnam Kim, Yunhee Kwon
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2010; 21(4): 448. CrossRef
The Effects of a Cognitive Enhancement Group Training Program for Community-dwelling Elders
Young Ran Han, Mi Sook Song, Ji Young Lim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(5): 724. CrossRef
Fall Risk in Low-Income Elderly People in One Urban Area
Kyung Won Choi, In-Sook Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(4): 589. CrossRef
The Effects of Health Behavior-related Characteristics, Self-esteem, Activities of Daily Living, and Family Support on Depression in the Community-dwelling Elderly
So Young Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2010; 21(4): 489. CrossRef
Cognitive Impairment, Behavioral Problems, and Mental Health in Institutionalized Korean Elders -An Eligibility Issue for Care Settings-
Hyun-Sil Kim, Young-Mi Jung, Hung-Sa Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(5): 741. CrossRef

CanvasJS.com

Cite

CITE: export Copy Download Format; Close

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software

Include:

Citation for the content below
Citation and abstract for the content below

Evaluation of Cognitive Functions, Depression, Life Satisfaction among the Elderly Receiving Visiting Nursing Services

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2008;38(1):1-10. Published online February 29, 2008

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.1.1

XML Download

We recommend

Evaluation of Cognitive Functions, Depression, Life Satisfaction among the Elderly Receiving Visiting Nursing Services

Table 1

General Characteristics of Subjects (N=221)

Table 2

Health-related Characteristics of Subjects (N=221)

Table 3

Degree of Cognitive Status, Depression, and Life Satisfaction (N=221)

Table 4

Cognitive Status, Depression, and Life Satisfaction by General Characteristics (N=221)

^*p<.05; ^†p<.01

Table 5

Cognitive Status, Depression, and Life Satisfaction by Health-related Characteristics (N=221)

^*p<.05; ^†p<.01

Table 6

Correlations among Cognitive Status, Depression, and Life Satisfaction (N=221)

^*p<.01

Table 1 General Characteristics of Subjects (N=221)

Table 2 Health-related Characteristics of Subjects (N=221)

Table 3 Degree of Cognitive Status, Depression, and Life Satisfaction (N=221)

Table 4 Cognitive Status, Depression, and Life Satisfaction by General Characteristics (N=221)

^*p<.05; ^†p<.01

Table 5 Cognitive Status, Depression, and Life Satisfaction by Health-related Characteristics (N=221)

^*p<.05; ^†p<.01

Table 6 Correlations among Cognitive Status, Depression, and Life Satisfaction (N=221)