Table 1

Demographic, Personal, Cognitive, and Physical Characteristics and Wandering Behavior in Elders with Dementia residing in Nursing Homes (N=160)

MMSE=Mini-mental State Exam; PADL=Physical Activities of Daily Living; IADL=Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; KRAWS-NH=Korean version of the Revised Algase Wandering Scale Nursing Home version.

Table 2

Comparison of Demographic, and Personal Characteristics between Wanderers (N=108) and Nonwanderers (N=52)

missing data excluded. ^*p<.05.

Table 3

Comparison of Cognitive and Physical functions between Wanderers and Nonwanderers

missing data excluded. ^*p<.05; ^†p<.01; ^‡p<.001. MMSE=Mini-mental State Exam; PADL=Physical Activities of Daily Living; IADL=Instrumental Activities of Daily Living.

Table 4

Comparison of Environmental Characteristics between Wanderers (N=108) and Nonwanderers (N=52)

missing data excluded. ^*p<.05; ^†p<.01; ^‡p<.001.

Table 5

Comparison of KRAWS-NH Overall and Subscale Scores by Environmental Characteristics, Controlling for Subject's Age, Physical ADL, and Instrumental ADL

missing data excluded. ^*p<.05; ^†p<.01; ^‡p<.001. KRAWS-NH=Korean version of the Revised Algase Wandering Scale Nursing Home version; ADL=Activities of Daily Living.

REFERENCES

• 1. Algase DL. Wandering in Dementia: State of Science. 1999;New York, Springer.
• 2. Algase DL, Beattie E, Song J. Differences in wandering by age, sex, race, and medical basis of dementia. In: Poster presented at the World Alzheimer Congress 2000. 2000;Washington, DC.
• 3. Algase DL, Beattie ER, Bogue EL, Yao L. The Algase Wandering Scale: initial psychometrics of a new caregiver reporting tool. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2001;16:141–152.ArticlePubMedPMCPDF
• 4. Algase DL, Kupferschmid B, Beel-Bates CA, Beattie ER. Estimates of stability of daily wandering behavior among cognitively impaired long-term care residents. Nurs Res. 1997;46:172–178.ArticlePubMed
• 5. Beattie ER, Song J, LaGore S. A comparison of wandering behavior in nursing homes and assisted living facilities. Res Theory Nur Pract. 2005;19:181–196.Article
• 6. Conant-Arp C, Robinson J. Long-term care design: life-enhancing design strategies at the Louis Feinstein Alzheimer day care center. J Healthc Des. 1997;9:117–120.PubMed
• 7. Cooper JK, Mungas D, Weiler PG. Relation of cognitive status and abnormal behaviors in Alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1990;38:867–870.ArticlePubMed
• 8. Everitt DE, Field CM, Soumerai SS, Avorn J. Resident behavior and staff distress in the nursing home. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991;38:792–798.
• 9. Hope T, Tilling KM, Gedling K, Keene JM, Cooper SD. The structure of wandering in dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1994;9:149–155.Article
• 10. Hussian RA. Geriatric Psychology: A Behavioral Perspective. 1981;New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.
• 11. Kang Y, Na DL, Hahn S. A validity study on the Korean Mini-mental State Examination (K-MMSE) in dementia patients. J Korean Neurol Assoc. 1997;15:300–308.
• 12. Kim JH, Lee CE. A study on the problem behaviors according to characteristics of dementia elderly. J Korean Gerontol Nurs. 2000;2:176–183.
• 13. Kim TH, Jun GY. A study on caregiving situations and resources for adjustment among family caregivers of the elderly with dementia. J Korean Home Econom Assoc. 1996;34:145–160.
• 14. Kiely DK, Morris JN, Algase DL. Residents characteristics associated with wandering in nursing homes. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2000;15:1013–1020.PubMed
• 15. The results of special estimation of future population. Korean Statistical Office. 2005;Retrieved August 10, 2007, from Korea national statistical office Web site: http://www.nso.go.kr.htm.
• 16. Kwon JD. Development of the Measurement tool and model for the caregiving. 1995;Seoul, Hongikjae.
• 17. Lee BW, Park JS. A study on the color planning of facilities for the elderly as an environmental element. J Korean Inst Healthc Archit. 1997;3(5):53–66.
• 18. Lezak MD. Neuropsychological Assessment. 1995;3rd ed. Oxford University Press.
• 19. Medicity website. Retrieved August 10, from https://www.medcity.com/zboard/zboard.php?id=chimae&no=514.
• 20. Nelson J. The influence of environmental factors in incidents of disruptive behavior. J Gerrontol Nurs. 1995;21(5):19–24.Article
• 21. Price JD, Hermans DG, Evans G. Subjective barriers to prevent wandering of cognitively impaired people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2000;(1):CD001932.
• 22. Rowe MA, Glover JC. Antecedents, descriptions and consequences of wandering in cognitively-impaired adults and the Safe Return (SR) program. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2001;16:344–352.ArticlePubMedPMCPDF
• 23. Sloane PD, Mitchell M, Preisser JS, Phillips C, Commander C, Burker E. Environmental correlates of resident agitation in Alzheimer's disease special care units. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998;46:862–869.ArticlePubMed
• 24. Song J. Relationship of premorbid personality and behavioral responses to stress to wandering behavior of residents with dementia in long term care facilities. 2003;University of Michigan. Unpublished doctoral dissertation.
• 25. Song W, Joo JH, Park JS. A study on the architectural planning of the physical environment of the dementia ward. J Korean Inst Healthc Archit. 1999;5(8):33–41.
• 26. Struble LM. Ambulation behaviors of people with Alzheimer's disease: Case studies of residents in three facilities along the homelike continuum. 1995;University of Michigan. Unpublished doctoral dissertation.
• 27. Thomas DW. Understanding the wandering patient: a continuity of personality perspective. J Gerontol Nurs. 1997;23(1):16–24.Article
• 28. Tumbull G. Features: the bottom line on wandering and elopement. Extended Care Product News. 2002;83(5):20–21.
• 29. Yao L, Algase D. Environmental ambiance as a new window on wandering. West J Nurs Res. 2006;28(1):89–104.ArticlePubMedPDF
• 30. Yu YM. A study on the architectural planning of skilled nursing homes for the elderly. J Korean Inst Healthc Archit. 1999;5(9):97–106.

Figure & Data

Table 1

Demographic, Personal, Cognitive, and Physical Characteristics and Wandering Behavior in Elders with Dementia residing in Nursing Homes (N=160)

MMSE=Mini-mental State Exam; PADL=Physical Activities of Daily Living; IADL=Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; KRAWS-NH=Korean version of the Revised Algase Wandering Scale Nursing Home version.

Table 2

Comparison of Demographic, and Personal Characteristics between Wanderers (N=108) and Nonwanderers (N=52)

missing data excluded. ^*p<.05.

Table 3

Comparison of Cognitive and Physical functions between Wanderers and Nonwanderers

missing data excluded. ^*p<.05; ^†p<.01; ^‡p<.001. MMSE=Mini-mental State Exam; PADL=Physical Activities of Daily Living; IADL=Instrumental Activities of Daily Living.

Table 4

Comparison of Environmental Characteristics between Wanderers (N=108) and Nonwanderers (N=52)

missing data excluded. ^*p<.05; ^†p<.01; ^‡p<.001.

Table 5

Comparison of KRAWS-NH Overall and Subscale Scores by Environmental Characteristics, Controlling for Subject's Age, Physical ADL, and Instrumental ADL

missing data excluded. ^*p<.05; ^†p<.01; ^‡p<.001. KRAWS-NH=Korean version of the Revised Algase Wandering Scale Nursing Home version; ADL=Activities of Daily Living.

REFERENCES

• 1. Algase DL. Wandering in Dementia: State of Science. 1999;New York, Springer.
• 2. Algase DL, Beattie E, Song J. Differences in wandering by age, sex, race, and medical basis of dementia. In: Poster presented at the World Alzheimer Congress 2000. 2000;Washington, DC.
• 3. Algase DL, Beattie ER, Bogue EL, Yao L. The Algase Wandering Scale: initial psychometrics of a new caregiver reporting tool. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2001;16:141–152.ArticlePubMedPMCPDF
• 4. Algase DL, Kupferschmid B, Beel-Bates CA, Beattie ER. Estimates of stability of daily wandering behavior among cognitively impaired long-term care residents. Nurs Res. 1997;46:172–178.ArticlePubMed
• 5. Beattie ER, Song J, LaGore S. A comparison of wandering behavior in nursing homes and assisted living facilities. Res Theory Nur Pract. 2005;19:181–196.Article
• 6. Conant-Arp C, Robinson J. Long-term care design: life-enhancing design strategies at the Louis Feinstein Alzheimer day care center. J Healthc Des. 1997;9:117–120.PubMed
• 7. Cooper JK, Mungas D, Weiler PG. Relation of cognitive status and abnormal behaviors in Alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1990;38:867–870.ArticlePubMed
• 8. Everitt DE, Field CM, Soumerai SS, Avorn J. Resident behavior and staff distress in the nursing home. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991;38:792–798.
• 9. Hope T, Tilling KM, Gedling K, Keene JM, Cooper SD. The structure of wandering in dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1994;9:149–155.Article
• 10. Hussian RA. Geriatric Psychology: A Behavioral Perspective. 1981;New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.
• 11. Kang Y, Na DL, Hahn S. A validity study on the Korean Mini-mental State Examination (K-MMSE) in dementia patients. J Korean Neurol Assoc. 1997;15:300–308.
• 12. Kim JH, Lee CE. A study on the problem behaviors according to characteristics of dementia elderly. J Korean Gerontol Nurs. 2000;2:176–183.
• 13. Kim TH, Jun GY. A study on caregiving situations and resources for adjustment among family caregivers of the elderly with dementia. J Korean Home Econom Assoc. 1996;34:145–160.
• 14. Kiely DK, Morris JN, Algase DL. Residents characteristics associated with wandering in nursing homes. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2000;15:1013–1020.PubMed
• 15. The results of special estimation of future population. Korean Statistical Office. 2005;Retrieved August 10, 2007, from Korea national statistical office Web site: http://www.nso.go.kr.htm.
• 16. Kwon JD. Development of the Measurement tool and model for the caregiving. 1995;Seoul, Hongikjae.
• 17. Lee BW, Park JS. A study on the color planning of facilities for the elderly as an environmental element. J Korean Inst Healthc Archit. 1997;3(5):53–66.
• 18. Lezak MD. Neuropsychological Assessment. 1995;3rd ed. Oxford University Press.
• 19. Medicity website. Retrieved August 10, from https://www.medcity.com/zboard/zboard.php?id=chimae&no=514.
• 20. Nelson J. The influence of environmental factors in incidents of disruptive behavior. J Gerrontol Nurs. 1995;21(5):19–24.Article
• 21. Price JD, Hermans DG, Evans G. Subjective barriers to prevent wandering of cognitively impaired people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2000;(1):CD001932.
• 22. Rowe MA, Glover JC. Antecedents, descriptions and consequences of wandering in cognitively-impaired adults and the Safe Return (SR) program. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2001;16:344–352.ArticlePubMedPMCPDF
• 23. Sloane PD, Mitchell M, Preisser JS, Phillips C, Commander C, Burker E. Environmental correlates of resident agitation in Alzheimer's disease special care units. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998;46:862–869.ArticlePubMed
• 24. Song J. Relationship of premorbid personality and behavioral responses to stress to wandering behavior of residents with dementia in long term care facilities. 2003;University of Michigan. Unpublished doctoral dissertation.
• 25. Song W, Joo JH, Park JS. A study on the architectural planning of the physical environment of the dementia ward. J Korean Inst Healthc Archit. 1999;5(8):33–41.
• 26. Struble LM. Ambulation behaviors of people with Alzheimer's disease: Case studies of residents in three facilities along the homelike continuum. 1995;University of Michigan. Unpublished doctoral dissertation.
• 27. Thomas DW. Understanding the wandering patient: a continuity of personality perspective. J Gerontol Nurs. 1997;23(1):16–24.Article
• 28. Tumbull G. Features: the bottom line on wandering and elopement. Extended Care Product News. 2002;83(5):20–21.
• 29. Yao L, Algase D. Environmental ambiance as a new window on wandering. West J Nurs Res. 2006;28(1):89–104.ArticlePubMedPDF
• 30. Yu YM. A study on the architectural planning of skilled nursing homes for the elderly. J Korean Inst Healthc Archit. 1999;5(9):97–106.

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