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Research Paper
Development and Evaluation of Health Empowerment Scale for North Korean Women Defectors
Semi Lim, Younhee Kang
J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(1):80-91.   Published online February 28, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21174
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study developed an instrument to evaluate the health empowerment of North Korean women refugees and examined its validity and reliability.
Methods
Through literature review and focused group interviews, 66 preliminary items with three constructs, including perceived control, perceived competence, and goal internalization were selected based on Menon’s psychological health empowerment model. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 239 North Korean women refugees in the community from August 31 to September 4, 2020. Content, construct, convergent, and discriminative validity were evaluated. Cronbach’s α was used to evaluate the reli-ability of scale.
Results
The final instrument consisted of 31 items with three factors that were identified through confirmatory factor analysis. The convergent validity showed that the correlation coefficient was .52 (p < .001), which confirmed the validity of the developed measurement tool. Cronbach’s α for all the items was .94, and Cronbach's α for the factors was .76~.91.
Conclusion
This health empowerment scale has been developed to include aspects of health empowerment, provide a conceptual framework, and offer objective indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of a health education program.
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Original Articles
Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study on the Experiences of Employment of Married North Korean Women Defectors Rearing Children
Hyun Mee Cho, Eun Joung Choi
J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(1):39-51.   Published online January 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2020.50.1.39
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose:

This study aimed to understand the experiences of married North Korean women’s child-rearing, working lives, and their home and work environment in depth.

Methods:

This study adopted van Manen’s hermeneutic phenomenological method to qualitatively analyze data. The participants were 8 married North Korean women defectors. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations from July 4 to August 20, 2018.

Results:

Nine essential themes emerged: more personal challenges after overcoming a life-threatening crisis; hopes of firmly settling in this land; the wound from the north, which chased them here; a body that becomes stronger through hardship; being stuck in a past full of anxiety and pain; the present is full of hope; hope for the future; sense of alienation from coworkers that cannot be overcome; and sense of power to endure an exhausting work life.

Conclusion

This study provided a broader understanding of the life and experiences of married women from North Korea. It highlights the need for nurses to recognize their importance in nursing care. The study also suggests that academic and practical approaches for nursing, and basic data for a nursing intervention for married women from North Korea be provided. The study findings can be used as a basis for preparing a national policy that will help North Korean defectors to find employment and gain stability.

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The Scope of Practice for Registered Nurses in 64 South Korean Laws
Sungkyoung Choi, Seung Gyeong Jang, Won Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(6):760-770.   Published online December 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.6.760
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The role of registered nurses is expanding in scope as the healthcare paradigm shifts from acute, hospital-based care to community and population-based care. Given this paradigm shift, this study explores the legal aspects of the role of a registered nurse.

Methods

We used document analysis for extracting laws and legal orders related to nursing from the entirety of Korean law. Using textualism approach, we examined the contents utilizing a framework that was developed based on the role classification of community nurses by Clark in this study.

Results

A total of 119 items related to nursing were derived from 64 laws. Of these, 71.4 % can be performed by people in multiple types of occupations including nurses. As a result of analyzing required qualifications, 45.4% of 119 items required additional qualifications besides registered nurse license. Analysis of workplace and activity type demonstrated that 26.1% of the 119 items were related to medical institutions, with nurses performing mostly “Client-oriented role.” More than half (68.9%) were non-medical institutions, with nurses performing mostly “Delivery-oriented role.” Some, however, did not stipulate the nurse's roles clearly.

Conclusion

Therefore, to match the enhanced scope and responsibilities of registered nurses and to appropriately recognize, guide, and hold these nurses accountable, laws and policy must reflect these changes. In doing so, these updated laws and policies will ultimately serve as a basis for improving the quality and safety of nursing services.

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    Namita Batra, Kamlesh K. Sharma
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    Bo Zhao, Fanlei Kong, Hyoung-Sun Jeong, Young-Joo Won, Myung-Bae Park, Eun Woo Nam
    Geriatric Nursing.2025; 65: 103512.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of educational needs and priorities for work-related laws between hospital and community-based nurses
    Jeonghyun Kim, Min Kyoung Han, Minjae Lee, Sujin Shin
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    Seongyu Han, Eun Kyoung Yun
    Nursing Ethics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    JooHyun Lee, Hyoung Eun Chang, Jaehyuk Cho, Seohyun Yoo, Joonseo Hyeon, Andrea Cioffi
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    Jina Hwang, Eun Kyeung Song, Sangjin Ko
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    Suyoung KIM, Sanghee KIM
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  • Association of the Magnitude of Nurses With the Use of Health Information Exchanges: Analyzing the National Health Insurance Claim Data of Hospitals and Clinics in Korea
    Young-Taek Park, Yeon Sook Kim, Yun-Jung Heo, Jae-Ho Lee, Hyejung Chang
    INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Public Reporting on the Quality Ratings of Nursing Homes in the Republic of Korea
Hyang Yuol Lee, Juh Hyun Shin
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(2):161-170.   Published online April 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.2.161
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Quality ratings could provide vital information to help people in choosing a nursing home.

Purpose

This study investigated factors aligned with quality ratings of nursing homes.

Methods

We employed a cross-sectional descriptive design to assess publicly available data on 1,354 nursing homes with 30 or more beds in the Republic of Korea. After excluding 289 nursing homes with no reported quality-evaluation ratings, we analyzed the 2015 data of 1,065 nursing homes. To prevent multicollinearity among independent variables, we carefully selected the final set of variables based on clinical and theoretical meaningfulness to direct nursing care. Quality, the ordinal outcome, was scored from 1 to 5 with a higher score indicating higher quality of the organization. We constructed a multivariate ordered logistic regression model.

Results

Higher quality ratings of nursing homes was significantly related to the number of unoccupied beds (OR=0.99, p=.024), registered nurses (RNs) (OR=1.30, p=.003), qualified care workers (OR=1.03, p=.011), cognitive-improvement programs (OR=1.05, p=.024), and other programs for residents' activities (OR=1.09, p<.001).

Conclusion

The number of RNs had the strongest influence on the publicly reported quality rating, while the rating of qualified care workers demonstrated little effect and that of nursing assistants had no effect. The number of RNs could be used as a crucial indicator for high-quality homes; more resident-engaging programs also demonstrated better quality of nursing home care.

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    Mircha Poldrugovac, Joost D. Wammes, Véronique L. L. C. Bos, Erica Barbazza, Damir Ivanković, Hanneke Merten, Janet L. MacNeil Vroomen, Niek S. Klazinga, Dionne S. Kringos
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    Seonhwa Choi, Eunhee Cho, Eunkyo Kim, Kyongeun Lee, Soo Jung Chang
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  • Increasing Registered Nurse Hours Per Resident Day for Improved Nursing Home Residents’ Outcomes Using a Longitudinal Study
    Juh Hyun Shin, Rosemary Anne Renaut, Mark Reiser, Ji Yeon Lee, Ty Yi Tang
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A Phenomenological Study on Psychosocial Nursing Care in Korea
Myung Sun Yi
Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1994;24(2):226-240.   Published online March 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1994.24.2.226
AbstractAbstract PDF

No abstract available.

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Comparative Study
RELIABLITY AND VALIDITY OF A KOREAN EMPATHY CONSTRUCT RATING SCALE
Moon Sil Kim
Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1988;18(1):26-33.   Published online March 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1988.18.1.26
AbstractAbstract PDF

No abstract available.

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  • Clinical Education In psychiatric mental health nursing: Overcoming current challenges
    Heeseung Choi, Boyoung Hwang, Sungjae Kim, Heesung Ko, Sumi Kim, Chanhee Kim
    Nurse Education Today.2016; 39: 109.     CrossRef
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Original Articles
An Ethnographic Research on the Phenomenon of Women's Utilization of the ZZimzilbang, A Type of Sauna in Korea
Chung Ja Chun, Eun Kwang Yoo
Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(4):961-974.   Published online March 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.4.961
AbstractAbstract

The ZZimzilbang is a room where many women eagerly go due to the special meaning women give to it related to their health. It is a different type of sauna room which maintains low degree of temperature, consisting of an Ondol room(Korean under-floor heating system, hypocaust) built with mineral stone radiating ultrared rays. Even though many women mention that they utilize if for health, there is no precise evidence of the effects of their health. This ethnographic study sought to define the phenomenon from the perspective of the women who experienced the ZZimzilbang. A convenience sample of 27 women was interviewed during a 15 month period from December 1995 to July 1997 in 12 ZZimzilbangs located in Seoul, Korea. The mean ages of the women 57.3 years ; seventeen women were housekeeper and only eight women had job ; twenty women were married and three women among them were widows. The main reasons women patronize the place are : for mitigation and healing of physical signs and symptoms ; composure ; safe lodging and boarding ; control of outward appearance ; control of health ; meeting and fellowship with friends ; and custom. The outcomes of the utilization of the place were : mitigation of physical signs and symptoms ; psychological tranquility ; cosmetic and diet ; good use of spare time ; and utilization of services provided there. Most women who visited ZZimzilbang for relief of physical signs and symptoms strongly mentioned a correlation to inadequate Sanhujori, the traditional postpartal and postabortal care for woman. Some of specific kinds of services provided in that place were alternative therapy such as acupuncture, negative cupping, finger-pressure, mugwort steam and various kinds of massage including massage of blood vessels that are influenced by Oriental medicine ; health education of breathing such as abdominal breathing or Danjeon ; selling of many things including health foods, drugs for osteoporosis, and eutrophics This study suggests that professional caregivers should further study this phenomenon for the development of adequate care of women with a resulting important in their quality of life.

Citations

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  • Effects of Sanhujori and Menopausal Adaptation on Health-related QOL in Middle-aged Women
    Moon-Jeong Kim, Kyung-Ja Kang
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2014; 20(1): 62.     CrossRef
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Korean Version of the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: Reliability and Validity Test
Ok Soo Kim
Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(4):871-879.   Published online March 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.4.871
AbstractAbstract PDF

No abstract available.

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Development of Health Behavior Assessment Tool of the Korean Elders
Young Hee Choi, Soon Yi Kim
Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(3):601-613.   Published online March 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.3.601
AbstractAbstract PDF

This project was conducted using a survey method and through interviewing with four persons aged 60 years and over. An interview with an open-ended questionnaire was also used for elderly persons, families, oriental medicine doctor and nurses. topic-related literature review was also done. In total, 382 statements were derived. For content validity, nursing professionals were involved in this study. From that 48 items are developed. The subjects were 340 elderly persons over 60 years old. Data were collected during February and March 1997 and analyzed using the SPSS package The result are as follows. 1. Items with low Cronbach Coefficient alpha which means low correlation with total items were removed. 2. Factor analysis was done in order to confirm construct validity and eight factors were obtained from the results. The first factor, 'positive cognition of the aging process', the second factor, 'relationship network' the third factor, 'maintenance of physical functioning, the fourth factor', 'maintenance of peaceful mind' the fifth factor, 'keeping up with daily tasks' the sixth factor, 'continuous adequate body movement' the seventh factor, 'involvement of religion in the elderly person's life and the eight factor', 'appropriate resting'. Cronbach Coefficient alpha for the 33 items was .9127 Based on the result, the following is suggested 1. It is anticipated that the fundamental health of elderly person could be promoted by assessing healthy behaviors of elderly person with this assessment tool. 2. Further studies could be derived from this research. 3. Validity of this assessment tool should be further tested with and a larger sample of elderly person including in-patient elderly persons as well as nursing home residents.

Citations

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  • Mediating Effect of Health Behavior between Meaning in Life and Happiness Related to Aging among Commuity-dwelling Older Adults During COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Eun-Ju Mun, Jin-Hwa Park
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2022; 24(3): 311.     CrossRef
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    So Hee Shin, Keum Seong Jang, On Choi
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2019; 44(2): 198.     CrossRef
  • HEALTH-PROMOTING BEHAVIORS OF Older Adults Compared to Young and Middle-Aged Adults in Korea
    Mee Ock Gu, Young Eun
    Journal of Gerontological Nursing.2002; 28(5): 46.     CrossRef
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An Ethnographic Study about Taegyo Practice in Korea
Hyeon Ok Kim
Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(2):411-422.   Published online March 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.2.411
AbstractAbstract PDF

The purpose of this study is twofold :(i) to investigate how much effort the married couples are making for the good health of both the pregnant woman and her unborn child from the time of their marriage to and during the period of conception ; and(ii) to comprehensive investigate socio-cultural backgrounds which affect prenatal effort. Result of this study provide a basis for the prenatal care program which will be appropriate to our culture. This study has been done by the ethnographic research method. The subjects of this study are 53 people in all consisting of 33 pregnant women and 20 husbands. In order to investigate socio-cultural factors which influence Taegyo, producers of Taegyo music were interviewed. In addition, the researcher surveyed the markets of Taegyo music, participated in special courses of prenatal education, analyzed the content of the books and periodicals dealing and collected the concept of Taegyo distributed by the mass media. The full-fledged study continued for eight months from February to August, 1996. The data were analyzed as soon as they were collected. Spradly's(1979, 1980) developmental, sequential method of domain analysis, taxonomic analysis, componential analysis, and theme analysis in this order was adopted as the procedure of analyzing the data. To obtain the exactness of study, Sandelowski's(1986) four criteria, that is, Credibility, Fittingness, Auditability, and Confirmability were applied to all stages of data collection, data analysis, the interpretation of the result, and the description of the result. The following are the result : 1. The couples' Taegyo at the stage of preconception was related to their physical, psychological, spiritual conditions under which a healthy baby will be born. Specific methods they prefer are : "the choice of one's spouse," "physical check-up," "physical good health," "praying," and so on. 2. When the married couple have sex in order to conceive, their Taegyo was related to the imposition of their physical, psychological, and environmental conditions. Specific methods they prefer are: "having sex at specific time," "having sex in nice place," "to purify their minds while having sex," and so on. 3. The married couples' Taegyo while they are in pregnancy was related to the imposition of their physical, psychological, emotionmental, environmental, social and spiritual conditions. Specific methods they prefer are : "listening to music," "reading," "looking at beautiful things only," "to avoid looking at or listening to bad things," "to eat food in good shape," "to avoid drugs," "eating Korean herbal medicine," "sexual abstinence," "to avoid dangerous places," " to keep emotional tranquility," "moderate exercises and rest," "leading a pure life," "praying," "being aware of their words and behavior," "for the couple to keep a good relationship," "interaction with their unborn child," "to support Taegyo for pregnant women," and so on. 4. The married couple put Taegyo into practice on the basis of the following principles : the principle of respecting an unborn child, the principle of forming a good disposition, the principle of top-down parental love, the principle of synergy between a pregnant woman and her unborn child, the principle of expecting a good child, the principle of forming a good habit, and the principle of acquiring a parental role. 5. The practice of Taegyo is influenced by such factors as the married couple, the supporting system, and the married couple, the supporting system, and the mass media. As the husband-and-wife factor, their information of Taegyo, the degree of importance is assigned to their characters, their time to spare, their healthiness, the age of pregnant woman, their conception plan, their religion, their belief of the Taegyo effects, and the birth of a baby in this order. The factor of the supporting system consists of her husband's support, he family support, and her neighbor's support. The mass media specialized in Taegyo, periodicals for pregnant women, booklets for advertizing powdered milk, Taegyo music of record manufacturing companies, and the teaching materials for gifted children. Among these the mass media is especially taking advantage of Taegyo as its main source of economic profits and leading the public behavior pattern to a prodigal one. Taegyo is a self-control behavior which requires practice for the following : the physical and psychological good health of the pregnant woman and her unborn child, the development of the unborn child's good character, the envelopment of the unborn child's intelligence and talents, the expectation of the unborn child's good features, shape a good habit, the expectation of the unborn child's bright future, and the learning of a parental role, the expectation of male birth. Above all it is a type of our good cultural tradition which pursues a value higher than the one that the prenatal care does. The principles of pregnancy care inherent in the habit of Taegyo will provide us a guideline for the development of the prenatal care.

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  • Gender Differences in Awareness of Preconception Care and Pregnancy
    Dong Sook Cho, Eun Jung Kim, Eun Mi Jun
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2013; 19(4): 219.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Coaching-based Childbirth Program on Anxiety and Childbirth Self-efficacy among Primigravida Women
    Sue Kim, Hee-Sook Kim, Ha-Yoon Cheong
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2011; 17(4): 369.     CrossRef
  • Factors Associated with the Practice of Traditional Prenatal Education (Taegyo) among Pregnant Korean Women
    Young Hee Kim
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2011; 17(5): 491.     CrossRef
  • Effects of aTaegyoProgram on Parent-Fetal Attachment and Parenthood in First Pregnancy Couples
    Kyung Mi Yang, Soon-Lae Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(4): 571.     CrossRef
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A Producing Process for Korean Nursing Knowledge and Discourse on Analytic Prospects
Bong Sook Kwon, Hyoung Sook Park
Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(1):61-70.   Published online March 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.1.61
AbstractAbstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to identify the producing process for Korean nursing knowledge as applied by Foucault's discourse analytic method. By Foucault's discourse analytic method, the problem is not what is knowledge but sort of knowledge is made up through specific level of practice. A Korean body of nursing knowledge had been discussed since 1980. At the end of 19th century, missionaries transplanted western nursing knowledge and method to Korea. Western nursing knowledge and methods have been developed continuously with both merits and demerits to Korean society. Recently our world has be come a global community via advances in transportation and correspondence. Although each person is different in skin color and shape, there is a clear line between Oriental people and Western people. Nursing science is only one in our world, but western humanistic nursing practice based on western world view and human life has limits. It is natural that the Koreans as Oriental people have a systemic nursing science to reveal the specific experiential and concrete body of nursing knowledge rooted in the Korean world view and human life. Nursing science is to understand human being, to promote health, to promote health, to restore health, to alleviate suffering and to search for principles needed throughout all of human life. In Korea, now is the quickening period to shape a Korean body of nursing knowledge because of shortage of nursing language in matters of intellectual recognition, and unfamiliar practical nursing field where there is no familiarity in the system of nursing research methodology. In reviewing articles from the Journal of the Nurses' Academic Society on Korean body of nursing knowledge, it was found that there are two common features. The first, human body and mind are inseparable that is one unit in this world and health is keeping a harmonious relationship between human body and mind. The second, Korean nursing practice is based on human nature and family ties. Accordingly discourse analysis had a good future prospect to produce a Korean body of nursing knowledge for analytic research on body and mind monism and family centered care based on human nature and family ties.

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A Study for the Development of Korean Nursing Theory: A Humanistic Approach based on Shinhyung, Naekyungpyun in Dongeuibogam
Kyung Rim Shin
Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(1):141-155.   Published online March 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.1.141
AbstractAbstract PDF

The universe had its order of yang and yin ; all creation are continuously generated, grow and die, which is the results of the harmonious operation by yang and yin. Among all creation, the human is one of the samjae(three bases of the world, which are heaven, earth, and man) and he is from the combined sukhi(a superior khi) of yang and yin. And human life itself is basically a condensed jonghyul(life blood) and at the same time it is only a transient joining of sadae(the four elements of earth, air, fire and water). Yang and yin, the two axes of the world, therefore, are the most crucial and fundamental concept to explain the generation and extinction of all creation, to understand people in time and space, to find out the reality of human life as an organism, and at last, to observe the state of human health. If so, what is the most essential idea in yang and yin? It is taegeuk(chungkhi) or tao(of one yang and one yin). If the property of heaven and earth is kongon, taegeuk is a khi and tao a principle. And it can be sid that a human body is merely a union of hyung and khi, that human life is an essence of sambo, jeongkhishin, that human health is a harmonized coordination of yang and yin because it is from the combined sukhi of yang and yin because it is from the combined sukhi of yang and yin. Hyung, a vessel for smbo, jeongkhishin, is at the bottom and shin is on the top ; the personality and the disposition of individuals differ according to their working. Thus, on the basis of the above discussion, the following can be offered as some suggestions for Korean Nursing Theory. Though human beings are part of Nature, they are the most eminent microcosm among all creation. So, as a subject for nursing, a person should be understood with khijok kyoryu rather than with logical thinking, then mutual trust between the patient and the nurse can be established. The health of a person on the harmony of yang and yin. To be healthy, a person should consider harmonization with Nature(including his surroundings) as well as a balanced human relationships in society. Moreover, it is crucial for each person to obtain hoshim as a method of mind control rather than to only treat the symptoms of disease.

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The Effect of Circumvaginal Muscle Exercise on Sexual Function in Married Women
Young Sook Lee
Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1996;26(1):148-164.   Published online March 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1996.26.1.148
AbstractAbstract PDF

The effect of circumvaginal muscle (CVM) exercises to improve sexual function in married women has not been investigated by currently acceptable research methods, nor have appropriate instruments and techniques to carry out such investigation been available. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of CVM exercise on sexual function, and of measuring CVM function after CVM exercises. The research tools used were a modified Derogatis Sexual Function Inventory questionnare and a pressure sensitive intravaginal balloon device. This research was conducted in Kwangju-city and Chonnam province, Korea from July, 1994 to July, 1995. The research used a non-equivalent control pre-post test quasi-experimental design. Forty-five healthy married female volunteers, aged 30?8, and were randomly assigned by age using the matching fixed-length blocks to two groups. The experimental group consisted of 21 women who were assigned a 25 -minute per day CVM home exercise program for six weeks. The control group of 24 women did not do the CVM home exercises. The CVM home exercise was developed by Dougherty (1989a) and adopted to Korea by Lee (1993). Data were analyzed by x2-test, Paired t-test, Spearman product-moment correlation using SAS/PC+. The results are summarized as follows: 1. There were no significant differences in the characteristics of the subjects between the exper imental and control groups before the CVM home exercises. 2. Hypothesis 1 that married women who participated in CVM home exercises would have higher mean scores on the sexual function (SF) than in those who did not participate in home exercise was supported. 3. Hypothesis 2 that married women who participated in CVM home exercises would have higher vaginal pressure on SF than in those who did not participate in home exercises was supported (mean maximum pressure, t= -7.338, P<.0001, peak maximum pressure, t=-11.164, P<.0001). 4. Hypothesis 3 that the more often (number of days) and the more frequent (numbers of times per day) that married women do CVM home exercise, the higher their mean scores on SF and vaginal pressures was supported (r =0.233, P<.01; r=0.352, P<.05). A six week CVM home exercise program using a tape recording showed that SF can be improved. Results of this study showed that married women who exercise on a regular basis for six weeks improve their sexual function and increase the mean vaginal pressure and peak maximum pressure (tested by electronic monitor). In conclusion, CVM exercise is effective in increasing SF.

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Nursing Education Systems in Korea, China and the United States of America and its Future Directions
Sung Rae Shin, Kyung Rim Shin, Chun Yu Li
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(7):949-959.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.7.949
AbstractAbstract PDF

BACKGROUND: Korea and the People's Republic of China received their nursing traditions from European and the American missionaries in the late 1800's. However, the stages of nursing education development and its standards are not same among countries. Korea, People's Republic of China and the United States have gone through various internal socio-political, hierarchical changes which impact development of its nursing education systems in the past. PURPOSE AND METHODS: In this paper the authors have endeavored to review undergraduate nursing education systems in Korea, China and the United States in consideration with their unique historical social and political background of its development. Result: Korea has two nursing education systems: associate and baccalaureate. China developed three types of nursing education systems: certificate, associate and baccalaureate. The United States, one of the countries, which nurtured the modern nursing education, has four types of nursing education systems: certificate, associate, diploma and baccalaureate. Furthermore, the authors have discussed on several core and common issues to be considered for future directions on nursing education systems for three countries.

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    Luis Miguel Dos Santos
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    Margaret Purnell, Bernadette Royal, Lyndall Warton
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  • The Role of Nurses in Advancing the Objectives of the Global Compacts for Migration and on Refugees
    Franklin Shaffer, Mukul Bakhshi, Niamh Farrell, Thomas Álvarez
    Nursing Administration Quarterly.2019; 43(1): 10.     CrossRef
  • Global Mobility for Internationally Educated Nurses: Challenges and Regulatory Implications
    Franklin A. Shaffer, Julia To Dutka
    Journal of Nursing Regulation.2013; 4(3): 11.     CrossRef
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Gender Difference in Delinquent Behavior among Korean Adolescents
Hyun Sil Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(4):492-505.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.4.492
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PURPOSE: This paper examined gender differences in a rate, type, relevant variables of delinquent behavior, and a gender differences regarding the relative influence of family,personality, academic achievement, sexual abuse and alcohol drug abuse on delinquent behavior among Korean adolescents. METHOD: Data were collected by self-report questionnaires. Subjects consisted of 2,100 adolescents (male 1,396, female 704) in Korea, using proportional stratified random sampling method. Statistical methods were Chi-square, t-test and path analysis. RESULT: Male adolescents had higher rate of delinquent behavior, and more all types of delinquent behavior (antisocial, aggressive, and psychopathic) than female. Male adolescents showed more dysfunctional family dynamic environments, higher antisocial personality and sociability than female adolescents. Female adolescents had higher depressive tendencies than male. The most powerful contributing variables on male delinquent behavior were age, antisocial personality, parent-child relationship, isolation feelings, and sexual abuse in this order named. Drug abuse, isolation feelings, antisocial personality and parent-child relationship tended to be contributing variables for female delinquent behaviors in this order named. CONCLUSION: This investigation will provides a foundation for theory that addresses the complexities of both gender-specific and gender influences on delinquent behavior and development of preventive strategies for female delinquency.

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  • Adolescents' Attachments to Parents, Teachers, and Friends, and Delinquencies
    Ju-Rhee Lee
    Korean Journal of Human Ecology.2008; 17(4): 563.     CrossRef
  • HIV/AIDS Knowledge, Attitudes, Related Behaviors, and Sources of Information Among Korean Adolescents
    Hyera Yoo, Sun Hae Lee, Bo Eun Kwon, Sulki Chung, Sanghee Kim
    Journal of School Health.2005; 75(10): 393.     CrossRef
  • HIV/AIDS Knowledge, Attitudes, Related Behaviors, and Sources of Information Among Korean Adolescents
    Hyera Yoo, Sun Hae Lee, Bo Eun Kwon, Sulki Chung, Sanghee Kim
    Journal of School Health.2005; 75(10): 393.     CrossRef
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Assessing Decisional Balance toward Mammography Screening in Korean Women
Young Joo Park, Sung Ok Chang, Hyun Cheol Kang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(7):1174-1180.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.7.1174
AbstractAbstract PDF

This cross-sectional survey was carried out to assess the decisional balance of Korean women toward mammography screening. A sample of 1, 903 naturally postmenopausal women was selected from the community-based social groups in town or city hall auxiliaries in seven metropolitan areas and six provinces in Korea. The classification of women according to the stage of adoption of mammography was 54.9% in pre-contemplation, 31.9% in contemplation, 7.8% in action, and 5.5% in maintenance. The mean differences of pros, cons, and the decisional balance by the stage of mammography adoption were statistically significant. There were significant mean differences between the stages of adoption according to a woman's experience with and intention for mammography and the pros score, the cons score, and the decisional balance score. Results provide the empirical evidence for the Transtheoretical model. An association between stages of mammography adoption and decisional balance exists.

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    Seok Won Jin, Yeonggeul Lee, David A. Dia
    Patient Education and Counseling.2019; 102(3): 416.     CrossRef
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Comparison of the Home Care System for the Elderly in Japan and Korea: Towards an Advanced Home Care System
Jeung Im Kim, Sachiyo Murashima
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(7):1166-1173.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.7.1166
AbstractAbstract PDF

The purpose of this study is to provide the directions for the further development of the home care services in Korea, through comparison of the home care system and visiting nursing activities for the elderly in Japan and with those of Korea. The results of this study were summarised as follows: The major difference between the two countries was that Japan emphasised the development of home services by visiting nurse service stations (VNSS), especially in the community. In contrast, Korea has emphasised providing hospital based home care services and assuring the quality of services through the preparation of home care nurses before beginning services. And many elderly in Korea have used a public health center when they have health problems. According to the result, the establishment of a VNSS system and activation of a public health center in the community must be considered as the direction to advance home care systems for the elderly.

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Nursing Education between South and North Korea through Verbal Evidence from Defecting North Korean Medical Personnels
Kyung Rim Shin, Il Ok Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(2):169-179.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.2.169
AbstractAbstract PDF

Recently, there has been an increasing interchange between South Korea and North Korea. Accordingly, there has been active research to understand the society and culture of North Korea, it has been attempted to have comparative study about nursing education to increase understanding between South and North Korea. In the current educational system, 12 years of education is required for entering a nursing college or university in South Korea, but there are only 10 years for entering nursing college in North Korea. After finishing undergraduate studies one can enter graduate school for a masters degree and or a doctoral degree, but there is a longitudinal relation to medical education in North Korea. Regarding the number of nursing educational institutions, there are 50 BSN programs & 61 Diploma programs in South Korea and 11 Diploma programs in North Korea. In regards to curriculum, South Korea has diverse subjects for general education for freshmen, then is subjects to basic specialities sophomore year, and speciality subject and clinical practices from junior year corresponding to the student's intentions. North Korea has minor subjects for general education and basic specialities in freshmen, speciality subjects sophomore year, speciality subjects and clinical practice in the junior year that may not correspond with the student's intentions. The most outstanding difference in the curriculum is North Korea has various subjects for oriental medicine with clinical application. North Korea also does not teach computer science and English is at a very low level. In clinical practice, South Korea has various settings for clinical practice including community health institutions under the nursing professor or clinical instructor. However, North Korea has limited settings for clinical practice (general hospitals) under a doctor's instruction. Also both South and North Korea have a similar licensing system. Therefore, there must be many more studies regarding North Korea, especially in nursing and nursing education in order to decrease differences and confusion between the Koreas and to prepare for a future unification.

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    Jung Hee Jeon, Kon Hee Kim
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    Sang Hui Chu, Jinsook Kim
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    Younhee Kang, Insook Yang, Eliza Lee, Chohee Bang
    International Nursing Review.2022; 69(4): 503.     CrossRef
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    Bon-Kyeong Koo, Sei Ick Joo, Dai-Joong Kim, In-Ho Jang
    The Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2020; 52(1): 83.     CrossRef
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Recovery outcomes of Korean adolescents with substance Abuse problems
Myung Sun Hyun
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(7):1658-1666.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.7.1658
AbstractAbstract PDF

Recovery in substance abuse has been simplistically measured; a more comprehensive understanding of recovery outcomes is needed. This study therefore explored recovery outcomes of Korean adolescents with substance abuse by qualitative research. The recovery was found to occur in several domains; they included reconciliation with the self, hope for the future, reconciliation with family, self-liberation, socialization, conventional norm pursuit, and a struggle for realistic independence. An understanding of the recovery process and recovery outcomes may provide guidance for clinical interventions with substance abuse adolescents.

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Effect of Korean Traditional Dance Movement Training on Balance, Gait and Leg Strength in Home Bound Elderly Women
Mi Yang Jeon, Myoung Ae Choe, Young Ran Chae
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(3):647-658.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.3.647
AbstractAbstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Korean traditional dance movement training on balance, gait and leg strength in elderly women who are forced to remain at home. Fifteen elderly women of an experimental group between the ages 65 and 75 years who have normal vision and passed the hearing and Romberg test, participated in the 12 weeks' dance movement training. Fourteen subjects of a control group were selected. Korean traditional dance movement training was developed on the basis of Korean traditional dance and music by the authors. It took approximately 50 minutes to perform the dance movement program. The subjects of the experimental group practiced dance training for 3 times a week during 12 weeks. During the 50 minutes workout, the subjects practiced 15 minutes of a warm-up dance, 25 minutes of a conditioning dance, and 10 minutes of a cool-down dance. The intensity for the conditioning phase was between 60% and 65% of age-adjusted maximum heart rates. The balance, gait and leg strength were measured prior to and after the experimental treatment. Total balance scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Scores of sternal nudge, one leg standing balance and reaching up among 13 items have significantly increased after the dance movement training. Total scores of gait of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group following the korean traditional dance movement training. Scores of experimental group in step height, path deviation and turning while walking among 9 items have increased significantly following 12 weeks of dance movement training. The leg strength of experimental group was significantly higher than those of the control group following the Korean traditional dance movement training. The balance, gait and leg strength have significantly correlated in the experimental group following the Korean traditional dance movement training. The results suggest that Korean traditional dance movement training can improve balance, gait and leg strength in home bound elderly women.

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A study of Stress Reaction, Symptoms of Stress, Health Promoting Behavior, and Quality of Life in Korean Immigrant Middle Aged Women
Kuem Sun Han
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(3):606-618.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.3.606
AbstractAbstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to identify the level of Symptoms of Stress, Stress Reaction, Health Promoting Behavior, and Quality of Life in Korean Immigrant Middle Aged Women. The subjects of this study were 33 middle aged women who live in Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. Data collection was performed at the U.W from Oct. 1998 to May. 1999. Data collection time was one hour and data was collected through 4 types of questionnaires : SOS, Health Promoting Behaviors, Quality of Life and Demographic data form, and the Physiologic Stress Profile was collected by J&J I-410 biofeedback equipment. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and the pearson correlation coefficient using the SAS program. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The level of physiological stress reaction and stress symptoms showed high level and quality of life showed low in general. 2. The Stress Reaction and Symptoms of Stress showed significant negative correlation with health promoting behavior, quality of life in the middle aged women. 3. The health promoting behavior showed significant positive correlation with quality of life in the middle aged women. In conclusion, the physiological stress reaction, symptoms of stress, and health promoting behavior were major influencing factor to quality of life in Korean Immigrant Women. From the results of the study, the following recommendations are presented as follow: 1. It is suggested that the study for developing the health promotion program focused on stress self-regulation for Korean immigrant women. 2. It is suggested that the comparative study for Korean immigrant women and Women in Korea. 3. It is necessary to broaden the scope of nursing practice for middle aged healthy women, so nurses can include a health promotion program focused on stress self-regulating as part of nursing care.

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    Ae-Hwa Jaung, Hye-Jin Kim, Hyun-Ja Jeong
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2011; 12(12): 5509.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of Health Locus of Control, Depression, Wellbeing, and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II in Middle Aged Korean and Korean-American Women
    Eun Hee Lee, Ae Young So, Kyung Sook Lee
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2010; 16(2): 157.     CrossRef
  • Health Behavioral Patterns Associated with Psychologic Distress Among Middle-Aged Korean Women
    Hye-Sook Shin, Jia Lee, Kyung-Hee Lee, Young-A Song
    Asian Nursing Research.2007; 1(1): 61.     CrossRef
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Traditional Concept of Health in Korea
Jin Hyang Yang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(1):72-83.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.1.72
AbstractAbstract PDF

This study purports to review traditional health concepts of Korea by age, and to compare them to health concepts defined in western societies. Furthermore the study offers these results as the basis of construction for Korean nursing theory. Literature for the review were traditional health books published in Korea. These books are Euibangyoochui, Hyangyakjibsungbang, Dongeuibogam, Eiyangpyun, Dongeuisoosebowon, & Hwangjaenaekyung. In addition, articles that studied traditional literature or Korean medical history were reviewed when no publication of a primary source was available. In ancient Korean society, health was viewed as a 'good relationship or harmony with a supernatural subject', 'harmony of earth, water, fire, and air', and a 'long life with no illness'. The treatment aspect of medicine was emphasized in the middle-aged society. The health concepts in the pre-modern society included such concepts as 'jeongkhibojeon', 'adjustment to the nature', 'harmony between yang and yin', 'strengthening of jeongkhishin', 'circulation of owoonyookchi', 'kyungjok mind-body state' and 'jeongshimjeonghang'. Major health concepts in western literature were 'adaptation', 'role performance', 'actualization of human potential', 'adaptation and actualization of potential', and 'comfort'. Traditional health concepts of Korea focus on principles. They deliver abstract meanings, which make their measures uneasy. They believe in holism and unity with nature and especially emphasize the mental aspect. On the other hand, health concepts of western societies focus on phenomena. Their meanings are somewhat concrete, which make their measurements relatively easy. They see a person adapts positively to the environment as an independent being from the environment. These concepts have biopsychosocial aspects with no partial emphasis in the mental aspects. These traditional concepts of health were classified into two main perspectives. One is the unity of heaven & man, and the other is the unity of mind and body. The former perspective is based on the main concept of Chi. The latter has the main concept of ruling of the mind. The two main concepts discussed above need further examination for development of a nursing theory for Korean society. The application of circulation of Chi needs balance and harmony, and the application of ruling of mind needs temperance.

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  • Health Concept and Health Promotion Process Among Korean Migrant Women
    Chiyoung Cha
    Health Care for Women International.2013; 34(8): 628.     CrossRef
  • Asian Medicine and Holistic Aging
    Kwang-hee Park
    Pastoral Psychology.2011; 60(1): 73.     CrossRef
  • A Study of Yangsaeng and Dietary Practices Among Korean Women
    Jin Hyang Yang, Kyung Rim Shin
    Nursing Science Quarterly.2003; 16(1): 83.     CrossRef
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Factors related to Continuous Participation in the Pap Smear Screening among Korean Women: using a Structural Model
So Mi Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(1):160-170.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.1.160
AbstractAbstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to develop an explanatory model to predict factors related to continuous participation in the Pap smear screening among Korean women. A hypothetical model was constructed on the basis of Health Belief Model and extensive review of literature on the Pap smear screening. Exogeneous variables included in this model were knowledge, perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, negative and positive emotional responses and professional support from physicians and nurses. Endogeneous variables were threat to cervical cancer, perceived benefit of the Pap smear screening, perceived barrier, and the final outcome variable was continuous participation in the Pap smear screening. The hypothetical model was tested with an empirical study. The data was collected from 623 married women whose age range was 24 - 83 using a self-reported survey questionnaire which was developed by the researcher. It's Cronbach's alpha score ranged from .6478 to .9118. Data was collected at different locations in Seoul; a university hospital, a local health center, and apartment complexes. Data analysis was done using SPSS 7.5 WIN Program for descriptive statistics and LISREL 8.12a WIN Program for covariance structural analysis. In conclusion, threat, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, positive emotion and professional support had a significant direct effect on continuous participation in the Pap smear screening among Korean women. The
results
of this study also showed that perceived barrier had the most significant direct effect on continuous participation in the Pap smear screening while negative emotional response had the most significant direct effect on perceived barrier. It can be suggested that decreasing perceived barrier by reducing negative emotional responses may be the most effective strategies for increasing continuous participation in the Pap smear screening among married Korean women.

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  • Health behaviors related to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the associated factors of adolescent Korean girls
    SoMi Park, ChaeWeon Chung
    Women & Health.2018; 58(8): 915.     CrossRef
  • Knowledge Level of Human Papillomavirus, Cervical Cancer and Vaccination Status among Mothers with Daughters in High School
    Myung-Sook Yoo
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2014; 20(1): 105.     CrossRef
  • Predictors Associated with Repeated Papanicolaou Smear for Cervical Cancer Screening
    Eun-Joo Lee, Jeong-Sook Park
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2013; 13(1): 28.     CrossRef
  • Pap Smear Screening Participation Behavior and Related Factors in Married Immigrant Women
    So Young Kim, So Young Choi
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2010; 16(3): 255.     CrossRef
  • Identifying barriers to Papanicolaou smear screening in Korean women: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005
    Su Jeong Park, Woong-Sub Park
    Journal of Gynecologic Oncology.2010; 21(2): 81.     CrossRef
  • Context of barriers to Pap testing in Korean women
    SoMi Park, SoonBok Chang, ChaeWeon Chung
    Applied Nursing Research.2006; 19(4): 177.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Cognition‐Emotion 
Focused Program to Increase 
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    SoMi Park, SoonBok Chang, ChaeWeon Chung
    Public Health Nursing.2005; 22(4): 289.     CrossRef
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The Development of Korean Nursing Alternative
Kyong Rim Shin
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(6):1403-1418.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.6.1403
AbstractAbstract PDF

Nursing is a discipline that helps to understand human being, to mitigate pains in life by promoting and recovering health, and to study the basic principles in sustaining and preserving life. To understand man and thus to nurse, it is essential to take the way of life of the specific person, his/her ideas, and natural environment into consideration. This means, the temperament, geography, environment and society peculiar to Korea have formed its own culture distinguished from those of other people. Thoughts and philosophy develop as a products of the specific culture and society. Therefore, accurate understanding of the concepts of nursing in the traditional thoughts and philosophy is indispensible to define Korean nursing. Modern Korean nursing at first rooted in the westernized nursing and western nursing intervention has been applied ever since its introduction in the late 19th century under the paradigm of western natural science. However, Koreans in the past made use of alternative therapy which put its emphasis on the organic and holistic view of life as well as a means for traditional medicine and nursing. This alternative therapy has been largely ignored since the introduction of western medical science, and was considered something used only by the aged or the uneducated. Moreover, Health concerned practices and customary traditional therapy have been discarded in the clinical medicine as "unscientific" or "unsystematic". As described above, it is true that Korean nursing has developed in the quantitative aspect only adhering to western nursing intervention. Now it is the time to stop to hold ourself and to look back our past. To find and develop the originality of Korean nursing to cope with the globalization, it is necessary to rediscover nursing (alternative) therapy in Korean culture ignored so far. For this purpose, this study examines the oriental philosophy to explore alternative nursing theory now under development. Also it aims to present ways to apply alternative therapy to nursing education, research and clinical practices and ultimately to show the desirable direction of the nursing to go in the future. Yangsaeng theory of Taoism and Yin-yang, Oh-hang(five elements) and khi theory in Dongeuibogam which gave enormous influences on Korean medical culture and treatment together with Sahsang(four temperaments) emphasized in Dongeuisusebowon will be examined as conceptual framework. Concepts of nursing are categorized into views on each the universe, the human being and nursing. Views on human being is classified into subcategories of body, life, health, and disease. Also it emphasizes the necessity of including alternative therapy in nursing intervention. Views on the universe is classified into yin-yang, khi, and temperament. Nursing will be available anywhere and easily accessible with this new nursing intervention. Trying to give a new thoughts to all those traditional concepts and alternative therapy, this article suggests the necessity of developing original Korean nursing theory and nursing intervention.

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    Jihye Nam, Hyejin Lee, Seunghyeon Lee, Hyojung Park
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  • Effects of Moxibustion on Physiological Indices and Autonomic Nervous Symptoms in Adults with Prehypertension
    Soon Hee Cho
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(5): 686.     CrossRef
  • Trends of Doctoral Dissertations in Nursing Science: Focused on Studies Submitted Since 2000
    Hyunsook Shin, Kyung-Mi Sung, Seok Hee Jeong, Dae-Ran Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(1): 74.     CrossRef
  • Mapping of Nursing Records Into the NIC and the ICNP in a Korean Oriental-Medicine Hospital
    EUNJOO LEE, MIKYOUNG LEE, OK BUN JUNG
    CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2006; 24(6): 346.     CrossRef
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Neglecting and Ignoring Menopause Within A Gendered Multiple Transitional Context: Low Income Korean Immigrant Women
Eun Ok Im
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(6):1336-1354.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.6.1336
AbstractAbstract PDF

Researchers have rarely explored menopausal experience in the context of the totality of women's lives, subsequently making the picture of menopause incomplete, discrete and fragmented. Respecting the totality of women's lives, this study addressed how a vulnerable group of women-low income Korean immigrant women-experience menopause within a context of multiple transitions. This is a cross- sectional study using methodological triangulation. A sample of 119 first-generation Korean immigrant women aged 40 to 60 years, who were in low-income jobs, was recruited using convenience sampling methods. From the total sample, 21 peri- or post- menopausal women were recruited for in-depth interviews following the collection of the survey data. Questionnaires, short interviews, and in- depth interviews were used to collect data. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Thematic analysis was used to interpret interview data. The findings indicate that menopause was given the lowest priority amidst women's multiple and demanding roles within a gendered multiple transitional (immigration, work and menopause) context. The lack of language clarity to describe women's experience, cultural background, inadequate knowledge, and lack of social supports made menopause hidden, invisible, and inaudible. Conclusions and implications for nursing practice are guided by the goal of understanding women's experiences and meanings of menopause and supporting women through reflecting these experiences into their health care.

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  • Practical Guidelines for Feminist Research in Nursing
    Eun-Ok Im
    Advances in Nursing Science.2013; 36(2): 133.     CrossRef
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Reliability, Validity, and Cultural Relevancy of the Korean Version of the POMS
Hae Ok Lee, Katherin Lee, Ginger C V Kohlman
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(5):1147-1154.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.5.1147
AbstractAbstract PDF

The Profile of Mood States (POMS) is the most widely used self-report instrument for the measurement of affect or mood in clinical and nonclinical populations. This paper reports on the translation and testing of a Korean version of the POMS. The translation involved three steps: translation, checking agreement, and panel discussions to arrive at consensus. Then, the Korean version of the POMS was tested with a sample of 47 healthy Koreans who lived in the U.S.: they completed the instrument in the morning, at the beginning of work and in the evening, at the end of work. Internal consistencies for the total scale and subscales were high(alphas= .93 and .94). Face and content validity and the cultural relevance of the Korean version of the POMS were tested through review by five bilingual Korean nursing scholars who were familiar with Korean version of the POMS was then compared with Haeok Fatigue Behavior Check-list and demonstrating significant concurrent validity (r= .87, p<.001). Construct validity was established by demonstrating significant differences between the scores on the scores on the Fatigue and Vigor subscales (p< .001) at the beginning work and at the end of work.

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  • The Effect of Colour on the Anchoring Heuristic in Consumer Decision Making

    Journal of European Psychology Students.2014; 5(3): 19.     CrossRef
  • Emotional Reaction of Psychiatric Nurses and Resident Physicians toward Suicidal Behavior in Psychiatric Inpatients
    In-Woo Jung, Soo Yang
    Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2011; 20(4): 365.     CrossRef
  • Spirituality, Depression, Living Alone, and Perceived Health Among Korean Older Adults in the Community
    Kwang Soo You, Hae-Ok Lee, Joyce J. Fitzpatrick, Susie Kim, Eiji Marui, Jung Su Lee, Paul Cook
    Archives of Psychiatric Nursing.2009; 23(4): 309.     CrossRef
  • Verification of the profile of mood states‐brief: Cross‐cultural analysis
    Eun Ja Yeun, Kay KongBum Shin‐Park
    Journal of Clinical Psychology.2006; 62(9): 1173.     CrossRef
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An Analytical Study on Health-Promoting Lifestyle Patterns and Associated Variables of Korean Immigrant Elderly in Seattle
Kyeong Yae Sohng, Hye A Yeom
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(5):1058-1071.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.5.1058
AbstractAbstract PDF

Although healthy lifestyle have been proved as an effective way of improving higher well-beings for individuals, researches on health -promoting behaviors of minority elderly with a specific ethnic heritage have been sparsely tried. This study was designed to explore health-promoting lifestyle patterns of Korean immigrant elderly living in Seattle. USA and its relationships with two associated elderly were recruited from two senior centers and interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Data were collected from October 1998 to January 1999, and analyzed using SPSS program through which t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficients were tested. As the results, the mean HPLP score of the Korean immigrant elderly was 2.54 (SD =.36), showing significant differences by education (F=3.61, P=.016), economic status (F=3.01, P=.034), and current health status (F=3.69, P=.008). In self-esteem, two socioecomic variables showed statistical association with self-esteem; martial status (t= 2.47, P=.015) and living situation (F= 4.03, P= .021). The HPLP subscales that showed higher mean scores were nutrition (M=3.01, SD= .52) and interpersonal support (M= 2.65, SD= .47) while lower mean scores were detected in the domain of excercise (M= 1.92, SD= .74) and stress management (M= 2.26, SD= .47). Perceived health status revealed significant positive correlation with health-promoting lifestyle patterns (r= .19, P=.043) and self-esteem (r= .19, P= .043) and self-esteem (r= .32, P= .001) in the present study. It is concluded that engagement in health-promoting lifestyle patterns should be actively encouraged to enhance personal health of Korean immigrant elderly. Developing health promotion programs focused on exercise and stress management is also imperatively suggested not only for better health practices of Korean immigrant elderly population but also for enhancing their level of well-beings and life satisfaction.

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Identification of Attributes Constituiting Korean Social Support: Based on Middle Aged Women
Ka Sil Oh, Kyong Ok Oh, Jeong Ah Kim, Sook Ja Lee, Hee Soon Kim, Chu Ja Jeong, Young Joo Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(4):780-789.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.4.780
AbstractAbstract PDF

This study was conducted to identify the attributes constituting Korean social support and to validate the results of the previous study 'Search for the meaning of social support in Korean Society.' The informants were 41 Korean middle-aged women in three cities : Seoul, Dagjun and Daeku. The data were collected through indepth interviews using the interview guide from Jun. 1994 to Jun. 1995. The interview guide was developed in the simulated situations of 'Stroke attack' which expected to be in need of social support. The women were asked to answer what they felt and the appropriated terms representing the situations. Data analysis were conducted by content analysis. consequently, the Koran social support pyramid was modified as follows ; Support is the apex of the pyramid. The four sides of the pyramid are made up of 'Jung'(Bound by ties of affection, regard or shared common experience, Connectedness), Do-oom(both emotional and material help), Mi-dum(Faith or belief in) and Sa-Rang(Love). The base of the pyramid is 'yun'(the basic network of relationships in Korean culture) that connote the meaning of Eunhae(Benevolence), Euimu(duty, responsibility) and Dori(obligation).

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  • The Effects of Family Values and Expectation for Social Support on Marriage Intention Among Male and Female College Students
    Juhee Park
    Journal of Korean Home Management Association.2016; 34(4): 21.     CrossRef
  • A Study on Social Support Networks for Each Life-cycle Stage of Adults
    Chu-Ja Jeong, Sun-Ock Lee, Jung-Hee Kang, Jeong Ah Kim, Hye-Ryoung Kim, Kyong-Ok Oh, Sook-Ja Lee, Hoa-Yun Jun, Sung Kyung Hong
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2012; 18(3): 436.     CrossRef
  • experience of social support among working mothers: a concept map
    A Young Phang, Ki‐Hak Lee
    Journal of Employment Counseling.2009; 46(4): 147.     CrossRef
  • Psychometric Evaluation of the Korean Social Support Questionnaire
    Kasil Oh, Kyong-Ok Oh, Sook-Ja Lee, Jeong-Ah Kim, Chu-Ja Jeong, Hye-Ryoung Kim, Hoa-Yun Jun, Jung-Hee Kang
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(6): 881.     CrossRef
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Health Care Status of First Generation Korean Immigrants in New Zealand
Eun Sook Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(1):183-195.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.1.183
AbstractAbstract PDF

The purpose of this study is to describe the health care status of Korean Immigrants in New Zealand. The sample consisted of 155 Koreans who were randomly selected from the Korean Immigrants telephone book in Auckland, N.Z. They had health problems that required health management both physically(50.3%) and psychologically(70.3%). During the previous year, the average rate of medical contact with a general practitioner was 1+/-1.29 times. Korean immigrants who had health problems first attempted to resolve the problem through self medication rather than utilize health care services. They would only visit a general practitioner if they had severe subjective symptoms or no relief from self medication. Even if they think they need to visit the health care service, 41.9% of the subjects did not go back for follow-up care. Generally, the person who demonstrated positive health care behaviors was male, a college level graduate or higher, lived in N.Z. longer than 2 years, had a high score on health status by self assessment, and he placed few demands on health care services. Barriers to a healthy lifestyle are communication difficulties in expressing subjective symptoms, understanding the physician's treatment and medication plans, difficulty in accessing the appointment system, ant the high cost of service.

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  • Depression and the Influencing Factors in Korean American Immigrants.
    Jeongyee Bae, Hyunjoo Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2010; 19(1): 67.     CrossRef
  • Embracing New Lives as Korean Immigrants in Canada: A Grounded Theory
    Jeongyee Bae, Rosel L. Panuncio
    Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2010; 19(4): 466.     CrossRef
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The Study on Health Behavior among Korean Adults
Ae Kyung Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(4):931-940.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.4.931
AbstractAbstract PDF

This study was done to describe health behavior and determine affecting factors in Korean adults, based on the Health Behavior Assessment tool. The subjects were sample of 298 adults from five cities. The instrument for this study were Health Behavior Assessment tool(30 items, 4scale). Frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, cluster analysis with SPSS program were used to analyze the data. The results of the study are as follows; 1) The average item score for health behavior was 2.56, the highest score on the subscale was limitation of liking(M=3.16), followed by stress management(M=2.98), nutrition(M=2.82), energy conservation(M=2.67). 2) A significant difference between age, sex, perception of health, and health behavior were found. 3) Pattern of health behavior among Korean adults focused on stress management in order to obtain emotional stability, and balance and harmony in dietary life, and energy conservation. Patterns of health behavior in Korean adults is unique in each individual. Therefore nursing intervention skill for health promotion have to be developed based on the health behavior in each individual.

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  • Health Behaviors by Job Stress Level in Large-Sized Company with Male and Female Workers
    Hyunju Park, Hye-Sun Jung
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(6): 852.     CrossRef
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Development of Health Behavior Assessment Tool of the Korean Adults
Ae Kyung Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(3):540-549.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.3.540
AbstractAbstract PDF

This study has been designed to develop a health behavior scale. Data were collected through a survey over a period of two period. Subjects who participated in the study were 298 Korean adults. The author used a convenience sampling method. The analysis of the data was done with SPSS PC for descriptive statistics and factor analysis. Initially 34 items were generated from the interview data of twenty one adults and from literature review and survey. This preliminary scale was analyzed for a reliability and validity. The results are as follow: 1. Crombach Coefficient alpha for the 30 items was .7909. 2. Factor analysis was done in order to confirm construct validity and nine factor were extracted from the results. These contributed 54.4% of the variance in the total score. 3. Nine factor label were 'exercise' stress management' 'energy conservation' 'limit in liking' 'selection of food' 'ingestion of natural food' ' health examination' 'relaxation' and 'nutrition'. The author suggest that this scale could be adequately applied in assessing the health behavior of Korean adults. The results of using this scale in a study can contribute to designing an appropriate health promotion strategy.

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The Nature of Korean Elder's Reminiscence: A Phenomenological Approach
Eun Jeong Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(2):498-509.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.2.498
AbstractAbstract PDF

The phrases such as elders' powerless soliloquy or stammering and their positions unadjusted to the real world are, so far, one of negative views on elder's reminiscences. In other words, it means that elders can get psychological consolation from the getting themselves absorbed in their past. The starting point of this study is, however, that elders' reminiscence are their own mode of the existence. This dissertation is studied through Van Manen's phenomenological research method. The aim of this study is to examine the nature of Korean elders' reminiscing content in everyday life of elders. The research participants consist of the ten elders who are community elders, hospitalized elders and nursing home residents. The period of the research is about a year from Jan., 1996 to Feb., 1997. The results of this study are as follows : The natures of elders' reminiscences are the regretting on their life, mitigating the regrets, the confirmation of the powers and the confirmation of their life's mark. The regretting on their life is the starting point of elders's reminiscences. elders have tried to examine their life through reflection on their life that they did not live good life as son and daughter for parents and as parents for children and that they have foolishly lived, on dream that they did not come true, on their learning that they did not unsatisfied. But elders mitigate the regrets. They have felt their limitations of power in the conflict of human relation, the economic matter and the difficult predicament, and have finally accepted their life as it is by congesting from their tenacity. It is dynamically found that both the regretting on their life and mitigating of the regret. And they pursuit the powers. It means the pursuit of the vital powers, the vigorous powers and the competency. Elders have pursued their vitality, vigor and competency through their reminiscences and have wanted to be recognized by others as a powerful being. These have dynamic and compounded aspects. The confirmation of their life's mark refer to through their own situation of health, condition, children, neighbourhood and doing their duty as a human. Elders have confirmed the present value of their being through the reflecting the present, past self, other men around themselves, children, neighborhood and the doing their human duty as a good men. Therefore the results of this study can offer new view on the elders' reminiscences that we have to understand the as a process as what they are, escaping from the simple logic that elders' reminiscence have a positive or a negative effects. Also, this study which have examined the natures of Korean elders' reminiscences can cast a new light on elders' nursing proper for Korean culture.

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A Comparison of Hospitals Nursing Practice in Korea and the U.S. as Experienced by Korean Nurses
Myung Sun Yi
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(1):60-69.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.1.60
AbstractAbstract PDF

Since the introduction of Western concept of nursing to Korea in late 1880s, Korean nursing practice has evolved into Korean culture. The purpose of this study was to explore and identify similarities and differences in hospital nursing practice between Korea and the United States using the grounded theory method. The data were gathered from 15 Korean nurses working in U.S. hospitals using semi-structured, in-depth interview method. Major similarities in nursing practice between Korea and U.S. existed in the 7 domains the Benner indicated in 1984. The nursing administration system was also similar in both countries. On the other hand, differences existed in how nurses execute these domains of nursing practice. These are the roles of nurses, nurse aides and family members, and the interpersonal relationships, and problem presentation and problem-solving strategies. American family members rarely participated in the patient's bedside nursing care, while Korean family members actively participated. American nurse aide participated in direct patient care, while Korean nurse aides did not. Also Korean nurses were participated more in administering and managing the patient's diagnostic and treatment modalities, while American nurses focused on the needs and demands of the patient. In terms of interpersonal relationships, American patients were more self-centered and demanding than Korean. American nurses focused more on the right of individuals while Korean nurses were more oriented to harmony with the coworkers. With inferiors and superiors, American members were more egalitarian, while Koreans tended to be hierarchical. In ways of suggesting problems, American nurses tended to pick out the problems more frequently than Korean nurses did. As to ways to solve the problems, American nurses relied heavily on explicit verbal explanations, while Korean nurses relied more on bodily action and behaviors. The results of this comparative study contribute to nursing by adding knowledge on the theory of culture care by describing the similarities and differences in nursing practice between Korea and the United States.

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  • Clinical Work Experience of Korean Immigrant Nurses in U.S. Hospitals
    Kumsook Seo, Miyoung Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2016; 46(2): 238.     CrossRef
  • Comparing Organizational Commitment, Nursing Organization Culture, and Job Satisfaction of Korean Nurses Working in Korea and the U.S.
    Young Im Kim, Hyo Geun Geun
    Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2015; 24(1): 19.     CrossRef
  • The Impact of Acculturation and Social Support on Mental Health among Korean-American Registered Nurses
    Kumsook Seo, Miyoung Kim, Gunjeong Lee, Jinhwa Park, Jungmin Yoon
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2013; 25(2): 157.     CrossRef
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The Influence of Culture on the Experiences of Korean, Korean American, and Caucasian-American Family Caregivers of Frail Older Adults: A Literature Review
Eun Hi Kong
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(2):213-220.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.2.213
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this review is to explore cultural influences on the experiences of Korean, Korean American, and Caucasian American family caregivers caring for frail older adults in terms of the selection of a primary caregiver, caregiving motivation, support/help-seeking, and negative emotional responses(depression and burden).

Methods

Seven electronic databases were searched to retrieve studies from 1966 to 2005. Thirty-two studies were identified.

Results

This review supported cultural influences on the selection of primary caregiver, caregiving motivation, and support/help-seeking among the three caregiver groups. In Korean caregivers, the major primary caregivers were daughters-in-law while among Korean American and Caucasian American caregivers, the major primary caregivers were daughters or spouses. As a major caregiving motivation, Caucasian American caregivers reported filial affection while Korean caregivers and Korean American caregivers reported filial obligation. Korean caregivers reported higher extended family support, while Caucasian American caregivers reported higher utilization of formal support. Korean caregivers showed the highest levels of depression followed by Korean American caregivers and Caucasian American caregivers.

Conclusion

In order to develop culturally appropriate interventions and policies, more research is needed to further explain these differences among the three groups, especially regarding support/help-seeking and negative emotional responses.

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Discriminative Factor Analysis of Juvenile Delinquency in South Korea
Hyun Sil Kim, Hun Soo Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(8):1315-1323.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.8.1315
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The present study was intended to compare difference in research variables between delinquent adolescents and student adolescents, and to analyze discriminative factors of delinquent behaviors among Korean adolescents.

Methods

The research design of this study was a questionnaire survey. Questionnaires were administered to 2,167 adolescents (1,196 students and 971 delinquents), sampled from 8 middle and high school and 6 juvenile corrective institutions, using the proportional stratified random sampling method. Statistical methods employed were Chi-square, t-test, and logistic regression analysis.

Results

The discriminative factors of delinquent behaviors were smoking, alcohol use, other drug use, being sexually abused, viewing time of media violence and pornography. Among these discriminative factors, the factor most strongly associated with delinquency was smoking (odds ratio: 32.32). That is, smoking adolescent has a 32-fold higher possibility of becoming a delinquent adolescent than a non-smoking adolescent.

Conclusions

Our findings, that smoking was the strongest discriminative factor of delinquent behavior, suggest that educational strategies to prevent adolescent smoking may reduce the rate of juvenile delinquency. Antismoking educational efforts are therefore urgently needed in South Korea.

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Korean Immigrant Women's Meanings of Breast, Breast Cancer, and Breast Cancer Screenings
Eunyoung Eunice Suh
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(4):604-611.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.4.604
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

Koreans are one of the fastest growing Asian populations in the U.S. since 1960s. In Korean immigrant women (KIW), breast cancer was reported as the most frequently diagnosed cancer. However, their screening rates for breast cancer are lower than national guidelines; it is assumed that underlying cultural schemas of breast, breast cancer, and its screening modalities exist and need to be studied. This study was aimed to investigate cultural meanings of breast, breast cancer, and breast cancer screenings in KIW.

Methods

Using cultural models theory from cognitive anthropology, naturalistic qualitative methodology was utilized. Three focus group interviews with fifteen KIW were conducted. Thematic analysis with constant comparison technique was performed eliciting units of meaning, categories, and themes.

Results

The cultural schema of the meaning of breast is “mother who is breast-feeding her baby,” with two themes of “balance in size,” and “shyness.” Regarding breast cancer, three themes, i.e., “indifference,” “fear,” and “uncertainty” are emerged. “Lack of information about screening modalities” is the overarching schema with reference to breast cancer screenings.

Conclusions

The findings of this study demonstrate unique cultural models of KIW related to breast cancer and its screenings, which are critical to understand and penetrate their barriers to breast cancer screening.

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    Jeonghee Ahn, Eunyoung E Suh
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Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Community-Dwelling Elderly in Korea
Eun Hyun Lee, Ki Hong Chun, Yunhwan Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(8):1508-1513.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.8.1508
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

This study was done to identify the prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and BPHrelated symptoms among community-dwelling elderly men in Korea. In addition, quality of life and health care-seeking behavior were explored.

Methods

A total of 417 elderly men were surveyed using the IPSS (International Prostatic Symptom Score) and a structured questionnaire on health care-seeking behaviors.

Results

The prevalence of BPH was 19.7%. Of those with BPH, 80.3% reported mild symptoms, 13.2% moderate symptoms, and 6.5% severe symptoms. The severity of BPH-related symptoms was significantly correlated with quality of life. Among those with BPH, 42.7% had never consulted with anyone about their symptoms.

Conclusions

BPH has emerged as a serious public health problem in elderly men. Elderly people who experience worse symptoms of BPH have a lower quality of life. Many elderly with BPH do not seek health care, mainly due to misconceptions about BPH. The provision of educational programs for BPH may significantly improve the quality of life of elderly men.

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    Jeong Sun Kim, Vit Na Moon
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The Relation of Trait anger and Anger Expression to Cardiovascular Responses and Depression in Middle-aged Korean Women
Young Joo Park, Soonim Baik, Younghee Choi, Hyunjeong Shin, Sohyun Moon, Soonyong Khim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(7):1371-1378.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.7.1371
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was designed to examine the relation of trait anger and anger expression to blood pressure, cholesterol, and depression in middle-aged Korean women.

Methods

This descriptive correlational design was conducted using a convenient sample taken from the health center of K University Hospital located in Kyungki province, Korea. The subjects were 252 women aged 40 to 64 years. Spielberger's state trait anger expression inventory - Korean version and Beck's depression inventory were used for measuring trait anger, state anger, anger expression and depression. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation, two-way ANOVA, and cluster analysis using a pc-SAS program.

Results

The anger expression types by cluster analysis were Anger out/in type, Low anger expression type, and Anger control type. The level of cholesterol and depression were significantly higher in women with high anger in and high trait anger. In addition, the level of depression was significantly higher in women with a high anger temperament.

Conclusions

Trait anger and anger in might be related to cholesterol and depression in women. However, this study does not reveal the relation between blood pressure and trait anger and anger expression.

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    Min Ji Kim, Eun Suk Choi
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    Young Mi Lim, In Chul Jung, Bok Nam Seo
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  • Patterns of Anger Expression among Middle-aged Korean Women: Q methodology
    Yong Mi Lee, Geun Myun Kim
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    Il-Rim Choi
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    So-Hyun Moon, Young-Joo Park
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Fatigue and Its Related Factors in Korean Patients on Hemodialysis
Hye Ryoung Kim, Gwi Ryung Son
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(4):701-708.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.4.701
AbstractAbstract
Purpose

This study examined the characteristics of fatigue and the relationship between fatigue and its related factors in Korean patients on hemodialysis.

Methods

A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted with 104 patients on hemodialysis in Seoul, Korea.

Finding

Of a total of 104 subjects, eighty-one (77.9%) complained of fatigue. Fatigue severity was measured by the self-rating Visual Analogue Scale-Fatigue (VAS-F) with a mean score of 36.5 (SD=17.49, range 2 - 81). The mean duration of fatigue was 3.8 hours (SD=5.3, range 0 - 24). Depression was most significantly correlated with fatigue (beta=.43, p<.00), with interdialytic weight gain (beta=.25, p<.05) being the second most significant correlate.

Conclusion

This study shows that nursing interventions for patients who experience fatigue while on hemodialysis should be focused on both psychological problems, such as depression, as well as on physiological problems, such as interdialytic weight gain.

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    Sudabeh Ahmadidarrehsima, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Hossein Ebrahimi, Maryam Keramati, Mostafa Dianatinasab
    Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Zahra Royani, Ghanbar Roohi, Zahra Sabzi, Hamideh Mancheri, Einollah Mollaei
    Journal of Research Development in Nursing and Midwifery.2017; 14(2): 65.     CrossRef
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    Mi‐Kyoung Cho
    Nursing & Health Sciences.2013; 15(1): 86.     CrossRef
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Risk Factors for Falls among the Community-Dwelling Elderly in Korea
Kyeong Yae Sohng, Jung Soon Moon, Hae Hiang Song, Kwang Soo Lee, Young Sook Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(8):1483-1490.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.8.1483
AbstractAbstract PDF

Community-based centres were surveyed to determine the frequency of and risk factors for falls among elderly Koreans. We examined fall-related risk factors, including physiological and physical health, psychosocial functions, self-reported physical capacity and activity, vision, and the use of medication, among 351 elderly people aged 65 years or older, with ambulatory. Forty-two per cent of elderly Korean subjects reported at least one episode of falling in the previous 12 months, 38% of whom had consequences that required either the attention of a physician or hospitalization.

Factors significantly associated with an increased risk of falling were a restricted activity during the previous five years (adjusted OR 1.3), use of alternative therapy (adjusted OR 2.7), low knee flexor and extensor-muscle strength (adjusted OR 1.21 and 1.20), and poor balance with closed eyes (adjusted OR 8.32).

We conclude that falls among older persons living in the community are common in Korea and that indicator of bad health and frailty or variables directly related to neuromuscular impairment are significant predictors of the risk of falling.

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    Asmidawati Ashari, Tengku Aizan Hamid, Mohd Rizal Hussain, Rahimah Ibrahim, Keith D. Hill
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    Min-Kyoung Rhee, Yuri Jang, Soo Young Kim, Sujie Chang
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    Sung Min Son, Kyung Woo Kang
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    Taekyoung Kim, Sang D. Choi, Shuping Xiong, Kyoung-Sae Na
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    Bo Ram Ahn, Hyo Jung Kang, Eun Jung Choi, Soo Woong Jang, Hee Sup Chung, Kyung Soo Jeon
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    Lotta J. Seppala, Esther M.M. van de Glind, Joost G. Daams, Kimberley J. Ploegmakers, Max de Vries, Anne M.A.T. Wermelink, Nathalie van der Velde, Hubert Blain, Jean Bousquet, Gösta Bucht, Maria Angeles Caballero-Mora, Tischa van der Cammen, Patrik Eklund
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Perimenstrual Symptoms of Korean Women Living in the USA: Applicability of the WDHD(Women's daily health diary)on Prospective Report
Hae Won Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(8):1395-1401.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.8.1395
AbstractAbstract
Purpose

To compare perimenstrual (premenstrual, menstrual, postmenstrual) symptoms by concurrent reporting using the Women's Daily Health Diary (WDHD) and by retrospective reporting using the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MMDQ).

Methods

A prospective and retrospective study was conducted among 31 Korean women, aged 27 to 48 yrs, living in the USA.

Results

On the prospective report using the WDHD, the most severe complaints were fatigue or tiredness (1.48 +/−.98), sensation of weight gain (.88+/−98), increased appetite (.79+/−.96) in premenstrual phase, fatigue or tiredness (1.34+/−.85), backaches (1.06+/+.79), and bloating or swelling of the abdomen (.93+/−.86) during the menstrual phase. On the retrospective report using the MMDQ, the most severe complaints during the premenstrual phase were fatigue (2.2 6+/−1.65), irritability (2.06+/−1.48), and backaches (1.97+/−1.68) and during the menstrual phase backaches (2.35+/−1.62), fatigue (2.29+/−1.75), and cramps (2.23+/−1.80). According to both measurements of PMS symptomology during the premenstrual and menstrual phases, the most frequently reported symptom was fatigue or tiredness. Highly rated symptoms on the MMDQ and on the WDHD were found to be similar.

Conclusion

The WDHD was found to be suitable for daily prospective PMS assessment, which will be necessary for the screening and management of women with severe PMS.

Citations

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    Hyun-Jung Jang, Suk-Hee Ahn
    Journal of muscle and joint health.2011; 18(2): 158.     CrossRef
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    Sukhee Ahn, Rhayun Song
    Journal of Advanced Nursing.2009; 65(6): 1228.     CrossRef
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A Comparison of Smoking Control Strategies in Korea and the United States
Chung Yul Lee, Ok Kyung Ham, Yoon Mi Hong
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(8):1379-1387.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.8.1379
AbstractAbstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to compare smoking control strategies between Korea and the United States. Korea and other developing countries may learn from the experience of the United States in dealing with the growing epidemic of cigarettes. In particular, smoking control objectives, structures, laws and regulations, funds, programs and activities, research, and surveillance systems were compared. The comparison was conducted at the federal, states/provincial, and county levels of the two countries. The data were collected through various governmental websites, contact with people directly, and a literature review. Based on the comparison, seven recommendations for smoking control strategies were made primarily for Korea.

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Development of a Sublimation Program for Korean Adolescents' Aggression
Hyun Sil Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(1):81-92.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.1.81
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify a path diagram for the influence of family, personality, sexual abuse, drug abuse, coping strategies, and aggressive impulsiveness on aggression, and to develop a sublimation program for Korean adolescent's aggression.

Method

Data was collected by self-report questionnaires. Subjects consisted of 2,111 adolescents. A proportional stratified random sampling method was used. The major instrument was the Mental Health Questionnaire for Korean Adolescents, and the Cronbach's Alpha ranged from .54 to .95 for each subscale. Statistical methods were Chi-square, correlation analysis, and path analysis.

Result

The strongest contributing variables on aggression were person-related aggressive impulsiveness, antisocial personality, self-injured aggressive impulsiveness, gender, sexual abuse, psychosomatic symptoms II, drug abuse, age, parent-child relationship, alcohol abuse and cognitive avoidance coping strategies in the order named. Also the author developed a multi-systemic sublimation program for Korean adolescents's aggression. The multi-systemic sublimation program involves four domains including adolescents, parents, peers and community, and has several therapeutic sub-programs for each domain.

Conclusion

The ecology of human development is composed of multiple, integrated levels of organization, including biological, individual-psychological, social-interpersonal, cultural, and historical levels. Therefore, this multi-systemic sublimation program will prevent and decrease the rate of aggressive behavior among Korean adolescents.

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    Hyun-Sil Kim, Hun-Soo Kim
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    Bongsook Yih
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(2): 394.     CrossRef
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    Hyun-Sil Kim
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    Eun Sun Ji, Mi Heui Jang
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    Hyun Sook Park
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Nurses' Image Perceived by Academic and Vocational High School Teachers in Korea
Hae Young Kang, Mi Hye Go, Jin Ju Yang, Sun Mi Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(6):792-801.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.6.792
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify nurses' image and its related factors to make nurses' image among academic and vocational high school teachers in Korea.

Method

Study samples were composed of 470 teachers who were from 12 high schools in G and J city located in southwestern part of Korea. Data were collected from August 26 to October 4, 2002. The internal consistency of the total scale was Cronbach's α= .940.

Result

In order to make nurses' image, 76.4% of respondents were influenced by the experience of their hospitalization in visiting hospitals. The mean score of nurses' image in general was 3.19±0.55; in four subcategories, 3.46±0.60 for professional image, 3.28±0.69 for traditional image, 2.93±0.70 for social image, and 2.91±0.64 for vision of nursing career. The mean score of nurses' image in general was more positive significantly in the 50's age group (F=6.43, p= .002) and in male groups (t=2.92, p= .002).

Conclusion

On the basis of these findings, nursing professionals need to improve their working conditions, aspiration in job, and autonomy of nurses in their practice fields, monitor the mass media and other publishing materials continuously, and share the appropriate information on nursing profession to the school teachers and the public.

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    Min Hee Lee, Young Suk Kim
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    Hyangjin PARK, Haeryun CHO
    Journal of Nursing Research.2021; 29(3): e150.     CrossRef
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    Juhyun Ahn, Myoungsuk Kim
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    Yu Mi Kim, Young Sil Kang
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Sexuality and Related Factors of Postmenopausal Korean Women
Young Joo Park, Hesook Suzie Kim, Sung Ok Chang, Hyun Choel Kang, Sook Hee Chun
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(4):457-463.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.4.457
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This cross-sectional survey was conducted to describe the sexuality of Korean women after menopause using a national sample, and to examine relationships between the sexuality and demographic, body mass index, and life style factors including smoking, alcohol use, and physical activity.

Method

From Dec. 20, 1998 to April 30, 1999, 2196 naturally postmenopausal women aged between 41 and 65 years were recruited by a disproportional stratified random sampling method from 7 metropolitans and 6 provinces in Korea. The questionnaire was used to obtain information on the demographic characteristics, life style factors, body mass index, and sexual activities.

Result

The findings show that the frequency of intercourse after menopause decreased among most of postmenopausal Korean women (64.5%). The frequency of women reported their sexual activity as satisfactory was higher among women doing physical activity, not smoking, with higher educational status, with middle socioeconomic status, without sleep disturbance, with lower body mass index, and with good subjective health status.

Conclusion

Further studies need to be designed as the longitudinal studies with larger random samples and better measures of sexuality.

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    Nasim Shahrahmani, Raheleh Babazadeh, Abbas Ebadi, Luiz F. Baccaro
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    Hea Young Oh, Mi Kyung Kim, Sang-Soo Seo, Jae-Kwan Lee
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Review Article
A Methodological Quality Assessment of South Korean Nursing Research using Structural Equation Modeling in South Korea
Jung-Hee Kim, Sujin Shin, Jin-Hwa Park
J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(2):159-168.   Published online April 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.2.159
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the methodological quality of nursing studies using structural equation modeling in Korea.

Methods

Databases of KISS, DBPIA, and National Assembly Library up to March 2014 were searched using the MeSH terms 'nursing', 'structure', 'model'. A total of 152 studies were screened. After removal of duplicates and non-relevant titles, 61 papers were read in full.

Results

Of the sixty-one articles retrieved, 14 studies were published between 1992 and 2000, 27, between 2001 and 2010, and 20, between 2011 and March 2014. The methodological quality of the review examined varied considerably.

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest that more rigorous research is necessary to address theoretical identification, two indicator rule, distribution of sample, treatment of missing values, mediator effect, discriminant validity, convergent validity, post hoc model modification, equivalent models issues, and alternative models issues should be undergone. Further research with robust consistent methodological study designs from model identification to model respecification is needed to improve the validity of the research.

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Original Article
Cross-cultural Validation of Instruments Measuring Health Beliefs about Colorectal Cancer Screening among Korean Americans
Shin-Young Lee, Eunice E. Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(1):129-138.   Published online February 27, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.1.129
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to report the instrument modification and validation processes to make existing health belief model scales culturally appropriate for Korean Americans (KAs) regarding colorectal cancer (CRC) screening utilization.

Methods

Instrument translation, individual interviews using cognitive interviewing, and expert reviews were conducted during the instrument modification phase, and a pilot test and a cross-sectional survey were conducted during the instrument validation phase. Data analyses of the cross-sectional survey included internal consistency and construct validity using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.

Results

The main issues identified during the instrument modification phase were (a) cultural and linguistic translation issues and (b) newly developed items reflecting Korean cultural barriers. Cross-sectional survey analyses during the instrument validation phase revealed that all scales demonstrate good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha=.72~.88). Exploratory factor analysis showed that susceptibility and severity loaded on the same factor, which may indicate a threat variable. Items with low factor loadings in the confirmatory factor analysis may relate to (a) lack of knowledge about fecal occult blood testing and (b) multiple dimensions of the subscales.

Conclusion

Methodological, sequential processes of instrument modification and validation, including translation, individual interviews, expert reviews, pilot testing and a cross-sectional survey, were provided in this study. The findings indicate that existing instruments need to be examined for CRC screening research involving KAs.

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    Ferdane Koçoğlu, Mesut Teleş, Semra Kocaöz
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    Martín Menéndez Rodríguez, Natalia García-Morales, Teresa Seoane Pillado, Jorge Garau Ramírez, Alba Traver Salvador, Yésica Hervás Jiménez, Noel Pin Vieito, Luis Menéndez Rodríguez, Joaquín Cubiella
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    Martín Menéndez Rodríguez, Jorge Garau Ramírez, Alba Traver Salvador, Yésica Hervás Jiménez, Natalia García Morales, Teresa Seoane Pillado, Noel Pin Vieito, Pablo Vega Villaamil, Agustín Montes Martínez, Joaquín Cubiella
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    Martín Menéndez Rodríguez, Jorge Garau Ramírez, Alba Traver Salvador, Yésica Hervás Jiménez, Natalia García Morales, Teresa Seoane Pillado, Noel Pin Vieito, Pablo Vega Villaamil, Agustín Montes Martínez, Joaquín Cubiella
    Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition).2022; 45(2): 106.     CrossRef
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    Fang Lei, Wei-Ti Chen, Mary-Lynn Brecht, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Eunice Lee
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  • Effect of Health Belief Model on the Participation in FOBT CRC Screening Programme: Case/Control Study
    Martín Menéndez, Natalia García-Morales, Teresa Seoane Pillado, Jorge Garau Ramírez, Alba Traver Salvador, Yésica Hervás Jiménez, Noel Pin Vieito, Luis Menéndez Rodríguez, Joaquín Cubiella
    SSRN Electronic Journal .2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Review Article
Trends in Nursing Research in Korea: Research Trends for Studies Published from the Inaugural Issue to 2010 in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing and the Journals Published by Member Societies under Korean Academy of Nursing Science
Myoung-Ae Choe, Nam Cho Kim, Kyung Mi Kim, Sung Jae Kim, Kyung Sook Park, Young Soon Byeon, Sung Rae Shin, Soo Yang, Kyung Sook Lee, Eun Hyun Lee, In Sook Lee, Tae Wha Lee, Myung Ok Cho, Jin Hak Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(5):484-494.   Published online October 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.5.484
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify trends for studies published in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing and journals published by member societies from inaugural issues to 2010.

Methods

A total of 6890 studies were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results

Quantitative studies accounted for 83.6% while qualitative studies accounted for 14.4%. Most frequently used research designs were quasi-experimental (91.1%) for experimental research and survey (85.2%) for non-experimental research. Most frequent study participants were healthy people (35.8%), most frequent nursing interventions, nursing skills (53.5%), and 39.8% used knowledge, attitude and behavior outcomes for dependent variables. Most frequently used keyword was elderly. Survey studies decreased from 1991 to 2010 by approximately 50%, while qualitative studies increased by about 20%. True experimental research (1.2%) showed no significant changes. Studies focusing on healthy populations increased from 2001-2005 (37.5%) to 2006-2010 (41.0%). From 1970 to 2010, studies using questionnaire accounted for over 50% whereas physiological measurement, approximately 5% only. Experimental studies using nursing skill interventions increased from 1970-1980 (30.4%) to 2006-2010 (64.0%). No significant changes were noted in studies using knowledge, attitude and behavior (39.9% ) as dependent variables.

Conclusion

The results suggest that further expansion of true experimental, qualitative studies and physiological measurements are needed.

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    Mikyoung Lee, Keum-Seong Jang
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    The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2019; 22(1): 19.     CrossRef
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    Sunmi Kim, Myoung Hee Seo, Seok Hee Jeong, Hee Sun Kim, Yoon Lee Kim
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    Young Jin Lee, Seo Yun Kim, Saem Yi Kang, Yoo Jeong Kang, Lan Jin, Hee Yoen Jung, Hae Won Kim
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2018; 24(1): 90.     CrossRef
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    Min-A Kim, So-Eun Choi
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2018; 29(4): 450.     CrossRef
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    Sung Hae Kim, Yoona Choi, Ji-Hye Lee, Da-El Jang, Sanghee Kim
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    Tae Wha Lee, Kwang-Ok Park, GyeongAe Seomun, Miyoung Kim, Jee-In Hwang, Soyoung Yu, Seok Hee Jeong, Min Jung, Mikyung Moon
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2017; 23(1): 101.     CrossRef
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    Yerin Cha, Joeun Kwon, Sunhye Kwon, Kyung Hee Lee, Jiyun An
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2017; 19(2): 92.     CrossRef
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    Hyun-Ju Lim, Guna Lee, Sook-Ja Yang
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    Su-Ol Kim
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2016; 16(1): 1.     CrossRef
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    Mi Yang Jeon, Young Eun, Eun Nam Lee, Hye Sook Min, Won-Sook Bak, Mi-Kyung Choi, Rhayun Song, Inok Lee, Hee Kwon Choi, Gyeyoung Shin, Minju Kim, Kyung-Sook Lee, Myung Sook Lee, Kyung-Sook Cho, Ju Sung Kim, Yeo Sook Chung
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    Ji-Hye Kim, Seog-Bun Yoo
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    Kap-Chul Cho
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    Hae Young Yoo
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    Sang-Dol Kim, So-Eun Choi, Sun-Hee Choi
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2015; 15(3): 123.     CrossRef
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    Young-Ok Yang
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Original Articles
Translation and Psychometric Testing of the Korean Versions of the Spiritual Perspective Scale and the Self-transcendence Scale in Korean Elders
Suk-Sun Kim, Pamela G. Reed, Youngmi Kang, Jina Oh
J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(7):974-983.   Published online December 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.7.974
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to translate the Spiritual Perspective Scale (SPS) and Self-transcendence Scale (STS) into Korean and test the psychometric properties of the instruments with Korean elders.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey design was used to implement the three stages of the study. Stage I consisted of translating and reviewing the scales by six experts. In Stage II, equivalence was tested by comparing the responses between the Korean and English versions among 71 bilingual adults. Stage III established the psychometric properties of the Korean versions SPS-K and STS-K among 154 Korean elders.

Results

Cronbach's alpha of the SPS-K and the STS-K .97, and .85 respectively with Korean elders. Factor analysis showed that the SPS-K had one factor; the STS-K had four factors with one factor clearly representing self-transcendence as theorized. Both scales showed good reliability and validity for the translated Korean versions. However, continued study of the construct validity of the STS-K is needed.

Conclusion

Study findings indicate that the SPS-K and the STS-K could be useful for nurses and geriatric researchers to assess a broadly defined spirituality, and to conduct research on spirituality and health among Korean elders. Use of these scales within a theory-based study may contribute to further knowledge about the role of spirituality in the health and well-being of Korean people facing health crises.

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Health Knowledge, Health Promoting Behavior and Factors Influencing Health Promoting Behavior of North Korean Defectors in South Korea
Myoung-Ae Choe, Myungsun Yi, Jung-An Choi, Gisoo Shin
J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(5):622-631.   Published online October 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.5.622
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify health knowledge, health promoting behavior and factors influencing health promoting behavior of North Korean defectors in South Korea.

Methods

Participants in this study were 410 North Korean defectors, over 20 years of age residing in Seoul. They were recruited by snowball sampling. Data were collected from April to June, 2010. Health knowledge, health promoting behavior, self-efficacy, perceived barriers to health promoting behavior and social support were measured by structured questionnaires, and perceived physical and mental health status were measured by one item with 10-point numeric rating scale. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression.

Results

Health knowledge, health promoting behavior, and perceived barriers to health promoting behavior were moderate while self-efficacy and social support were high. Factors influencing health promoting behavior of the participants were found to be self-efficacy, social support and perceived barrier to health promoting behavior.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that nursing intervention programs enhancing self-efficacy, social support and reducing perceived barriers to health promoting behavior need to be developed for North Korean defectors in South Korea.

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    Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2013; 30(3): 13.     CrossRef
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