Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Original Articles

A Topic Modeling Analysis for Online News Article Comments on Nurses' Workplace Bullying: Jiyeon Kang, Soogyeong Kim, Seungkook Roh; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(6):736-747. Published online December 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.6.736

Purpose

This study aimed to explore public opinion on workplace bullying in the nursing field, by analyzing the keywords and topics of online news comments.

Methods

This was a text-mining study that collected, processed, and analyzed text data. A total of 89,951 comments on 650 online news articles, reported between January 1, 2013 and July 31, 2018, were collected via web crawling. The collected unstructured text data were preprocessed and keyword analysis and topic modeling were performed using R programming.

Results

The 10 most important keywords were “work” (37121.7), “hospital” (25286.0), “patients” (24600.8), “woman” (24015.6), “physician” (20840.6), “trouble” (18539.4), “time” (17896.3), “money” (16379.9), “new nurses” (14056.8), and “salary” (13084.1). The 22,572 preprocessed key words were categorized into four topics: “poor working environment”, “culture among women”, “unfair oppression”, and “society-level solutions”.

Conclusion

Public interest in workplace bullying among nurses has continued to increase. The public agreed that negative work environment and nursing shortage could cause workplace bullying. They also considered nurse bullying as a problem that should be resolved at a societal level. It is necessary to conduct further research through gender discrimination perspectives on nurse workplace bullying and the social value of nursing work.

Citations

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Comparison of the Erectile Dysfunction Drugs Sildenafil and Tadalafil Using Patient Medication Reviews: Topic Modeling Study
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Analysis of Headline News about Nurses Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Su-Mi Baek, Myonghwa Park
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Comparing workplace violence among nurses and other professionals using online articles: A social network analysis
Soyun Hong, Heejung Kim, Myeongseop Cha
Journal of Nursing Management.2022; 30(6): 1750. CrossRef
An Exploratory Study on Current Nursing Issues in the COVID-19 era through Newspaper Articles: The Application of Text Network Analysis
Young Joo Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2022; 28(3): 307. CrossRef
Exploring Nurses' Experience and Grievance: Network Analysis and Topic Modeling using a Social Networking Service
Hyunju Ji, Arum Lim, Seung Eun Lee
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The Experience of Clinical Nurses after Korea’s Enactment of Workplace Anti-Bullying Legislation: A Phenomenological Study
Hee-Sun Kim, In-Ok Sim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(11): 5711. CrossRef
Topic Modeling and Keyword Network Analysis of News Articles Related to Nurses before and after “the Thanks to You Challenge” during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Eun Kyoung Yun, Jung Ok Kim, Hye Min Byun, Guk Geun Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2021; 51(4): 442. CrossRef
A Network Analysis of Research Topics and Trends in End-of-Life Care and Nursing
Kisook Kim, Seung Gyeong Jang, Ki-Seong Lee
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(1): 313. CrossRef
Silent Counterattack: The Impact of Workplace Bullying on Employee Silence
Xiwei Liu, Shenggang Yang, Zhu Yao
Frontiers in Psychology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Reliability and Validity of the Bullying Measurement in Korean Nurses' Workplace
Hyo-Suk Song, So-Hee Lim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2020; 26(5): 478. CrossRef
Relationship of Workplace Violence to Turnover Intention in Hospital Nurses: Resilience as a Mediator
Hyun-Jung Kang, Jaeyong Shin, Eun-Hyun Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2020; 50(5): 728. CrossRef

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The Effects of Breast Milk Olfactory Stimulation on Physiological Responses, Oral Feeding Progression and Body Weight in Preterm Infants: Eun Jee Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(2):126-136. Published online April 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.2.126

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of breast milk olfactory stimulation on physiological responses, oral feeding progression, and body weight in preterm infants.

Methods

A repeated measures design with nonequivalent control group was used. The participants were healthy, preterm infants born at a gestational age of 28~32 weeks; 12 in the experimental group and 16 in the control group. Data were collected prospectively in the experimental group, and retrospectively in the control group, by the same methods. Breast milk olfactory stimulation was provided 12 times over 15 days. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed rank test and linear mixed models using SPSS 19.

Results

The gastric residual volume (GRV) of the experimental group was significantly less than that of the control group. The heart rate, oxygen saturation, respiration rate, transition time to oral feeding, and body weight were not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that breast milk olfactory stimulation reduces GRV and improves digestive function in preterm infants without inducing distress.

Citations

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Effect of Smell and Taste of Milk on Feeding Parameters in Preterm Neonates: An Updated Meta-Analysis
Sarah Alenezi, Manal Aldaihani, Sabah Alqabandi, Ahmad A Alkandari, Bader A Almukaimi, Latifah Almutairi, Mohamed Abualqassim, Ziad A Kanaan, Manaal H Ameen, Yara H Farahat, Ahmed Abu-Zaid
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The Effect of Breast Milk Odor on Feeding Cues, Transition Time to Oral Feeding, and Abdominal Perfusion in Premature Newborns: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Adalet Yücel, Sibel Küçükoğlu, Hanifi Soylu
Biological Research For Nursing.2024; 26(1): 160. CrossRef
Effects of human milk odor stimulation on feeding in premature infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Yangyang Qin, Shu Liu, Yanming Yang, Yuan Zhong, Danshi Hao, Han Han
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Family-Centered Care for High-Risk Infants and the Roles of Healthcare Professionals
Yeo Jin Im, Young-Ah Park
Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Child Health.2024; 28(1): 5. CrossRef
Effect of Olfactory Stimulation of Breast Milk on Neonatal Operational Pain and Feeding: A Meta-Analysis
凤霞侯
Advances in Clinical Medicine.2022; 12(10): 9403. CrossRef
Human neonates prefer colostrum to mature milk: Evidence for an olfactory bias toward the “initial milk”?
Magali Klaey‐Tassone, Karine Durand, Fabrice Damon, Katrin Heyers, Nawel Mezrai, Bruno Patris, Paul Sagot, Robert Soussignan, Benoist Schaal
American Journal of Human Biology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Olfactory Stimulation of Preterm Infants with Breast Milk
Woon Ae Lee, Jin Suk Ra
Clinical Nursing Research.2021; 30(8): 1183. CrossRef
Comparison of the Effect of Breast Milk and Sodium Bicarbonate Solution for Oral Care in Infants with Tracheal Intubation After Cardiothoracic Surgery
Xian-Rong Yu, Shu-Ting Huang, Ning Xu, Wang-Sheng Dai, Zeng-Chun Wang, Hua Cao, Qiang Chen
Breastfeeding Medicine.2021; 16(7): 568. CrossRef
The Effects of a Continuous Olfactory Stimulation Using Breast Milk (COSB) on Behavioral State and Physiological Responses in Korean Premature Infants
Young Ah Park, Yeo Jin Im
Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2020; 53: e114. CrossRef
Establishing a Foundation for Optimal Feeding Outcomes in the NICU
Britt F. Pados, Kristy Fuller
Nursing for Women's Health.2020; 24(3): 202. CrossRef

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Response Patterns of Nursing Unit Managers regarding Workplace Bullying: A Q Methodology Approach: Jin Kyu Choi, Byoungsook Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(5):562-574. Published online January 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.5.562

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the response patterns of nursing unit managers regarding workplace bullying.

Methods

Q methodology was used to identify the response patterns. Thirty-six Q samples were selected from the Q population of 210 that included literature reviews and in-depth interviews with clinical nurses and nursing managers. Participants were 30 nursing unit managers who had experience managing workplace bullying and they classified the Q samples into a normal distribution frame measured on a nine-point scale. The data were analyzed using the PC-QUANL program.

Results

Five types of response patterns were identified: (1) sympathetic-understanding acceleration, (2) harmonious-team approach, (3) preventive-organizational management, (4) passive observation, and (5) leading-active intervention. The preventive-organizational management type was most frequently used by the nursing unit managers.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicated that nursing unit managers attempted to prevent and solve workplace bullying in various ways. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and conduct leadership training and intervention programs that appropriately address the response patterns of nursing unit managers, such as those identified in this study.

Citations

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The COVID-19 Pandemic Experience of A Cohort of Quarantined University Hospital Nurse Managers
Soon-Youl Lee, Suk Jung Han, Hee Jung Hong
Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2024; 38(2): 205. CrossRef
Prevalence of workplace violence against registered nurses and their perceptions of relevant management systems in acute care hospitals
Seungmi Park, Eunju Kwak, Ye-Won Lee, Eun-Jun Park
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2023; 29(3): 319. CrossRef
Workplace bullying among Korean registered nurses: A meta-aggregation of qualitative studies
Eun-Jun Park, Hyunwook Kang, Ji Woon Ko
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2023; 29(4): 450. CrossRef
Q Methodology as an Innovative Addition to Bullying Researchers’ Methodological Repertoire
Adrian Lundberg, Lisa Hellström
International Journal of Bullying Prevention.2022; 4(3): 209. CrossRef

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Development of a Quantitative Model on Adolescent Cyberbullying Victims in Korea: A System Dynamics Approach: Mi Jin You, Eun Mi Ham; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(4):398-410. Published online January 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.4.398

Abstract PDF: Abstract Purpose
This study used a system dynamics methodology to identify correlation and nonlinear feedback structures among factors affecting adolescent cyberbullying victims (CV) in Korea and to construct and verify a simulation model.
Methods
Factors affecting CV were identified by reviewing a theoretical background in existing literature and referencing various statistical data. Related variables were identified through content validity verification by an expert group, after which a causal loop diagram (CLD) was constructed based on the variables. A stock-flow diagram (SFD) using Vensim Professional 7.3 was used to establish a CV model.
Results
Based on the literature review and expert verification, 22 variables associated with CV were identified and the CLD was prepared. Next, a model was developed by converting the CLD to an SFD. The simulation results showed that the variables such as negative emotions, stress levels, high levels of conflict in schools, parental monitoring, and time spent using new media had the strongest effects on CV. The model's validity was verified using equation check, sensitivity analysis for timestep and simulation with 4 CV adolescent.
Conclusion
The system dynamics model constructed in this study can be used to develop intervention strategies in schools that are focused on counseling that can prevent cyberbullying and assist in the victims’ recovery by formulating a feedback structure and capturing the dynamic changes observed in CV. To prevent cyberbullying, it is necessary to develop more effective strategies such as prevention education, counseling and treatment that considers factors pertaining to the individual, family, school, and media.

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A Study for the Development of Korean Nursing Theory: A Humanistic Approach based on Shinhyung, Naekyungpyun in Dongeuibogam: Kyung Rim Shin; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(1):141-155. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.1.141

Abstract PDF: The universe had its order of yang and yin ; all creation are continuously generated, grow and die, which is the results of the harmonious operation by yang and yin. Among all creation, the human is one of the samjae(three bases of the world, which are heaven, earth, and man) and he is from the combined sukhi(a superior khi) of yang and yin. And human life itself is basically a condensed jonghyul(life blood) and at the same time it is only a transient joining of sadae(the four elements of earth, air, fire and water). Yang and yin, the two axes of the world, therefore, are the most crucial and fundamental concept to explain the generation and extinction of all creation, to understand people in time and space, to find out the reality of human life as an organism, and at last, to observe the state of human health. If so, what is the most essential idea in yang and yin? It is taegeuk(chungkhi) or tao(of one yang and one yin). If the property of heaven and earth is kongon, taegeuk is a khi and tao a principle. And it can be sid that a human body is merely a union of hyung and khi, that human life is an essence of sambo, jeongkhishin, that human health is a harmonized coordination of yang and yin because it is from the combined sukhi of yang and yin because it is from the combined sukhi of yang and yin. Hyung, a vessel for smbo, jeongkhishin, is at the bottom and shin is on the top ; the personality and the disposition of individuals differ according to their working. Thus, on the basis of the above discussion, the following can be offered as some suggestions for Korean Nursing Theory. Though human beings are part of Nature, they are the most eminent microcosm among all creation. So, as a subject for nursing, a person should be understood with khijok kyoryu rather than with logical thinking, then mutual trust between the patient and the nurse can be established. The health of a person on the harmony of yang and yin. To be healthy, a person should consider harmonization with Nature(including his surroundings) as well as a balanced human relationships in society. Moreover, it is crucial for each person to obtain hoshim as a method of mind control rather than to only treat the symptoms of disease.

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A Study of the Experience of Patients with Terminal Cancer Who are in an Independent Hospice Center: Boon Han Kim, Young Ran Tak, Mi Young Chon; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1996;26(3):668-677. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1996.26.3.668

Abstract PDF

This study is a phenomenological study done to promote understanding of the dying process in patients with terminal cancer who were in an independent hospice center. The purpose of study was to explore and understand indepth information on the dying process in order to provide data for holistic hospice care in nursing and to give insights in to practical applications in the nursing care. In ?depth interviewing was done from may, through November, 1995 with 11 patient with cancer who were being cared for at K Hospice Care Center. Experiences in the dying process were discussed as they expressed feelings about death including (a) feeling of isolation because family members try to hide the diagnosis of cancer, (b) hopelessness, (c) guilt, anger, and hostility, (d) suffering from pain, (e) fear of death. However, subjects did not deny death itself and were developing peace of mind and acceptance of death through religion.

Citations

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Experience of Home-Based Hospice Care of Terminal-Cancer Patients
Boon Han Kim, Hwa Jung Kang
The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2014; 17(4): 223. CrossRef
Life Experience of Inpatients with Recurrent Breast Cancer
Young Ju Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2011; 41(2): 214. CrossRef

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The Effect of Oral Glucose on Pain Relief in Newborns: Hye Young Ahn, Me Young Jang, Myung Haeng Hur; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(6):992-1001. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.6.992

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to provide data for a nursing intervention to alleviate newborn pain clinically by investigating the effect of oral glucose.

Purpose

Subjects were newborns hospitalized in the nursery. Informed consent was obtained from parents of 60 newborns. A heel stick was carried out for a test on 3 groups; the experimental, placebo, and control group. The Neonatal infant pain scale(NIPS), respiration rate, heart rate, peripheral oxygen partial pressure(SpO₂), and crying duration were measured to assess pain reaction. All neonatal behaviors were recorded on videotape.

Purpose

There were significant differences in pain behavior during stimulus(F=4.195, p=.020), pain behavior immediately after blood-sampling (F=4.114, p=.021), and pain behavior 3 minutes after that (F=3.630, p=.033). However, there were no significant differences in heart rate, respiration rate, peripheral oxygen partial pressure or crying duration after the heel stick among the groups.

Conclusions

Oral administration of glucose before a heel stick caused the reduction of neonatal pain behavior, which means that it has an effect of pain relief.

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The effect of oral breast milk on pain response of the neonates during heel lancing
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Jung Sook Kim, Eun Jung Lee, Eun Ha Ham, Ji Hyun Kim, Young Hee Yi
Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2010; 16(4): 352. CrossRef

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Difference in Time of Bowel Sounds and Passing of Gas in Abdominal Hysterectomy Patients having San-Yin-Jia (SP-6) Acupressure: Soon Bok Chang, Young Ran Kim, Mi Hee Yoon, Joung Un Shim, Eun Hui Ko, Min Ok Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(7):1164-1171. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.7.1164

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to compare differences in the time when bowel sounds were heard and gas was passed in women who had an abdominal hysterectomy and were treated for 5 minutes (experimental group A) or 10 minutes (experimental group B) with San-Yin-Jiao (SP-6) acupressure.

Method

The design of this study was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized post test only design. The participants included 142 women, 39 in experimental group A, 30 in experimental group B, and 73 in the control group. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire which included items on general characteristics and a self report of time when gas was passed. Differences for the three groups as to time when bowel sounds were heard and gas was passed were analyzed using ANOVA.

Result

The time when bowel sounds were heard was statistically significantly shorter in both experimental groups compared to the control group(F=10.29, p=.000). The time when gas was passed was statistically significantly shorter in experimental group B(10 min) compared to the control group(F=4.68, p=.011).

Conclusion

It could be concluded that SP-6 acupressure of 10 minutes was effective in shortening the time until bowel sounds were heard and gas was passed for women who had had an abdominal hysterectomy. Replication of the study with a larger number of participants is necessary in order to be able to generalize the results.

Citations

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The Effects of Acupressure on Postoperative Gastrointestinal Function and Pain in Women with Hysterectomy: A Randomized Controlled Study
Merve Yavaş, Yeliz Yıldırım Varışoğlu
Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of Korean Hand Acupressure on Pain and Abdominal Bloating of Patients Receiving Laparoscopic Hysterectomy
Kyoung Hee Yun, Sook Young Kim
The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2015; 18(1): 20. CrossRef

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Differences of Cesarean Section Rates according to San-Yin-Jiao(SP6) Acupressure for Women in Labor: Soon Bok Chang, Yong Won Park, Jae Sung Cho, Mi Kyeong Lee, Byung Chul Lee, Su Jeong Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(2):324-332. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.2.324

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explain differences of cesarean section rates according to San-Yin-Jiao(SP6) acupressure for women in labor.

Method

A noneqivalent control group pre test - post test design was used to explain differences of cesarean section rates according to SP6 acupressure. The participants were 209 women who were assigned to one of three groups SP6 acupressure(n=86), SP6 touch(n=47), and control group(n=76). For 30 minutes, the SP6 acupressure group received SP6 acupressure,and the SP6 touch group received SP6 touch for the duration of each uterine contraction. The Control group was encouraged to deep breath and relax for the duration of each uterine contraction for 30 minutes.

Result

The rates of cesarean section were 12.8%, 29.8%, and 22.4% for the SP6 acupressure group, SP6 touch group, and control group respectively. There was a significant difference among groups (p=0.049). Cesarean section rateswere significantly different between the SP6 acupressure and non-SP6 acupressure group(p=0.035).

Conclusion

This finding shows that 30 minutes of SP6 acupressure was effective in decreasing the cesarean section rate. Therefore, SP6 acupressure during labor could be applied as an effective nursing intervention.

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Birth preparation acupuncture for normalising birth: An analysis of NHS service routine data and proof of concept
A. U. Lokugamage, V. A. I. Eftime, D. Porter, T. Ahillan, S. X. Ke
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.2020; 40(8): 1096. CrossRef

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Effects of San-Yin-Jiao(SP6) Acupressure on Labor Pain, Delivery Time in Women during Labor: Mi Kyeong Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(6):753-761. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.6.753

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The study was done to examine the effects of San-Yin-Jiao(SP6) acupressure treatment on subjective labor pain, length of delivery time in women during labor.

Method

The study design was a randomized controlled clinical trial study using a double-blinded method. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, a subjective labor pain scale and measurement of delivery time. The experimental group(n=29) was received SP6 acupressure and control group(n=29), SP6 touch for the duration of each uterine contraction, during 30 minutes after 3cm dilatation of cervical os.

Result

The subjective labor pain scores was significantly different between the two groups(p=0.042). The total length of delivery time in the group which had the SP6 acupressure was shorter than SP6 touch group (p=0.036).

Conclusion

These findings showed that SP6 acupressure was effective related to labor pain, length of time for delivery. SP6 acupressure during labor could be applied as an effective nursing treatment.

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Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour
Caroline A Smith, Carmel T Collins, Kate M Levett, Mike Armour, Hannah G Dahlen, Aidan L Tan, Bita Mesgarpour
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Effects of an Experience-focused Prenatal Program on Stress, Anxiety, Childbirth Confidence, and Maternal-Fetal Attachment on Women in Their First Pregnancy
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Mi-Young Kim, Gwang-Suk Kim, Sue Kim, Hye-Jung Lee
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Effects of a One Session Spouse-Support Enhancement Childbirth Education on Childbirth Self-Efficacy and Perception of Childbirth Experience in Women and their Husbands
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Effects of Body Position and Time after Feeding on Gastric Residuals in LBW Infants: Sun Kyung Hwang, Hyun Ok Ju, Young Soon Kim, Hwa Za Lee, Young Hae Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(4):488-494. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.4.488

Abstract PDF

Purpose

To examine the effects of body position and time after feeding on gastric residuals in low birth weight infants(LBW).

Methods

A repeated measures design was conducted. Twenty LBW infants being fed via indwelling nasogastric tubes were randomly assigned to one of 5 different position orderings. In each position, gastric residuals were measured at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes after feeding.

Results

In comparisons of gastric residuals with position and time, the main effects of position and time were statistically significant (F = 5.038, p = 0.001; F = 429.763, p < 0.001, respectively), but the interaction between position and time was found not to be significant. In pairwise comparisons, the gastric residuals were more reduced in the right anterior oblique and prone positions compared with the left lateral position (P < 0.05) and the differences across time periods were significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The body position after feeding has a significant affect on gastric residuals over time in LBW infants. The right anterior oblique or prone position is recommended rather than left lateral position after feeding. Knowledge of the proper position and the pattern of gastric emptying over time after feeding may lead to the development of evidence-based nursing care.

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The Effects of Different Nursing Positions During Preterm Infants Feeding on Gastric Residual Volume and Emptying Rate: A Systematic Review and Network Meta‐Analysis
Amal Mohamed Elhusein, Hammad Ali Fadlalmola
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Efficacy of body position on gastric residual in preterm infant: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Kurvatteppa Halemani, Alwin Issac, Sanjay Dhiraaj, Prabhaker Mishra
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Effect of different positions on gastric residuals in preterm infants initiating full enteral feeding
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Effects of Bullying Experience on Psychological Well-Being Mediated by Conflict Management Styles and Psychological Empowerment among Nursing Students in Clinical Placement: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach: Liping Ren, Hyunli Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(5):700-711. Published online January 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.5.700

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to test a proposed structural equation model in which bullying experience, conflict management styles and psychological empowerment predict psychological well-being among Chinese nursing students in clinical placement.

Methods

Three hundred and sixty-six nursing students recruited from five hospitals in J city and Y city were assessed with self-report questionnaires on bullying experience, conflict management styles, psychological empowerment and psychological well-being including depression, self-esteem, and academic major satisfaction. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 and AMOS version 22.0.

Results

The evaluation parameters included the comparative fit index at .90, the goodness of fit index at .93, the root mean square error of approximation at .07, and c²/df ratio at 2.66, indicating that the proposed structural equation model provided a good fit to the data. Experience of being bullied during clinical placement, conflict management styles and psychological empowerment explained 93.0% of the variance and had significant effects on psychological well-being, with conflict management styles and psychological empowerment mediating the association between bullying and psychological well-being.

Conclusion

The findings indicated that mediation by conflict management styles and psychological empowerment alleviated the negative influence of bullying on psychological well-being. To limit bullying and its negative effects, development of effective guidelines to deal with bullying will be a critical tool for both Chinese nursing students and their instructors. Further research should incorporate conflict management styles and psychological empowerment into the specific intervention strategies for handling bullying behaviors among nursing students and staff nurses and promoting nursing students’ psychological well-being.

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Effects of a Cognitive Rehearsal Program on Interpersonal Relationships, Workplace Bullying, Symptom Experience, and Turnover Intention among Nurses: A Randomized Controlled Trial: Jiyeon Kang, Jeung-Im Kim, Seonyoung Yun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(5):689-699. Published online January 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.5.689

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This research aimed to investigate the effects of a cognitive rehearsal program (CRP) on workplace bullying among nurses.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was performed. Participants were 40 nurses working in different university hospitals in B city, South Korea. The experimental group was provided with a 20-hour CRP comprising scenarios on bullying situations, standard communication, and role-playing. To evaluate effects of the CRP, we measured interpersonal relationships, workplace bullying, symptom experience, and turnover intention at pre-and post-intervention. Follow-up effect was measured in the experimental group only at 4 weeks after the intervention.

Results

After the intervention, there were significant differences in interpersonal relationships (F=6.21, p=.022) and turnover intention (F=5.55, p=.024) between experimental and wait-list groups. However, there was no significant difference in workplace bullying or symptom experience between the 2 groups. The beneficial effects on interpersonal relationships and turnover intention lasted at least up to 4 weeks after CRP.

Conclusion

The CRP for workplace bullying improves interpersonal relationships and decreases turnover intention. So it can be utilized as one of the personal coping strategies to reduce the the turnover among nurses. Further studies on the effects of unit- or hospital-based CRP and on the long-term effects of CRP are necessary.

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A Grounded Theory Approach on Nurses’ Experience with Workplace Bullying: Jiyeon Kang, Seonyoung Yun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(2):226-237. Published online April 17, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.2.226

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose:

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the workplace bullying experience of Korean nurses.

Methods:

Participants were twenty current or former hospital nurses who had experienced workplace bullying. Data were collected through focus group and individual in-depth interviews from February to May, 2015. Theoretical sampling method was applied to the point of theoretical saturation. Transcribed interview contents were analyzed using Corbin and Strauss’s grounded theory method.

Results:

A total of 110 concepts, 48 sub-categories, and 17 categories were identified through the open coding process. As a result of axial coding based on the paradigm model, the central phenomenon of nurses’ workplace bullying experience was revealed as ‘teaching that has become bullying’, and the core category was extracted as ‘surviving in love-hate teaching’ consisting of a four-step process: confronting reality, trial and error, relationship formation, and settlement. The relationship formation was considered to be the key phase to proceed to the positive settlement phase, and the participants utilized various strategies such as having an open mind, developing human relationships, understanding each other in this phase.

Conclusion:

The in-depth understanding of the workplace bullying experience has highlighted the importance of effective communication for cultivating desirable human relationships between nurses.

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Development and Validity of Workplace Bullying in Nursing-Type Inventory (WPBN-TI): Younju Lee, Mihyoung Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(2):209-218. Published online April 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.2.209

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to assess bullying of nurses, and test the validity and reliability of the instrument.

Methods

The initial thirty items of WPBN-TI were identified through a review of the literature on types bullying related to nursing and in-depth interviews with 14 nurses who experienced bullying at work. Sixteen items were developed through 2 content validity tests by 9 experts and 10 nurses. The final WPBN-TI instrument was evaluated by 458 nurses from five general hospitals in the Incheon metropolitan area. SPSS 18.0 program was used to assess the instrument based on internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity.

Results

WPBN-TI consisted of 16 items with three distinct factors (verbal and nonverbal bullying, work-related bullying, and external threats), which explained 60.3% of the total variance. The convergent validity and determinant validity for WPBN-TI were 100.0%, 89.7%, respectively. Known-groups validity of WPBN-TI was proven through the mean difference between subjective perception of bullying. The satisfied criterion validity for WPBN-TI was more than .70. The reliability of WPBN-TI was Cronbach's α of .91.

Conclusions

WPBN-TI with high validity and reliability is suitable to determine types of bullying in nursing workplace.

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