Younju Lee; Mihyoung Lee

doi:10.4040/jkan.2014.44.2.209

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Original Article
Development and Validity of Workplace Bullying in Nursing-Type Inventory (WPBN-TI): Younju Lee, Mihyoung Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2014;44(2):209-218.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.2.209
Published online: April 30, 2014

¹Department of Nursing, JEI University, Incheon, Korea.

²Department of Nursing, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Lee, Mihyoung. Department of Nursing, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea. Tel: +82-32-860-8205, Fax: +82-32-874-5880, mihyoung@inha.ac.kr

• Received: January 2, 2014 • Revised: February 4, 2014 • Accepted: March 27, 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

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Abstract
NOTES
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to assess bullying of nurses, and test the validity and reliability of the instrument.
Methods
The initial thirty items of WPBN-TI were identified through a review of the literature on types bullying related to nursing and in-depth interviews with 14 nurses who experienced bullying at work. Sixteen items were developed through 2 content validity tests by 9 experts and 10 nurses. The final WPBN-TI instrument was evaluated by 458 nurses from five general hospitals in the Incheon metropolitan area. SPSS 18.0 program was used to assess the instrument based on internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity.
Results
WPBN-TI consisted of 16 items with three distinct factors (verbal and nonverbal bullying, work-related bullying, and external threats), which explained 60.3% of the total variance. The convergent validity and determinant validity for WPBN-TI were 100.0%, 89.7%, respectively. Known-groups validity of WPBN-TI was proven through the mean difference between subjective perception of bullying. The satisfied criterion validity for WPBN-TI was more than .70. The reliability of WPBN-TI was Cronbach's α of .91.
Conclusions
WPBN-TI with high validity and reliability is suitable to determine types of bullying in nursing workplace.
Keywords: Workplace bullying; Nurses; Instrument development

This manuscript is a based on a part of the first author's doctoral dissertation from Inha University.

This work was supported by INHA University Research Grant.

REFERENCES

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Figure 1

Framework for theoretical phase of types of workplace bullying.

Table 1

Demographic Characteristics of Participants (N=458)

ICU=Intensive care unit; ER=Emergency room; OR=Operating room; OPD=Outpatient department.

Table 2

Rotated Factor Pattern Matrix and Communality of WPBN-TI

WPBN-TI=Workplace bullying in nursing-type inventory.

Table 3

Multitrait/Multi-item Matrix of WPBN-TI (Correlation Matrix Corrected for Overlap)

WPBN-TI=Workplace bullying in nursing-type inventory.

Table 4

Difference between Subjective Workplace Bullying Victimization and WPBN-TI

WPBN-TI=Workplace bullying in nursing-type inventory; SWPBV=Subjective workplace bullying victimization.

Table 5

Correlations between the WPBN-TI and NAQ-R

WPBN-TI=Workplace bullying in nursing-type inventory; NAQ-R=Negative acts questionnaire-revised.

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

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Development and Validity of Workplace Bullying in Nursing-Type Inventory (WPBN-TI)

J Korean Acad Nurs. 2014;44(2):209-218. Published online April 30, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.2.209

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Development and Validity of Workplace Bullying in Nursing-Type Inventory (WPBN-TI)

Figure 1 Framework for theoretical phase of types of workplace bullying.

Figure 1

Development and Validity of Workplace Bullying in Nursing-Type Inventory (WPBN-TI)

Table 1

Demographic Characteristics of Participants (N=458)

ICU=Intensive care unit; ER=Emergency room; OR=Operating room; OPD=Outpatient department.

Table 2

Rotated Factor Pattern Matrix and Communality of WPBN-TI

WPBN-TI=Workplace bullying in nursing-type inventory.

Table 3

Multitrait/Multi-item Matrix of WPBN-TI (Correlation Matrix Corrected for Overlap)

WPBN-TI=Workplace bullying in nursing-type inventory.

Table 4

Difference between Subjective Workplace Bullying Victimization and WPBN-TI

WPBN-TI=Workplace bullying in nursing-type inventory; SWPBV=Subjective workplace bullying victimization.

Table 5

Correlations between the WPBN-TI and NAQ-R

WPBN-TI=Workplace bullying in nursing-type inventory; NAQ-R=Negative acts questionnaire-revised.

Table 1 Demographic Characteristics of Participants (N=458)

ICU=Intensive care unit; ER=Emergency room; OR=Operating room; OPD=Outpatient department.

Table 2 Rotated Factor Pattern Matrix and Communality of WPBN-TI

WPBN-TI=Workplace bullying in nursing-type inventory.

Table 3 Multitrait/Multi-item Matrix of WPBN-TI (Correlation Matrix Corrected for Overlap)

WPBN-TI=Workplace bullying in nursing-type inventory.

Table 4 Difference between Subjective Workplace Bullying Victimization and WPBN-TI

WPBN-TI=Workplace bullying in nursing-type inventory; SWPBV=Subjective workplace bullying victimization.

Table 5 Correlations between the WPBN-TI and NAQ-R

WPBN-TI=Workplace bullying in nursing-type inventory; NAQ-R=Negative acts questionnaire-revised.