Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Original Articles

Relationship of Workplace Violence to Turnover Intention in Hospital Nurses: Resilience as a Mediator: Kang, Hyun-Jung , Shin, Jaeyong , Lee, Eun-Hyun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(5):728-736. Published online October 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.20147

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the relationship between workplace violence and turnover intention, and the mediation effect of resilience on the relationship in hospital nurses.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 237 registered nurses were recruited from three hospitals in South Korea from April to May 2019. Participants were invited to complete self-reported questionnaires that measure workplace violence, turnover intention, resilience, and demographic information. The data obtained were analyzed using multiple regression and a simple mediation model applying the PROCESS macro with 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval (5,000 bootstrap resampling).
Results
After controlling demographic covariates, workplace violence significantly accounted for the variance of turnover intention. It was also demonstrated that resilience partially mediated the relationship between workplace violence and turnover intention in hospital nurses. A 73.8% of nurses had experienced workplace violence (such as attack on personality, attack on professional status, isolation from work, or direct attack). Conclusion: Workplace violence directly influences turnover intention of nurses and indirectly influences it through resilience. Therefore, hospital administrators need to develop and provide a workplace violence preventive program and resilience enhancement program to decrease nurses’ turnover intention, and leaving.

Citations

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Hemşirelerin İş Yerinde Yaşadıkları Psikolojik Şiddet ile Psikolojik Sağlamlılıkları Arasındaki İlişki
Fatma GÜNDOGDU, Aybüke ULAŞ, Ecem TAŞ, Vildan ÇARDAK, İrem Yaren ŞANDIR, Muhammed DURMAZ, Mehmet Salim ECER
Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi.2023; 6(3): 608. CrossRef
The relationship between workplace violence, emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction and turnover intention among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic
Özlem Gedik, Refika Ülke Şimdi, Şerife Kıbrıs, Derya Kara (Sivuk)
Journal of Research in Nursing.2023; 28(6-7): 448. CrossRef
Associations among the workplace violence, burnout, depressive symptoms, suicidality, and turnover intention in training physicians: a network analysis of nationwide survey
Je-Yeon Yun, Sun Jung Myung, Kyung Sik Kim
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessing the effect of nursing stress factors on turnover intention among newly recruited nurses in hospitals in China
Lulin Zhou, Arielle Doris Kachie Tetgoum, Prince Ewudzie Quansah, Joseph Owusu‐Marfo
Nursing Open.2022; 9(6): 2697. CrossRef
The influence of experienced violence and the clinical learning environment on vocational identity in nursing students
Mira Lee, Hee Ok Park, Insook Lee
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2021; 27(3): 321. CrossRef
Factors Affecting on Turnover Intentions of Emergency Department Nurses who have Experienced Verbal Abuse
Gyoo-Yeong CHO, Mi-Kyung SEO
JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION.2021; 33(2): 314. CrossRef
Effects of the Resilience of Nurses in Long-Term Care Hospitals during on Job Stress COVID-19 Pandemic: Mediating Effects of Nursing Professionalism
Bom-Mi Park, Jiyeon Jung
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(19): 10327. CrossRef
Nurses' Voices: Autumn 2020
Jeung-Im Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2020; 50(5): 644. CrossRef

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The Effect of a Social Skills Program on Violent Behaviors in Children Aged 60~72 Months: Tülay Kuzlu Ayyildiz, Güler Cimete; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(6):771-782. Published online December 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.6.771

Abstract PDF

Purpose

To determine the effects of a child and parent program on developing social skills for preventing violent behaviors in children aged 60~72 months through a specially developed pre and posttest, control group, quasi-experimental study.

Methods

A social skills development program based on Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory was used. The data were collected using the Social Skills Assessment Scale (SSAS), a Chart to Monitor Verbal and Behavioral Violence in Children, the Parental Attitude Scale and the Parent Interview Form. This quasi-experimental study that included a pretest, posttest, and control group had a sample comprising 67 children and parents, with 36 in the experimental group, and 31 in the control group.

Results

Over a six-month period, while the social skill scores of the children in the experimental and control groups increased, their violent behaviors decreased (p<.050). Increase in social skill scores and decrease in violent behaviors were higher in the experimental than in the control group children (p<.050). The parents in the experimental group stated that they had started to empathize with their children, using “I” language, and applied rules more consistently after the program.

Conclusion

This program was successful in preventing violent behaviors in children through the development of social skills. Hence, it can be effectively implemented through a teacher/nurse collaboration.

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Effects of School-Based Interventions Implemented by Nurses for Children Aged 3-6 Years: A Systematic Review of Experimental Evidence
Gökçe Algül, Ebru Kılıçarslan
SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Experiencing Coercive Control in Female Victims of Dating Violence: Jinsook Kwon, Sihyun Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(1):46-58. Published online February 28, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.1.46

Abstract PDF

Background

Dating violence refers to violence occurring between people in an intimate relationship. Forms of dating violence are often categorized into physical, psychological, and sexual violence, and most existing literature has followed this frame. However, few studies have focused on the phenomenon of living under the perpetrator's coercive control in victims of dating violence, although those experiences are known to be signs of severe forms of violence later on.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of being coercively controlled in female victims who had experienced dating violence.

Methods

For this study, in-depth interviews were conducted with a total of 14 female victims, and all interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. The data were analyzed using the phenomenological analysis method suggested by Colaizzi.

Results

Three themes were derived in chronological order: idealizing the relationship (period of potential control), facing severer tyranny (period of coercive control), and escaping from the unending trap (period of post-control). The results showed that the victims experienced perpetrators' control with specific patterns. The perpetrators' controlling behaviors were invisible, literally benevolent, at the beginning; however, severe forms of violence seemed to appear as their relationship deepened and the perpetrators failed to control the victims.

Conclusion

Findings from this study presented vivid experiences of female victims who needed help and care. Hopefully, the results can benefit in terms of developing evidence-based prevention strategies for victims as well as assessing the risks of severe forms of dating violence, such as physical attack or murder.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Emerging Adults’ Experiences of Dating Violence: A Qualitative Exploration
Beatriz Víllora, María Jesús Cava, Sofía Buelga, Raúl Navarro
Victims & Offenders.2025; 20(1): 65. CrossRef
Implementing expressive writing therapy in a virtual setting: A feasibility trial for survivors of intimate partner violence
Sihyun Park, Yejung Ko
The Arts in Psychotherapy.2024; 90: 102197. CrossRef
Development and Validation of the Bystander Engagement Scale for Witnessed Intimate Partner Violence: A South Korean Version
Sihyun Park, Yejung Ko
Journal of Interpersonal Violence.2024; 39(13-14): 2959. CrossRef
Development and Initial Validation of a Scale to Measure Social Abuse in Intimate Partner Relationships
Sihyun Park, Hyunji Woo, Kader Tekkas-Kerman
Journal of Interpersonal Violence.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Social marketing program for dating violence bystander intervention on university campus: analyzing its effectiveness and sociocultural feasibility
Sihyun Park, Yejung Ko
Journal of American College Health.2023; 71(8): 2319. CrossRef
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials for Intimate Partner Violence: The Effects of the Programs Based on Their Purposes
Sihyun Park, Sin-Hyang Kim
Trauma, Violence, & Abuse.2023; 24(4): 2115. CrossRef
Social Abuse in Intimate Partner Relationships: A Hybrid Concept Analysis
Sihyun Park, Jaehee Jeon
Trauma, Violence, & Abuse.2022; 23(5): 1599. CrossRef
Factors Associated with Coping Behaviors of Abused Women: Findings from the 2016 Domestic Violence Survey
Youngran Han, Heejung Kim, Nawon An
Healthcare.2022; 10(4): 622. CrossRef
A mixed‐method pilot study to test a program for friend‐supporters of victims of dating violence
Sihyun Park, Sin‐Hyang Kim
Journal of Community Psychology.2021; 49(5): 1153. CrossRef
“This Society Ignores Our Victimization”: Understanding the Experiences of Korean Male Victims of Intimate Partner Violence
Sihyun Park, Su-Hyang Bang, Jaehee Jeon
Journal of Interpersonal Violence.2021; 36(23-24): 11658. CrossRef
Victims of Intimate Partner Violence in South Korea: Experiences in Seeking Help Based on Support Selection
Sihyun Park, Yejung Ko
Violence Against Women.2021; 27(3-4): 320. CrossRef
An integrative literature review on intimate partner violence against women in South Korea
Hye Young Min, Jung Min Lee, Yoonjung Kim
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2020; 26(4): 260. CrossRef

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Usefulness of Korean Version of Behavioral Cue Checklist for Predicting of Patient Violence in Emergency Departments: Jang Mi Kim, Eun Nam Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(3):289-297. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.3.289

Abstract PDF: Abstract Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of a behavioral cue checklist (BCC) containing 17 items developed by Wilkes et al. (2010) for identifying potentially violent patients in emergency departments.
Methods
This was a prospective observational study to evaluate the usefulness of the Korean version of a BCC (K-BCC) as an assessment tool for predicting patient violence in emergency departments, and was conducted over 4 weeks in a regional emergency medical center located in B City. A total of 1,324 patients were finally analyzed.
Results
Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate whether each item of the K-BCC predicts violence, and a parsimonious set of 8 statistically significant items was selected for the tool. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of the BCC showed that the area under the curve was .97 (95% confidence interval: .94~1.0). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value at the cut-off score of 2 were 75.6%, 98.9%, 68.2%, and 99.2%, respectively.
Conclusion
The K-BCC was found to be useful in predicting patient violence toward emergency department staff. This tool is simple, and fast to use and can play a significantly role identifying potentially violent patients. Owing to this advance identification, this tool can be helpful in preventing the potential for violence from manifesting as violent behaviors.

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The Development of a CD-ROM and an Educational Program for the Prevention Sexual Harassment and Sexual Violence in Preschool Children: Kyung Hye Lee, Ja Hyung Lee, Il Ok Kim, Jeong Yi Bae; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(6):1067-1076. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.6.1067

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE: This study was to developed to create a CD-ROM and an educational program for the prevention of sexual harassment and violence and to contribute to the perception and add to the coping of the victims of sexual harassment and violence as well as the child, parents, and teachers.
METHOD
The study's methods were literature reviews, surveys, and assessments of the negotiation process for educational needs of sexual harassed and abused children.
RESULT
The sexual harassment and violence prevention program will contain four subjects : 1) sexual development of a preschool child, 2) characteristics of sexual harassment and violence of a preschool child, 3) safe sex, early detection of sexual violence syndrome, and coping strategies. The CD-RON was composed from three sites. The first was a child site, the second was a parent/teacher site, and the third was a game site for evaluations. The child site consisted of 10 possible scenarios of sexual harassment and violence that a child could experience. The parent/teacher site consisted of knowledge and information for prevention and coping strategies for sexual harassment and violence. At the end of each situation question and answer sections that were used for formative evaluation. Also, the game site could be a summative evaluation.
CONCLUSION
The effects of this program and the CD-ROM were based of the promotion of reverence for humanity and gender equality for preschool childen. Eventually, children, parents, and teachers will have prevention and coping ability that will reduce the occurrence of sexual harassment and violence in Korea.

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Structural Model Of Delinquent Behavior Influencing by Media Violence: Hyun Sil Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(1):148-159. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.1.148

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to test the theoretical model designed to explain juvenile delinquency by media violence. Data were collected through questionnaire survey over a period of 3 months. Subjects served for this study consisted of 537 adolescents including 217 delinquent adolescents and 320 student adolescents in Korea, sampled from Korean student population and delinquent adolescent population confined in juvenile correctional institutions, using proportional stratified random sampling method. In this study, exogeneous variable was family dynamic environment and endogeneous variables were character of adolescent including need satisfaction/ frustration, sociability, antisocial personality tendency, complaints of psychosomatic symptoms and depressive trend, juvenile delinquent behavior and media violence themes including the extent of interest in and exposure and modelling impulsiveness and modelling to media violence themes. A total of 18 instruments were used to operationalized concepts in this model. A validation study indicated that internal consistencies for the 18 instruments which the researcher used were reliable. The one month test-retest correlation for these instruments ranged from 0.54 to 0.88. Statistical methods employed were descriptive statistics and covariance structural modelling. In summarized conclusion, it was found that media violence served as the most contributor to juvenile delinquency by direct effect of 0.64(t=10.18). That is, as the adolescents have to be the higher extent of interest in and exposure and modelling impulsiveness and modelling to media violence themes, they will show the more frequency of delinquent behavior. The single most powerful contributor by total effect of 0.73(t=7.90) (direct effect=0.19, indirect effect=0.54) to the development of delinquent behavior identified in this study was a construct defining family dynamic environment. That is, as the adolescents had to be more unstable family dynamic environment, they became more frustrated to their psychological need, and revealed the more maladaptive personality pattern, consequently they behaved the higher misconducts such as juvenile delinquency through media violence.

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A Study on the Adolescent's Experiences in Domestic Violence: Kyung Hee Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(1):70-80. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.1.70

Abstract PDF: This study is designed to contribute to the nursing intervention of adolescent domestic violence victims by describing specifically what they go through and on this basis work out a grounded theory on the adolescent's experience in domestic violence. The data were analyzed in the framework of grounded theory as mapped out by Strauss and Corbin(1990). The major findings of this research are as follows : The core category was found to be the adaptation of "Joyudeum" or "Straight jacketing". The sub-categories identified in the process of grounded data analysis were 'menacing', 'being harassed', 'being pressed', 'being attacked', 'being strapped', 'being filled with anger', 'getting angry', 'being oppressed', 'being filled with anger', 'becoming hard', 'endurance', 'regulation', 'seriousness', 'repetition', 'being helpful', 'dependence', 'thinking oriented', 'blowing off', 'going astray', 'self-deprecating', 'shaking off, covering up', 'governing, 'being devoted', 'performing', 'being transformed', 'bolting', 'being shaken', 'withdrawing', 'disliking', 'bolting', 'being shaken', withdrawing', 'disliking', 'bitterness'. These categories were again grouped into 13 categories including 'threatening', 'straight jacketing', 'tolerance', 'violence', 'supporter', 'supporting type', 'thinking oriented', 'impulsive response', 'self-controlled', 'response', 'self-reliance', 'wandering', 'withdrawal' and 'pain'. Of these the five sub-categories 'being filled with anger', 'getting angry', 'being oppressed', 'being strained', 'becoming hard' were grouped into a core category "straight jacketing". Those adolescents brought up in a violent family go through three stages of the adaptation of "straight jacketing". that is, generation, response and adaptation. The following four theses were confirmed on the basis of repetitive relations : 1) If a subject's tolerance is strong, the episodes of the violence are frequent and serious, with the resulting straight jacketing being stronger but the subject's supporter is highly mature, the supporting type is concrete and the thinking oriented is wishful, the responses to the straight jacketing result in a self-control whose consequence is self-reliance with part of it resulted in withdrawal and pain. 2) If a subject's tolerance is weak, the episodes of the violence are frequent but not serious, with the resulting straight jacketing being weaker but the subject's supporter is immature, the supporting type is superficial and the thinking oriented is extemporary, the responses to the straight jacketing result in an impulsion whose consequence is wandering with prat of it resulted in withdrawal and pain. 3) If a subject's tolerance is weak, the episodes of the violence are frequent and serious, the straight jacketing is strong, the subject's supporter is immature and the supporting type is superficial but the thinking oriented is wishful, the responses to the straight jacketing result in an impulsion whose consequence is withdrawal and pain with part of it resulted in wandering. 4) If a subject's tolerance is strong and the episodes of the violence are infrequent and not serious, the straight jacketing is weak, the subject's supporter is immature and the supporting type is superficial but the thinking oriented is wishful, the responses to the straight jacketing result in a self-control whose consequence is withdrawal and pain with part of it resulted in self-reliance.

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Validation of a Path Model on Adolescents' Suicidal Ideation and Violent Behavior: Hyun Sook Park; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(6):835-843. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.6.835

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: This study examined the fitness of a path model on the relationship among stress, self-esteem, aggression, depression, suicidal ideation, and violent behavior for adolescents. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 1,177 adolescents. Data was collected through self-report questionnaires. The data was analyzed by the SPSS and AMOS programs. RESULTS: Stress, self-esteem, aggression, and depression showed a direct effect on suicidal ideation for adolescents, while stress, self-esteem, and aggression showed an indirect effect on suicidal ideation for adolescents. Stress, self-esteem, aggression, and suicidal ideation showed a direct effect on violent behavior for adolescents, while stress, self-esteem, aggression, and depression showed an indirect effect on violent behavior for adolescents. The modified path model of adolescent's suicidal ideation and violent behavior was proven correct. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that adolescent's suicidal ideation and violent behavior can be decreased by reducing stress, aggression, and depression and increasing self-esteem. Based on the outcomes of this study, it is necessary to design an intervention program that emphasizes reducing stress, aggression, and depression and increasing self-esteem in order to decrease adolescents' suicide ideation and violence.

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Aggression and Violent Behavior.2022; 64: 101576. CrossRef
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(6): 851. CrossRef
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Hyun Sook Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(4): 513. CrossRef

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The Reactions of Emergency Department Nurses to Violence: Q-Methodological Approach: Eun Young Park, Ji Min Seo, Hyeon Ok Ju, Eun Nam Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(5):762-771. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.5.762

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the reactions of emergency department nurses to violence.

Methods

Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used. Thirty emergency department nurses classified 33 selected Q-statements into a normal distribution using a 9 point scale. The collected data was analyzed using the Quanl PC Program.

Results

Three types of reactions to violence were identified. The first type(emotional and physical reactions) showed a sense of regret on the selection of an occupation and emotional and physical reactions such as anxiety, fear, depression, hopelessness, heart palpitations and trembling hands due to the violence. The second type(problem solving) actively coped to prevent the occurrence of violence, grasped the causes of violence and sought out a problem solving plan. The third type(anger reactions) felt a lot of anger against violence, and resented their reality of working under conditions of inadequately secured facilities and systems.

Conclusion

The emotional and physical reactions type and the anger reactions type should be required to attend educational programs to improve attitudes and abilities to solve the problems in a more active and positive manner.

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Effects of the Violence Experience and Emotional Labor on Burnout among Tertiary Hospital Nurses
Su Hyang Kim, Yoon Goo Noh
Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2022; 47(4): 290. CrossRef
Experiences of violence, burnout and job satisfaction in Korean nurses in the emergency medical centre setting
Hee Sook Yoon, Sohyune R Sok
International Journal of Nursing Practice.2016; 22(6): 596. CrossRef
Convergent approach of phenomenological methodology about Emergency Nurses' experience of hospital violence
Young-Hee Jeong
Journal of the Korea Convergence Society.2015; 6(5): 63. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Burnout in Emergency Room Nurses
Hee-Young Jung, Sun-Ok Kim, In-Sook Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2014; 23(1): 1. CrossRef
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Eun Young Park, Eun-Nam Lee
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2014; 26(5): 500. CrossRef
Coping Styles toward Hospital Violence in Clinical Nurses: An Application of Q Methodology
Eunho Ha, Jinyoung Cho
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2013; 25(3): 263. CrossRef

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Health as Expanding Consciousness: Based on the Experiences of Victims of Sexual Violence: Su Ja Gong; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(6):913-923. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.6.913

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was to explore health experiences of victims of sexual violence reflected in Newman's health as expanding consciousness theory.

Method

Nurse as researcher use Newman's praxis methodology because it is good for showing the process of interaction between researcher and sexual abuse victims.

Results

The significant characteristics of early health experiences during negative situations were a lot of suffering. However, after a turning point in health experience, the health experiences of most of the participants evolved as expanding consciousness.

Conclusion

The study has provided support for Newman's theory of health. Most of the participants recognised meanings in their patterns and trustful caring relationships with the nurse as researcher. Pattern recognition as a nursing practice was a meaningful transforming process in the participant-nurse partnership.

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Discriminant Factors of Attitude Pattern toward Sexual Violence of College Women
Mi-Hae Sung, Young Mi Lim
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2009; 15(4): 312. CrossRef

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The Effects of Violence Coping Program Based on Middle-Range Theory of Resilience on Emergency Room Nurses’ Resilience, Violence Coping, Nursing Competency and Burnout: Seung Min Lee, Kyung Mi Sung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(3):332-344. Published online January 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.3.332

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a violence coping program (VCP) based on Polk's middle-range theory of resilience on nursing competency, resilience, burnout, and the ability to cope with violence in nurses working in emergency rooms.

Methods

A quasi-experimental study, with a nonequivalent control group and a pretest-posttest design, was conducted. Participants were 36 nurses who worked in emergency rooms and had experienced violence; 18 nurses from D hospital and 18 nurses from C hospital were assigned to the experimental and control groups, respectively. The experimental group received the VCP twice per week for 8 weeks.

Results

Levels of resilience, F=59.41, p<.001, active coping behavior, c²=33.09, p<.001, and nursing competency, F=59.41 p<.001, increased significantly and levels of passive coping behavior, c²=22.92, p<.001, and burnout, F=52.74, p<.001, decreased significantly in the experimental group.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the VCP could be an effective strategy for reducing burnout and improving resilience, active coping behavior, and nursing competency. Therefore, it would be a useful intervention for improving the quality of nursing care provided in emergency rooms.

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Relationship of Workplace Violence to Turnover Intention in Hospital Nurses: Resilience as a Mediator
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Validity and Reliability of ARQ-K (Korean Version of the Assault Response Questionnaire) for Emergency Department Nurses in Korea: Moon Jung Jang, Eun Nam Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(4):544-553. Published online August 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.4.544

Abstract PDF

Purpose

To investigate the validity and reliability of the Korean Version of the Assault Response Questionnaire (ARQ-K) measuring the intensity of reaction to victimization of emergency nurses in Korea.

Methods

An internal consistency reliability and construct validity using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted using SPSS WIN (20.0) and AMOS (20.0). Survey data were collected from 321 nurses who worked in 3 levels - wide regional emergency centers, regional emergency centers, appointed emergency centers - of emergency care facilities in Busan, Korea.

Results

The Cronbach's alpha values regarding internal consistency were .77~.93 for the subscales of ARQ-K. Factor loadings of the 26 items on the four subscales ranged from .59 to .84. The four-subscale model was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (χ²/df=3.85, p < .001, RMR=.06, GFI=.80, NFI=.81, TLI=.83, CFI=.85, RMSEA=.09).

Conclusion

This study shows that the Korean Version of the Assault Response Questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to assess nurses' reaction to victimization of emergency nurses in Korea.

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Violent Experiences and Coping among Home Visiting Health Care Workers in Korea: In Sook Lee, Kwang Ok Lee, Hee Sun Kang, Yeon-Hwan Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(1):66-75. Published online February 29, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.1.66

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore violent experiences of home visiting health care workers in Korea.

Methods

This study was a cross-sectional survey. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires from 1,640 health care workers. Data collection was done between September 1, 2009 and June 30, 2010.

Results

Of the respondents, 70.6% had experienced work-related violence. Shouting (51.9%) was the most common verbal violence, followed by verbalizing sexual remarks to the health care workers (19.0%) and touching the hands (16.5%), the most common acts relating to sexual harassment. Of the respondents who had experienced violence, 50.9% told their peers about the incidents. However, the major reasons why they did not report these incidents was due to the fact that they felt it was useless to file reports and that they expected such incidents to occur as part of their job. The majority of the respondents (86.4%) wanted education on how to deal with such violence at work.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that efforts should be made to increase awareness and to minimize violence in the workplace. Also, educational programs should be designed to improve knowledge and to prevent workplace violence.

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The Influence of Workplace Violence on Work-related Anxiety and Depression Experience among Korean Employees: Eun Sook Choi, Hye-Sun Jung, Su-Hyun Kim, Hyunju Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(5):650-661. Published online October 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.5.650

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Work-related anxiety and depression are frequent work-related mental health problems. In this study the relationship between workplace violence and work-related anxiety and/or depression among Korean employees was evaluated.

Methods

Data were obtained from the Korean Working Condition Survey of 2006. Participants were 9,094 Korean workers aged 15-64 yr. Multiple logistic regression using SAS version 9.1 was used.

Results

The incidence of work-related anxiety, work-related depression and workplace violence were 4.5%, 3.5%, and 1.8% respectively. When personal and occupational risk factors were adjusted, workplace violence was significantly associated with work-related anxiety and depression (OR for anxiety: 4.07, CI: 2.62-6.34; OR for depression: 4.60, CI: 2.92-7.25). Work-related anxiety was significantly related to type of employment, working period at present workplace, work time, shift work, job demand, and social support from superiors. Factors influencing work-related depression were gender, education, alcohol consumption, company size, type of employment, working period at present workplace, work time, shift work, and job demand.

Conclusion

To promote psychological health in workers there is a need to develop work-related anxiety and depression prevention programs and to decrease in workplace violence. In developing these programs, consideration should be given to personal factors, working conditions, and psychosocial working environments.

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The Development of an Integrated Suicide·Violence Prevention Program for Adolescents: Hyun Sook Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2008;38(4):513-521. Published online August 31, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.4.513

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop an integrated suicide·violence prevention program for adolescents. Another purpose was to evaluate the effects of the integrated suicide·violence prevention program on self-esteem, parent-child communication, aggression, and suicidal ideation in adolescents.

Methods

The study employed a quasi -experimental design. Participants for the study were high school students, 24 in the experimental group and 25 in the control group. Data was analyzed by using the SPSS/WIN. 11.5 program with χ² test, t-test, and 2-way ANOVA.

Results

Participants in the integrated suicide·violence prevention program reported increased self-esteem scores, which was significantly different from those in the control group. Participants in the integrated suicide·violence prevention program reported decreased aggression and suicidal ideation scores, which was significantly different from those in the control group.

Conclusion

The integrated suicide·violence prevention program was effective in improving self-esteem and decreasing aggression and suicidal ideation for adolescents. Therefore, this approach is recommended as the integrated suicide·violence prevention strategy for adolescents.

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Hyun Sook Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(6): 851. CrossRef

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The effect of a Group Therapy for the Offenders of Family Violence: Mi-Yeul Hyun; J Korean Acad Nurs 2008;38(3):420-427. Published online June 30, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.3.420

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of group therapy to the improvement of self-esteem, anger, stress coping and communication of those who were violent in to family.
Methods
The research design was a one-group-pretest-posttest design in quasi-experimental research, and the period of this study was from March to October, 2005. Participants were 14 offenders who were ordered to be counseled according to 'the special exemption law for punishing domestic violence.' Group therapy was applied once a week for 8 weeks. Results were collected by using a questionnaire for self-esteem, anger, stress coping and communication. In the data analysis, Wilcoxon signed test with SPSS/WIN 12.0 program was used.
Results
The scores of self-esteem and communication showed statistically significant improvement from pre to post therapy. However, the scores of anger and stress coping were not significantly changed from pre to post therapy.
Conclusion
This group therapy was effective in improving the self-esteem and communication in offenders of family violence.

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Relationships among Cybersex Addiction, Gender Egalitarianism, Sexual Attitude and the Allowance of Sexual Violence in Adolescents: Hyun Young Koo, Seong Sook Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(7):1202-1211. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.7.1202

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to investigate cybersex addiction, gender egalitarianism, sexual attitude and the allowance of sexual violence in adolescents, and to identify the relationships among these variables.

Method

The participants were 690 students from two middle schools and three high schools in Seoul. Data was collected through selfreport questionnaires which included a cybersex addiction index, a Korean gender egalitarianism scale for adolescents, a sexual attitude scale and a scale for the allowance of sexual violence. The data was analyzed using the SPSS program.

Results

Of the adolescents, 93.3% reported not being addicted to cybersex, 5.7% reported being mildly addicted, 0.4% moderately addicted, and 0.6% severely addicted. Cybersex addiction, gender egalitarianism, sexual attitude and the allowance of sexual violence in adolescents were different according to general characteristics. Cybersex addiction of adolescents correlated with gender egalitarianism, sexual attitude and the allowance of sexual violence.

Conclusion

Gender egalitarianism, sexual attitude and the allowance of sexual violence in adolescents were influenced by cybersex addiction. Therefore, nursing interventions for prevention and management of cybersex addiction need to be developed and provided to adolescents. In addition, varied programs for teaching sexuality to adolescents should be developed and provided.

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Jae Woong Shim
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Sun Young Jung, Hyun Sook Park, Geum Yi Jo
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