Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Subjectivity on Stressful Life Events of Middle-aged Women: A Q Methodology Approach: Hye Sook Shin; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(3):406-415. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.3.406

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE: This study measures the subjectivity on stressful life events of middle- aged women. METHOD: Q-Methodological method was used for that purpose. As for the research method, Q-statements were collected reliminary to the study of through in-depth interviews and a literature review. For the study 38 Q-statements were selected. There were 28 middle aged women as subjects for the research. Q-Factor Analysis by using PC Quanl Program to supply the material. RESULT: Through the result of this study, the stressful life events of middle-aged women could be identified by 4 types. The type I is called the conflict in relationship with husband's family members. The type II is called lack of marital intimacy. The type III is called low self-esteem. The type IV is called changing life cycle itself. CONCLUSION: Therefore, identifing the subjectivity on the stressful life events of middle-aged women would be a basic step for the understanding of middle aged women.

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A Subjectivity Study on Type of Emotional Response of Stroke Patient: Soo Yeon Ahn; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(3):584-594. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.3.584

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to identify emotional responses, of stroke patients using Q analysis. From the data analysis, five types of emotional responses in stroke patients were classified as follows. 1. Acceptance and Overcoming : They attached to life strongly and had self-confidence of recovery. They were striving against their situation through using anything else good for their recovery. 2. Anger Type : They recognized a labile feeling and were angered easily. They had a self-confident and self-esteemed personality before they had a stroke. 3. Conflict Type : They wanted interaction with others. This individual recognized that no one knows their agonies. They were thankful to god or their family, while they could not control their minds. Their family supports were low. 4. Deficiency of self-esteem Type : They had a self-confidence of recovery, but they were in fear of interaction with others. Especially, they were ashamed of themselves. They have a high sense of responsibility and nigh self-esteem for themselves before they had a stroke. 5. Despair Type. : They were sorry to trouble their family. They felt depression, anxiety, darkness, uselessness of themselves, and they wanted to die. They recognized financial burden. for their family. The characteristics of the five types of stroke patient identified in this study will be used to assess emotional nursing needs for stroke patients. The findings of this study will provide practical guidelines for developing nursing interventions for stroke patients based on the characteristics of subjectivity types.

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Attitudes of Elderly Koreans toward Suicide: a Q-Methodological Approach: Kae Hwa Jo, Hyun Ji Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(6):905-916. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.6.905

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purpose of this study was to analyze the types of suicide attitudes among the Korean elderly.
Method
The Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used. Thirty-four selected Q-statements from 38 subjects were classified into a shape of normal distributionusing a 9 point scale. The collected data was analyzed using a QUANL PC program.
Result
Three types of suicide attitudes for research subjects in Korean elderly were identified. Type I is understanding suicide-self conquest and labor type, Type II is opposing suicide-family band foundation type, and Type III is sympathizing with suicide-painful situation escaping type.
Conclusion
The results of the study indicate that different approaches of suicide prevention programs are recommended based on the three types of suicide attitudes among Korean elderly.

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Types of Students' Death Attitudes Majoring in Human Service Area: Q-Methodological Approach: Kae Hwa Jo, Hyun Ji Lee, Yun Ju Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(5):829-841. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.5.829

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purpose of this study was to analyze death attitudes of students majoring in the human service area, such as nursing science, education, and social welfare.
Method
The Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used. The 38 selected Q-statements from each of 42 subjects were classified into a shape of normal distribution using a 9 point scale. The collected data was analyzed using a QUANL PC program.
Result
Four types of death attitudes for research subjects in nursing, education, and social welfare areas were identified. Type I is fatalistic admission, Type II is pursuit of existential life, Type III is uncertainty of life after death, and Type IV is separation-connection between life and death.
Conclusion
The results of the study indicate that different approaches of death educational programs are recommended based on the four types of death attitudes.

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A Q-methodological Study on Nursing Students' Attitudes toward Nursing Ethics: Eun Ja Yeun, Young Mi Kwon, Hung Kyu Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(8):1434-1442. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.8.1434

Abstract PDF: Purpose
Professional nursing ethics is a living, dynamic set of standards for nurses'professional moral behavior. Furthermore, in daily clinical nursing training, nursing students are constantly confronted with decisionmaking that is moral in nature. The aim of this study was to identify the perceived ethical attitudes in the clinical training process of senior nursing students using Q-methodology to offer basic strategies for nursing ethics education and thereby improve patients'care.
Methods
Q-methodology provides a scientific method for identifying perception structures that exist within certain individuals or groups. Thirty-seven participants in a university rated 38 selected Q-statements on a scale of 1-9. The collected data were analyzed using pc-QUNAL software.
Results
Principal component analysis identified 3 types of ethical attitudes in nursing students in Korea. The categories were labeled Sacred-life, Science-realistic and Humane-life. Sacred-life individuals think that a life belongs to an absolute power (God), not a man, and a human life is a high and noble thing. Science-realistic individuals disagreed that allowing an induced abortion or embryo (human) duplication is unethical behavior that provokes a trend, which takes the value of a life lightly; most of them took a utilitarian position with respect to ethical decisions. Humane-life individuals exhibit a tendency toward human-centered thought with respect to ethical attitudes.
Conclusion
This study will be of interest to educators of students of nursing and hospital nursing administrators. Also, the findings may provide the basis for the development of more appropriate strategies to improve nursing ethics education programs.

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