The Purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of fatigue and the relationship between fatigue and related factors in patients on hemodialysis. This study was a survey study using a cross-sectional design. The subjects for this study were 101 patients on hemodialysis who were registered in the six hemodialysis clinics among a total of eleven clinics in Seoul. The period of data collection was from February 28, 1995 to May 2, 1995. Data were collected through an interview with a structured packet and the physiological data. The tools used in this study were the Visual Analogue Scale-Fatigue developed by Lee et al(1990) and translated by Lee (1991), the fatigue interview schedule developed by this reseacher, Zung's self rating depression scale (Zung, 1965), the self-efficacy scale developed by Sherer et al(1982) and the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire (NSSQ) translated by Oh (1984). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency, range), Pearson correlation coefficients and Stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows: 1. Characteristics of Fatigue of hemodialysis patients: 1) 79 of 101 hemodialysis patients complained fatigue. 2) The mean fatigue score as measured by the VAS-F was 36.2mm. 3) The mean duration of fatigue was 2.9 hours 2. Characteristics of fatigue related factors: 1) The physiologic factor which included Hgb, Hct, BUN, creatinine, potassium and inter-dialytic weight gain deviated from normal range. 2) The psychological factor which included depression and self-efficacy was about the same level as for patients with other chronic diseases. 3) The environmental factor which included social support had wide variation. 3. The relationship between fatigue and related factors: 1) Interdialytic weight gain in the physiological factor was the only valuable with fatigue (p<.05) 2) The relationship between fatigue and the psychological factor of depression showed a positive and strong correlation (p<.05). According to the findings of this study, fatigue was highly correlated with the depression, This indicates that nurses should try to assess and control psychological factors when patients complain of fatigue rather than just considering physiological factors. Nursing has to develop effective nursing interventions to reduce fatigue in patients with chronic diseases using the relationship between fatigue and physiological, psychological and environmental factors.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• The Effect of Dialysate Flow Rate on Dialysis Adequacy and Fatigue in Hemodialysis Patients
  Sun Mi Cha, Hye Sook Min
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2016; 46(5): 642.     CrossRef

Massage therapy is a traditional, alternative and nonphamacological means of promoting rest and relaxation. However, nursing intervention by massage for middle-aged women is rarely practiced by nurses. The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of the hand and arm massage as an independent nursing intervention tool for middle- aged women. The data used in this research were collected from forty-nine subjects using a nonequivalent control group non- synchronized design. Twenty-four persons for the experimental group and Twenty-five persons for the control group were selected from D city and C city from July 1997 to September 2000. Subjects' ages were between forty and fifty-six years old with mean the age of 45.6. Hand and arm massage developed by Cayce and Reilly was applied to the experimental group for a session of 15 minutes two or three times a week for four weeks. The instruments used for the measurement of the subjects' stress, anxiety, depression and the middle-life crisis were Langners's 22-item Screening Score, Spielberger's State Anxiety Inventory, Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale, and Kim's Middle Life Crisis Scale(1988). These psychological factors were measured before and after the implementation of hand and arm massage. The data were analyzed with mean+/-s.d, percent, t-test, and a paired t-test. The results were summarized as follows; 1. Before the treatment, there were no significant differences between the two groups. 2. After the treatment, there were significant differences in the stress and the occurrence of mid life crisis between the two groups. The findings suggest that the use of the hand and arm massage for middle-aged women made significant changes in the level of stress and middle life crisis. Therefore, it is recommended that hand and arm massage be used as an independent nursing intervention tool for middle-aged women. For further research, is needed replication of this concept of research with different subjects in a larger population. Also, it is recommended to investigate the effects of massage with aroma therapy for the berefit of decreasing womens' stress level further.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Effects of Sorusangzi Massage on Stress, Fatigue, and Depression in Middle-aged Working Women
  Ji On Park, Yun Hee Son, Eun-Hwa Ju
  Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology.2017; 15(1): 55.     CrossRef
• Research Trend on Aromatherapy for Korean Middle-aged Women
  Hee-Jung Yong, Hyun Hee Jang, Sung Nae Lee, Soo-Yeon Kim, Young-Sam Kim
  Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology.2017; 15(1): 113.     CrossRef
• Analysis of Studies on Hand Massage Published in Korea: On the Effects of Sleep, Pain, Anxiety and Depression
  In-Ja Kim, Yu-Na Cho
  The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2012; 15(1): 47.     CrossRef
• Effects of Hand Holding on Self-esteem and Assertiveness in Women Patients with Depression
  Mi-Hae Sung, Mi Young Choi, Ok Bong Eum
  Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2010; 19(2): 154.     CrossRef

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Development and validation of a Chinese insulin medication literacy scale for patients with diabetes mellitus
  Fangying Si, Tao Feng, Xiangfen Shi, Sufang Chen
  Frontiers in Pharmacology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Using Motivational Interviewing to Overcome Psychological Insulin Resistance
  Sung-Chul Lim
  The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2023; 24(4): 227.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing the Subjective Health Status of Men with Insulin-treated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Secondary Analysis Using Quantile Regression Analysis
  Kang Sun Lee, Hyuk Joon Kim, Young Man Kim, Hye Young Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2023; 30(4): 530.     CrossRef
• Factors affecting the health status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving insulin treatments: A multi‐mediation path analysis
  Kang Sun Lee, Hye Young Kim, Heung Young Jin
  Journal of Clinical Nursing.2022; 31(9-10): 1285.     CrossRef
• Psychological Insulin Resistance: Key Factors and Intervention
  Yeon Jeong Jang
  The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2021; 22(3): 192.     CrossRef
• Diyabetli Hastalarda Psikolojik İnsülin Direnci Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması
  Kevser IŞIK, Hilal YILDIRIM, Zeliha CENGİZ
  Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.2021; 15(4): 726.     CrossRef
• The role of psychological insulin resistance in diabetes self‐care management
  Ancho Lim, Youngshin Song
  Nursing Open.2020; 7(3): 887.     CrossRef
• Psychological Insulin Resistance and Low Self-efficacy as Barriers to Diabetes Self-care Management in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
  Bohyun Kim, Youngshin Song, Jong Im Kim
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2019; 31(1): 61.     CrossRef
• Factors influencing psychological insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes patients
  Ji Hyeon Yu, Hye Young Kim, Sung Reul Kim, Eun Ko, Heung Yong Jin
  International Journal of Nursing Practice.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Assessing Psychological Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes: a Critical Comparison of Measures
  E. Holmes-Truscott, F. Pouwer, J. Speight
  Current Diabetes Reports.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Development and validation of a distress measurement for insulin injections among patients with diabetes
  Eujin Choi, Min-Sun Kim, Juhee Cho, Sooyeon Kim, Eun Kyung Kwon, Youngha Kim, Danbee Kang, Sung Yoon Cho
  Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Mediating Effect of Experiential Avoidance on the Relationship between Diabetes Distress and Self-Stigma in People with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in Republic of Korea
  Kawoun Seo
  Healthcare.2023; 11(20): 2773.     CrossRef
• The Mediating Effect of Acceptance Action in the Relationship between Diabetes Distress and Self-stigma among Old Adults with Diabetes in South Korea
  Hyesun Kim, Kawoun Seo
  Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2022; 33(4): 446.     CrossRef
• Psychological Insulin Resistance: Key Factors and Intervention
  Yeon Jeong Jang
  The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2021; 22(3): 192.     CrossRef
• The role of psychological insulin resistance in diabetes self‐care management
  Ancho Lim, Youngshin Song
  Nursing Open.2020; 7(3): 887.     CrossRef
• Effect of Psychological Insulin Resistance, Diabetes Distress, and Diabetes Self-Efficacy on the Insulin Therapy Adherence of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: An Analysis Based on the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model
  Ji-Soon Kang, Jun-Hee Park, Jeong-Won Han
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2020; 32(2): 167.     CrossRef
• Willingness of people with Type 2 diabetes to start insulin therapy: Evidence from the South African Tshwane Insulin Project (TIP)
  Patrick Ngassa Piotie, Paola Wood, Elizabeth M. Webb, Tessa S. Marcus, Paul Rheeder
  Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2020; 168: 108366.     CrossRef
• Predictors of glycemic control after decline of insulin therapy by patients with type 2 diabetes
  Luisa Florez, Maria Shubina, Alexander Turchin
  Journal of Diabetes and its Complications.2019; 33(11): 107418.     CrossRef
• Psychological Insulin Resistance and Low Self-efficacy as Barriers to Diabetes Self-care Management in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
  Bohyun Kim, Youngshin Song, Jong Im Kim
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2019; 31(1): 61.     CrossRef
• Factors influencing psychological insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes patients
  Ji Hyeon Yu, Hye Young Kim, Sung Reul Kim, Eun Ko, Heung Yong Jin
  International Journal of Nursing Practice.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Development of a Psychological Insulin Resistance Scale for Korean Patients with Diabetes
  Youngshin Song, Younghee Jeon, Jeonghwa Cho, Bohyun Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2016; 46(6): 813.     CrossRef