Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Original Articles

Continence Self-Efficacy to Increase PFM Exercise Adherence in SUI: Jeung Im Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(7):1743-1751. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.7.1743

Abstract PDF: Stress urinary incontinence is most common type in urinary incontinence. Most women had been suffering with stress urinary incontinence for more than a year in the community without seeking medical help. Under the assumption that stress urinary incontinence will be treated or improved by keeping PFM exercise with his/her continence confidence, this study was conducted. This study examined Continence self-efficacy effect on PFM exercise adherence. Subject were in 48 women aged 20 to 75 years with stress urinary incontinence and were recommended by their doctor to attempt PFM exercise as one treatment method.. Data were collected by self-administered report using Continence Self-Efficacy Scale, PFM exercise adherence check sheet. Telephone support was used as a method of CEIP to increase Continence self-efficacy. Continence self-efficacy score was higher in the intervention group than in control group (T=-3.23, P<.01), PFM exercise adherence was better in the intervention group than in control group (T=-4.03, P<.001). Through this research, it was also found that there were three types in attitude toward treatment; those who want to be treated completely, those who want to be relieved, and those who think urine loss is no problem. It can be concluded that to increase Continence self-efficacy was useful to the PFM exercise adherence of women with stress urinary incontinence.

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The Comparison of the Effectiveness of Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise and Biofeedback Treatment for Stress Incontinence in Korean Women: Young Hee Choi, Myung Sook Sung, Jae Yup Hong; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(1):34-47. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.1.34

This study evaluated the Comparison of the Effectiveness of Pelvic Floor Muscle exercise and Biofeedback treatment for Genuine Stress Incontinence I assigned 60 participants to 2 groups : 30 to the pelvic floor muscle exercise group and 30 to the biofeedback group. Treatment protocol lasted for 6 weeks. Peak pressure, and duration time of pelvic muscle contraction were evaluated by a perineometer. Lower urinary symptoms, sexual matter and life style scores were achieved by using Jackson's scale. The treatment efficacy of the pelvic floor muscle exercise is compared with the biofeedback group and the main results of the comparison are as follows: 1. Pelvic muscle contraction 1) The peak pressure in the biofeedback group was significantly increased(P=0.000). 2. The frequency and quantity of incontinence 1) The frequency of incontinence in the biofeedback group was significantly decreased(P=0.000). 2) The quantity of incontinence in the biofeedback group was significantly decreased(P=0.000). 3. The lower urinary symptoms Daily frequency(P=0.000), nocturia(P=0.000), urgency(P=0.000), bladder pain(P=0.000), unexplained incontinence(P=0.048), wearing protection(P=0.022), changing outer clothing(P=0.005), hesitancy(P=0.008), intermittent stream(P=0.000), abnormal strength of stream(P=0.004), retention(P=0.000), incomplete emptying(P=0.000), and inability to stop mid steam(P=0.006) of the lower urinary symptoms in the biofeedback group were significantly decreased. 4. The sexual matters The dry vagina(P=0.004) and pain during sexual intercourse(P=0.002) in the biofeedback group was significantly decreased. 5. The life style. The fluid intake restriction(P=0.007), affected daily task(P=0.003), avoidance of places & situation(P=0.003), interference in Physical activity(P=0.002), interference in relationship with other people(P=0.01), and feeling about the rest of life with urinary symptom(P=0.000) in the biofeedback group were significantly decreased. In conclusion, the biofeedback treatment was more effective than the pelvic floor muscle exercise in genuine stress incontinence.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Effect of Pila-dance to Ease Urinary Incontinence of Middle-aged Women
Hye-Jeon Hong
The Korean Journal of Physical Education.2018; 57(2): 431. CrossRef
The Convergence Study on the Effects of Three Pelvic Floor Muscle Excercise on Thickness of Pelvic Floor Muscle and Abdominal Muscles
Si-Eun Kang, Jae-Hoon Shim, Sung-Dae Choung
Journal of the Korea Convergence Society.2016; 7(1): 105. CrossRef
Effect of Moxibustion at Junggeuk(CV3), Singwol(CV8) on Women's Urinary Incontinence and Quality of Life
Eun-Sook Lee, Yi-Soon Kim, Jeong-Won Lee, Mi-Jung Oh, Gyeong-Cheol Kim
Korean Journal of Acupuncture.2013; 30(3): 193. CrossRef
Effects of an Incontinence Prevention Program on Postpartum Women
Nam Ok Jeong
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2009; 15(3): 177. CrossRef

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Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise by Biofeedback and Electrical Stimulation to Reinforce the Pelvic Floor Muscle after Normal Delivery: In Sook Lee, Euy Soon Choi; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(8):1374-1380. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.8.1374

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle exercise using biofeedback and electrical stimulation after normal delivery.

Methods

The subjects of this study were 49 (experimental group: 25, control group: 24) postpartum women who passed 6 weeks after normal delivery without complication of pregnancy, delivery and postpartum. The experimental group was applied to the pelvic muscle enforcement program by biofeedback and electrical stimulation for 30 minutes per session, twice a week for 6 weeks, after then self-exercise of pelvic floor muscle was done 50-60 repetition per session, 3 times a day for 6 weeks. Maximum pressure of pelvic floor muscle contraction (MPPFMC), average pressure of pelvic floor muscle contraction (APPFMC), duration time of pelvic floor muscle contraction (DTPFMC) and the subjective lower urinary symptoms were measured by digital perineometer and Bristol Female Urinary Symptom Questionnaire and compared between two groups prior to trial, at the end of treatment and 6 weeks after treatment.

Results

The results of this study indicated that MPPFMC, APPFMC, DTPFMC were significantly increased and subjective lower urinary symptoms were significantly decreased after treatment in the experimental group than in the control group.

Conclusions

This study suggested that the pelvic floor muscle exercise using biofeedback and electrical stimulation might be a safer and more effective program for reinforcing pelvic floor muscle after normal delivery.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Impact of postpartum exercise on pelvic floor disorders and diastasis recti abdominis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Nicole F Beamish, Margie H Davenport, Muhammad Usman Ali, Matthew J Gervais, Talia Noel Sjwed, Gyanjot Bains, Allison Sivak, Rita E Deering, Stephanie-May Ruchat
British Journal of Sports Medicine.2025; 59(8): 562. CrossRef
Childbirth as Fault Lines: Justifications in Physician–Patient Interactions About Postnatal Rehabilitation
Xin Li, Yinong Tian, Yanping Meng, Lanzhong Wang, Yonggang Su
Health Care Analysis.2024; 32(4): 312. CrossRef
Pelvic floor muscle exercises plus biofeedback versus pelvic floor muscle exercises for patients with stress urinary incontinence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Amina Pulatova, Nagima Mamedaliyeva, Gulzhakhan Omarova, Gulfairuz Urazbayeva, Ainura Veliyeva
Electronic Journal of General Medicine.2023; 20(5): em520. CrossRef
Effectiveness of physiotherapy for lower urinary tract symptoms in postpartum women: systematic review and meta-analysis
Dai Zhu, Zhijun Xia, Zhiqi Yang
International Urogynecology Journal.2022; 33(3): 507. CrossRef
A network meta-analysis protocol of conservative interventions for urinary incontinence in postpartum women
Yang Wang, Hui Li, Jun Wang, Qinghong Hao, Yang Tu, Yalin Chen, Mimi Qiu, Wei Peng, Yunlu Liu, Tianmin Zhu
Medicine.2020; 99(33): e21772. CrossRef
The molecular effects of electrical stimulation on the muscle components of the urethra of female rats after trauma by vaginal distention
Gisela R. F. Salerno, Maria A. T. Bortolini, Regina C. T. Gomes, Suellen M. Feitosa, Manuel J. Simões, Edmar Zanoteli, Fernanda L. Castanho, Rodrigo A. Castro
Neurourology and Urodynamics.2020; 39(2): 576. CrossRef
Effect of pelvic floor muscle training on postpartum sexual function and quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials
Zahra Hadizadeh-Talasaz, Ramin Sadeghi, Talaat Khadivzadeh
Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology.2019; 58(6): 737. CrossRef

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Effectiveness of a Behavioral Intervention Program for Urinary Incontinence in a Community Setting: Hyun Soo Oh, Mi Kyung Kim, Wha Sook Seo; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(8):1476-1484. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.8.1476

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purposes of this study were to examine the effectiveness of a behavioral intervention program combining pelvic floor muscle exercise with bladder training for urinary incontinence and also to conduct follow-up assessment after self-training.
Methods
This study was conducted using a non-equivalent control group, pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 60 middle-aged women (control group, n=30; intervention group, n=30) who experienced an episode of urinary incontinence at least once a week. The program was run over a 4 week period (once a week) and composed of urinary incontinence education, pelvic floor muscle exercise, and bladder training.
Results
Overall, there was a significant difference in urinary incontinence symptoms and psycho-social well-being related to urinary incontinence between the treatment and control group. Of the variables, weekly leakage frequencies, leakage amounts on each occasion, leakage index, frequencies of nocturia, and quality of life were significantly different between the groups. Follow-up assessment (9th week) indicated that overall incontinence symptoms and psycho-social well-being were significantly different between the posttest and follow-up assessments. Most variables of incontinence symptoms and psycho-social well-being were significantly improved at follow-up assessment versus posttest.
Conclusions
The program was overall effective in terms of relieving symptoms and improving psycho-social well-being related to urinary incontinence, and this effect continued after a 4-weeks self-training period. In the respect that this is a community-based application study, the results can be meaningful and applicable.

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Effects of Electric Stimulation and Biofeedback for Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise in Women with Vaginal Rejuvenation Women: Jung Bok Lee, So Young Choi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(5):713-722. Published online October 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.5.713

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pelvic floor muscle exercise using electric stimulation and biofeedback on maximum pressure of vaginal contraction, vaginal contraction duration and sexual function in women who have had vaginal rejuvenation.

Methods

The research design was a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design study. Participants in this study were women who had vaginal rejuvenation at C obstetrics and gynecology hospital. The 15 participants in the experimental group were given pelvic floor muscle exercise using electric stimulation and biofeedback and the 15 participants in the control group received self pelvic floor muscle exercise.

Results

For maximum pressure of vaginal contraction, the experimental group showed a statistically significant increase compared to than the control group (t=5.96, p<.001). For vaginal contraction duration, the experimental group also showed a statistically significant increase compared to the control group (t=3.23, p=.003). For women's sexual function, the experimental group showed a significant increase when compared to the control group in total sexual function scores (t=3.41, p=.002).

Conclusion

The results indicate that pelvic floor muscle exercise with electric stimulation and biofeedback after vaginal rejuvenation is effective in strengthening vaginal contraction pressure, vaginal contraction and that it also positively functions to increase women's sexual function.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The effect of pelvic organ prolapse and various options for its correction on female sexual function: A review
Nataliya M. Podzolkova, Vasilii В. Osadchev, Olga L. Glazkova, Kirill V. Babkov, Yulia V. Denisova
Gynecology.2023; 25(1): 31. CrossRef

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Effect of Kegel Exercise to Prevent Urinary and Fecal Incontinence in Antenatal and Postnatal Women: Systematic Review: Seong-Hi Park, Chang-Bum Kang, Seon Young Jang, Bo Yeon Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(3):420-430. Published online June 28, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.3.420

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The aim of this study was to review the literature to determine whether intensive pelvic floor muscle training during pregnancy and after delivery could prevent urinary and fecal incontinence.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials (RCT) of low-risk obstetric populations who had done Kegel exercise during pregnancy and after delivery met the inclusion criteria. Articles published between 1966 and 2012 from periodicals indexed in Ovid Medline, Embase, Scopus, KoreaMed, NDSL and other databases were selected, using the following keywords: 'Kegel, pelvic floor exercise'. The Cochrane's Risk of Bias was applied to assess the internal validity of the RCT. Fourteen selected studies were analyzed by meta-analysis using RevMan 5.1.

Results

Fourteen RCTs with high methodological quality, involving 6,454 women were included. They indicated that Kegel exercise significantly reduced the development of urinary and fecal incontinence from pregnancy to postpartum. Also, there was low clinical heterogeneity.

Conclusion

There is some evidence that for antenatal and postnatal women, Kegel exercise can prevent urinary and fecal incontinence. Therefore, a priority task is to develop standardized Kegel exercise programs for Korean pregnant and postpartum women and make efficient use of these programs.

Citations

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Ultrasound Quantitative Assessment of the Effects of Yoga on Early Postpartum Pelvic Organ Position Recovery
Qunfeng Li, Yanhong Liu, Yunli Liu, Qiongzhu Liu, Liping Jiang, Xinling Zhang
International Urogynecology Journal.2025; 36(1): 221. CrossRef
The Effect of Kegel Exercises and Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy on the Improvements of Stress Urinary Incontinence and Urge Incontinence in Women with Normal Vaginal Delivery
Radnia Nahid, Bakhtiari Mahsa, Neda Alimohammadi, Moghadami Samar
Current Womens Health Reviews.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of self-reported ability to perform Kegel’s exercise pre- and post-coital penetration in postpartum women
Chidiebele Petronilla Ojukwu, Ginikachukwu Theresa Nsoke, Stephen Ede, Anne Uruchi Ezeigwe, Sylvester Caesar Chukwu, Emelie Morris Anekwu
Libyan Journal of Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Knowledge, attitudes, and practice of pelvic floor dysfunction and pelvic floor ultrasound among women of childbearing age in Sichuan, China
Xiaoli Wu, Xiaohong Yi, Xiu Zheng, Zeling Chen, Junxi Liu, Xiong Dai
Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of Kegel Exercises on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Young Gymnasts: A Prospective Cohort Study
Celia Rodríguez-Longobardo, Amelia Guadalupe-Grau, Miguel Ángel Gómez-Ruano, Olga López-Torres
Urogynecology.2023; 29(8): 670. CrossRef
Improving the Technique of Pelvic Floor Muscle Contraction in Active Nulliparous Women Attending a Structured High–Low Impact Aerobics Program—A Randomized Control Trial
Magdalena Piernicka, Monika Błudnicka, Damian Bojar, Jakub Kortas, Anna Szumilewicz
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(10): 5911. CrossRef
Comparison of postpartum incontinence outcomes after vacuum-assisted and forceps-assisted deliveries in a tertiary maternity unit
Li Shan Sng, Wan Hui Yip, Stella Yan Chai Hong, Stephanie Man Chung Fook-Chong, Wei Keat Andy Tan, Devendra Kanagalingam, Jason Shau Khng Lim
International Urogynecology Journal.2022; 33(6): 1529. CrossRef
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Pregnant Women in Jazan, Saudi Arabia Concerning Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises
Sarra L Derrar, Fatimah H Dallak, Azhar Alfaifi, Rawan M Alessa, Khawlah A Abbas, Atyaf J Zurayyir, Ahmed A Altraifi, Ibrahim Gosadi
Cureus.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Effectiveness of Structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding Pelvic floor muscle exercises in prevention of Urinary incontinence among premenopausal women admitted in selected hospital Bangalore
Christina Jose, Christina Rachel C., Della Mathew, Deva Prasanna, Dolma Lhakyi, Dona Elizabeth Mathew, Ethel Deenah Hazel, Grace Ninan, Indumathi Anbalagan, Jismi Thomas, Josmy Jose
Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research.2021; : 307. CrossRef
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HongWook Kim, Jisung Shim, Yumi Seo, Changho Lee, Youngseop Chang
International Neurourology Journal.2021; 25(1): 23. CrossRef
Effects of yoga on the intervention of levator ani hiatus in postpartum women: a prospective study
Qunfeng Li, Xinling Zhang
Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2021; 33(11): 862. CrossRef
High-impact aerobics programme supplemented by pelvic floor muscle training does not impair the function of pelvic floor muscles in active nulliparous women
Magdalena Piernicka, Monika Błudnicka, Jakub Kortas, Barbara Duda-Biernacka, Anna Szumilewicz
Medicine.2021; 100(33): e26989. CrossRef
Development of an exercise attitude scale in Turkish for pregnant women: validity and reliability
Seyda Toprak Celenay, Esra Calik Var, Derya Ozer Kaya
Women & Health.2021; 61(9): 854. CrossRef
Predictors of pelvic muscle exercise on the self‐efficacy of women giving birth
Gisoo Shin, Hye Jin Kim, Miok Kim
International Journal of Urological Nursing.2020; 14(2): 67. CrossRef
Vaginal hyperlaxity syndrome: a new concept and challenge
Santiago Palacios
Gynecological Endocrinology.2018; 34(5): 360. CrossRef
Effect of Pila-dance to Ease Urinary Incontinence of Middle-aged Women
Hye-Jeon Hong
The Korean Journal of Physical Education.2018; 57(2): 431. CrossRef
Faecal incontinence: Current knowledges and perspectives
Alban Benezech
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology.2016; 7(1): 59. CrossRef
Effects of Prenatal Perineal Massage and Kegel Exercises on the Integrity of Postnatal Perine
Sevgul Dönmez, Oya Kavlak
Health.2015; 07(04): 495. CrossRef
A Study on Fecal Incontinence and Depression of Rural Women
Chunmi Kim, Hung Sa Lee, Eun Man Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2014; 25(3): 198. CrossRef

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