Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Research Paper

Factors Influencing Nurses’ Performance of Care in COVID-19 Wards: Kim, Yoon Sun , Kim, Mi-Ae; J Korean Acad Nurs 2021;51(6):678-688. Published online December 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21131

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing nurses’ performance of care in COVID-19 wards.
Methods
The participants were 132 nurses who worked in COVID-19 wards at three hospitals, and were recruited from April 1 to May 31, 2021. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 24.0 program.
Results
Nursing performance was significantly and positively correlated with ethical sensitivity (r = .75, p < .001), nursing professionalism (r = .67, p < .001), and social support (r = .67, p < .001). Nursing professionalism was positively correlated with ethical sensitivity (r = .64, p < .001) and social support (r = .55, p < .001). Multiple regression analysis for nursing performance revealed that the most significant factor was ethical sensitivity (β = .47, p < .001). Ethical sensitivity, nursing professionalism, and social support explained 66.0% of total variance in nursing performance.
Conclusion
Ethical sensitiviy, nursing professionalism, and social support significantly influence nurses’ performace of care in COVID-19 wards. It suggests that intervention programs should be directed at improving nurses’ ethical sensitivity, bolstering social support, and enhancing nursing professionalism.

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Original Articles

Nurse Managers' Moral Self Concept and Ethical Sensitivity: Yong Soon Kim, Jee Won Park, Youn Jung Son, Sung Suk Han; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(7):1072-1078. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.7.1072

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: This descriptive study was designed to find out the relationship between moral self concept and ethical sensitivity of nurse managers.
METHODS
Study data were collected from Aug 6, 2001 to Aug 24, 2001. Study subjects were 283 nurse managers working in university hospitals. Moral self concept was measured with questionnaire developed by Chung (1965) and ethical sensitivity was measured with the questionnaire developed by the researchers.
RESULTS
1. The score for degree of nurse managers' moral self concept was shown to be an average of 3.06 out of 4.00, which is relatively high. The score for degree of nurse managers' ethical sensitivity was shown to be an average of 2.84 out of 4.00 2. Analysis of correlation between moral self concept and ethical sensitivity showed a statistically significant positive correlation (r= .34, p=.00). 3. In general characteristics, a variable that caused significant difference in moral self concept was the total period of experience as a nurse (F=3.52, p=.02). A variable that caused significant difference in ethical sensitivity was the current working department (F=3.91, p=.01). 4. Nurse administrator's moral self concept was significantly related to ethical sensitivity (r= .34, p= .00).
CONCLUSION
It is important to intensify individual moral self concept in order to improve ethical sensitivity of nurse managers. Also, it is recommended that investigate variables affected moral self concept and develop a nursing education program to promote moral self concept in nurse administrators.

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Compassion fatigue and moral sensitivity in midwives in COVID-19
Reyhan Aydin Dogan, Sebahat Huseyinoglu, Saadet Yazici
Nursing Ethics.2023; 30(6): 776. CrossRef
Ebelik ve Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Ahlaki Duyarlılığı
Pervin ŞAHİNER, Belgin BABADAĞLI, Nermin ERSOY
Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi.2019; 5(2): 86. CrossRef
Chinese insurance agents in “bad barrels”: a multilevel analysis of the relationship between ethical leadership, ethical climate and business ethical sensitivity
Na Zhang, Jian Zhang
SpringerPlus.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Moral sensitivity and critical thinking disposition of nursing students in Korea
Sung‐Hee Ahn, Hye‐A Yeom
International Journal of Nursing Practice.2014; 20(5): 482. CrossRef
Sensitivity to Ethical Issues Confronted by Korean Hospital Staff Nurses
Yong-Soon Kim, Jee-Won Park, Mi-Ae You, Ye-Suk Seo, Sung-Suk Han
Nursing Ethics.2005; 12(6): 595. CrossRef

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Effect of Ethics Education on Nurse's Moral Judgement: Yong Soon Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(1):183-193. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.1.183

Abstract PDF

This main purpose of this study was to assess the effects of two different types of ethics education on the moral judgement of clinical nurses. One type was free discussions among nurses with given specific moral issues and the other type was discussions guided by experts on specific moral issues. The study employed a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent pre test-post test design using two different control groups. The conceptual framework of the study was derived from the Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory (1969) and the Greipp's Ethical Decision-Making Model (1992). The data was collected during the period of October 14 through December 15, 1998. Sample consists of 32 nurses working in the ICU who met research criteria. 16 nurses were assigned to the free discussion group and 16 nurses to the group for the guided discussion with experts group. For the pre-test, the DIT which was developed by Rest (1984) and JAND by Ketefian (1998) were used with some modification by the author. After the education, only JAND was used to assess the changes in moral judgement. The collected data was analysed using SPSS PC program. The findings are as follows: 1. There was no significant difference between two groups in their general characteristics. Only difference which was statistically significant between two groups was that realistic score on Case 3/Medical Research and Autopsy was higher in the free discussion group. 2. Hypothesis 1: "There will be a difference on the moral judgement of nurses before and after they receive an ethics education". This hypothesis was supported partially. Those who had low scores on moral judgement before the education tended to have higher scores after the education on the same issues. And, after the education, the nurses tend to give lower scores on the dilemmas they had experienced frequently at work; while giving higher scores on those dilemmas they had no prior experience. 3. Hypothesis 2: "The effect of education may differ depended upon the moral development index [P(%)] score of nurses". The effect of education was different depend on moral development level. The group who's P(%) scores was low at the pretest has higher scores in realistic moral judgement after the education, while the groups with middle or high P(%) scores went down after the education. These changes were statistically significant in some cases, thus, the Hypothesis 2 was partially supported 4. Hypothesis 3: "The method of ethics education will have different effects on the moral judgement of nurses". Even though several nurses attended the guided discussion stated that the education program broadend their perspectives the difference between two groups was not significant and this hypothesis was not supported. In conclusion, both types of ethics education had helped the nurses to acquire the skills to deal some nursing dilemmas. The effects of ethics education may differ according to the moral development index - P(%) score. However, because of some of the limitations of this study, mainly small sample size, short term education, unable to control other variables which may affect moral judgement of nurses, further research is warranted.

Citations

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Effects of ethics education on moral sensitivity of nursing students
Hye-A Yeom, Sung-Hee Ahn, Su-Jeong Kim
Nursing Ethics.2017; 24(6): 644. CrossRef
The Effect of Biomedical Ethics Education Program for Nursing Students Freshman
Gye Seon Jeong
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2016; 22(3): 376. CrossRef
Nursing Students' Awareness of Human Rights and Influencing Factors
Sun-Woo Hong, Ji-Soo Kim, Hye-Jin Hyun
The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2011; 11(6): 260. CrossRef
Performance Evaluation of Transmitting Brainwave Signals for Driver's Safety in Urban Area Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network
Jun-Mo Jo
The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2011; 11(6): 26. CrossRef
Validation of a Korean version of the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire
Sung-Suk Han, Juhu Kim, Yong-Soon Kim, Sunghee Ahn
Nursing Ethics.2010; 17(1): 99. CrossRef
Hospital Nurses' Experience of Do-Not-Resuscitate in Korea
Myungsun Yi, Sang Eun Oh, Eun Ok Choi, In Gak Kwon, Sungbok Kwon, Kyung-mi Cho, Youngah Kang, Jeonghui Ok
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(2): 298. CrossRef

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Perceived Social Support and Morale of the Elderly Staying at Home: Yang Gyeong Yoo; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(2):297-306. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.2.297

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to identify the relationship between social support and morale in the elderly.

Method

A structured questionnaire was carried out from April, 2003 to June, 2003 on 203 elderly. The data was analyzed with a SPSS program for descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression was done

Result

The level of social support was moderate, and family support was the highest score. In types of support, appraisal support was the highest score. The level of morale was slightly lower than moderate, and the score of social support showed significantly positive correlation with morale. In general characteristics, several variables were significantly related to social support and morale. The most powerful predictor of morale was material support by family and the variance was 19.6%. A combination of material support by family, emotional support by relatives, level of satisfaction with pocket money, perceived health, level of intimacy with one's children, and material support by friends account for 43.3% of the variance in morale of the elderly.

Conclusion

To increase the morale of the elderly, it is necessary to consolidate material support by family and relatives.

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A Study on Measuring the Relationship Between the Library and Quality of Life of Local Residents
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Social Support and Acculturative Stress in Migrant Workers
Soon-Hee Lee, Young-Joo Lee, Sook-Young Kim, Shin-Jeong Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(6): 899. CrossRef

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A Longitudinal Study on Moral Judgment Development in Nursing and Medical Students: Yong Soon Kim, Jee Won Park, Youn Jung Son; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(6):820-828. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.6.820

Abstract PDF

Purpose

In this longitudinal study, we examined the moral judgment level and its related factors, such as individual characteristics. The result of this study will provide baseline data to establish policy of ethics education for college students and healthcare professionals.

Method

We enrolled 37 nursing students and 20 medical students as the subjects in a university in Suwon, Korea. We conducted a questionnaire on the subjects using Korean version of Defining Issues Test(DIT) to analyze the subjects' moral judgment level. Collected data was coded using ASCII document and scored using Fortran program for computer. Then the data was statistically analyzed by SPSS Version 10.0.

Result

Nursing students' moral development score at each stage were consistently higher at stage 5A across 4-years rather than other stages. On the other hand, medical students' moral development score were consistently higher at stage 4 than other stages. There was no significant difference in the change P(%) score at each academic year in both groups. In the perspective of the subjects' general characteristics, P(%) score showed no significant in both groups.

Conclusion

Based on the results of this study, further studies will examine the correlation between curriculum and moral judgment development in detail. Moreover, we suggest that the current ethics education should be developed and evaluated in more realistic manner.

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Development of critical thinking in health professions education: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies
Matthew C. Reale, Daniel M. Riche, Benjamin A. Witt, William L. Baker, Michael J. Peeters
Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning.2018; 10(7): 826. CrossRef
Relationships among Cultural Disposition, Morality, and Psychological Health of Medical Students in a Province of Korea
Sunyoung Lee, Byungduck An
Korean Medical Education Review.2016; 18(1): 26. CrossRef
Cross-sectional comparison on human rights sensitivity changes in nursing students and non-nursing students
Seong-Eun Kim
Journal of Digital Convergence.2016; 14(4): 355. CrossRef
Volunteer activity, sociality, and morality in the dental hygiene students
Hye-Kyung Lee
Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene.2014; 14(6): 927. CrossRef
Changes in Nursing Students' Moral Judgment and Ways to Evaluate the Effect of Ethics Education
MI-Aie Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2013; 19(3): 351. CrossRef
A Study of Moral Judgment and Ethical Decision Making and Ethical Dilemmas Experienced in Practice by Nursing Students
Yoon Goo Noh, Myun Sook Jung
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2013; 14(6): 2915. CrossRef
Korean Medical Students' Cognitive, Emotional, and Social Characteristics
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Korean Journal of Medical Education.2012; 24(2): 103. CrossRef
Validation of a Korean version of the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire
Sung-Suk Han, Juhu Kim, Yong-Soon Kim, Sunghee Ahn
Nursing Ethics.2010; 17(1): 99. CrossRef
Comparison of Career Choice Motivation and Moral Reasoning Ability between Students in Baccalaureate and Graduate-entry Programs
Min Kang Kim, Jin Oh Kang
Korean Journal of Medical Education.2007; 19(2): 91. CrossRef

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A Critical Interpretation of Aesthetical Approach to Nursing: Byung Hye Kong; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(6):678-685. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.6.678

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to interpretate Caper's view of the aesthetical approach to nursing, to discover problems of her arguments, and to ultimately expand the horizon of the aesthetical thinking of nursing.

Method

By means of the critical interpretation of Caper's paper, problems of her arguments were discovered. This then was suggested was the proper way of the aesthetical approach to nursing.

Result

Carper's arguments of aesthetics were seen to be confused, regarding the pattern of the nursing art and the relationship between aesthetical knowing and practical art, and to have no the nursing's perspective as moral art. The proper paradigm for the distinct thinking of the nursing aesthetics could be offered here through applying some aesthetical theories as follows; a mode of aesthetical knowing could be characterized as emphatical awareness in relationship between nurse and client, and a practical art of nursing understood as moral art in sense of the expression of the human dignity.

Conclusion

This study suggested fundamental theme for the proper aesthetical approach to nursing in view of the aesthetical knowing and the practical art. The horizon of the aesthetical thinking in nursing can be expended through the inquiry into aesthetical theories which offer theoretical the base for nursing as an art.

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Development and validation of a nursing professionalism evaluation model in a career ladder system
Yeon Hee Kim, Young Sun Jung, Ja Min, Eun Young Song, Jung Hui Ok, Changwon Lim, Kyunghee Kim, Ji-Su Kim, Etsuro Ito
PLOS ONE.2017; 12(10): e0186310. CrossRef

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Effects of Individual Reminiscence Therapy on Older Adults' Depression, Morale and Quality of Life: Kwuy Bun Kim, Ji Hyeoun Yun, Sohyune R. Sok; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(5):813-820. Published online August 31, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.5.813

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study examined the effects of individual reminiscence therapy on older adults' depression, morale, and the quality of life.

Methods

The design was a single-group pre-test and post-test study. Subjects consisted of 31 older adults from two senior centers and a welfare center in Seoul. Individual reminiscence therapy was applied to study subjects four times, once a week for an hour at each time. Measurement tools were the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form Korea (GDSSF-K) for depression, Mun Ae-ri's (1996) scale for morale, and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) for the quality of life. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and pearson correlation.

Results

The application of individual reminiscence therapy reduced older adults' depression (t=-5.65, p=.000), and enhanced older adults' morale (t=4.65, p=.000). The application of individual reminiscence therapy improved older adults' quality of life (t=5.00, p=.000).

Conclusion

Findings of the study suggest that individual reminiscence therapy may be applied as a nursing intervention that contributesto the improvement of older adults' quality of life, reduces their depression, and enhances their morale.

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