Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Research Paper

Exploring Traumatic Experiences and Posttraumatic Growth among Korean Veterans: A Photovoice Study: Riah Kim, Heese Choi, Minsung Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2024;54(4):519-533. Published online October 14, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24049

Abstract PDF ePub: Purpose
This study aimed to explore traumatic experiences and posttraumatic growth among Korean veterans.
Methods
A qualitative study was conducted using photovoice. Purposive sampling strategies yielded five veterans who had experienced traumatic events. Participants engaged in three discussion sessions between August 5, 2023, and October 28, 2023. The collected data were analyzed using photovoice document analysis and thematic analysis.
Results
Study results identified the following themes: ‘The collapse of my life as a result massive trauma,’ ‘Sinking into endless isolation and disconnection,’ ‘The process of finding myself through reflection,’ and ‘My life journey moving forward together.’ Despite the irreversible damage caused by traumatic experiences during military service, the participants continuously reflected on the meaning of their trauma and posttraumatic growth, thereby recovering their authentic selves.
Conclusion
Veterans who have experienced traumatic events face severe difficulties, however through their efforts at recovery, they recognize the individuals they are now. This study suggests the need for social support and highlights the necessity of providing various opportunities and policy assistance to traumatized veterans.

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Original Articles

The Structural Analysis of Variables Related to Posttraumatic Growth among Psychiatric Nurses: Hyun Ju Yeo, Hyun Suk Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(1):26-38. Published online January 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2020.50.1.26

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to explain a structural model of posttraumatic growth among psychiatric nurses based on existing models and a literature review and verify its effectiveness.

Methods:

Data were collected from psychiatric nurses in one special city, four metropolitan cities, and three regional cities from February to March 2016. Exogenous variables included hardiness and distress perception, while endogenous variables included self-disclosure, social support, deliberate rumination, and posttraumatic growth. Data from 489 psychiatric nurses were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0 and AMOS 20.0.

Results:

The modified model was a good fit for the data. Tests on significance of the pathways of the modified model showed that nine of the 14 paths were supported, and the explanatory power of posttraumatic growth by included variables in the model was 69.2%. For posttraumatic growth among psychiatric nurses, deliberate rumination had a direct effect as the variable that had the largest influence. Indirect effects were found in the order of hardiness, social support, and distress perception. Self-disclosure showed both direct and indirect effects.

Conclusion

A strategy to improve deliberate rumination is necessary when seeking to improve posttraumatic growth among psychiatric nurses. Enhancing psychiatric nurses’ hardiness before trauma would enable them to actively express negative emotions after trauma, allowing them to receive more social support. This would improve deliberate rumination and consequently help promote psychological growth among psychiatric nurses who have experienced trauma.

Citations

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Jaehwa Bae, Eun Suk Choi
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Jae-Chang Sim, Sun-Kyung Cha, Sun-Young Im
Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Qianru Liu, Xuetai Jian, Fangyu Peng, Meng Wang, Jiaxin Li, Xinru Deng, Yinglu Wan, Li Geng
Current Psychology.2024; 43(25): 21931. CrossRef
Effects of compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue on posttraumatic growth of psychiatric nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Li Zeng, Guiling Liu, Fen Feng, Yinong Qiu, Shuping Wang, Meng Yu, Jialin Wang
International Journal of Nursing Practice.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A Structural Equation Model for Posttraumatic Growth among Cured Patients with COVID-19
Soo Young An, Heejung Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2023; 53(3): 309. CrossRef
Relationship between rumination and post-traumatic growth in mobile cabin hospital nurses: The mediating role of psychological resilience
Jing Liu, Sha Wei, Guohong Qiu, Ni Li, Delin Wang, Xiaohou Wu, Xiangzhi Gan, Hongmei Yi
Preventive Medicine Reports.2023; 34: 102266. CrossRef
Promotion factors of emergency nurses’ post-traumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai: a qualitative study
Jinxia Jiang, Peng Han, Yue Liu, Qian Wu, Haiyan Shao, Xia Duan, Yan Shi
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Jinxia Jiang, Peng Han, Xiangdong Huang, Yue Liu, Haiyan Shao, Li Zeng, Xia Duan
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Suk-Jung Han, Ji-Young Chun, Hye-Jin Bae
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 20(1): 56. CrossRef
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Ji Eun Oh, Ju Young Park
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Ju Young Yim, Jung A Kim
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Post-traumatic Growth and it’s associations with Deliberate Rumination, Self-disclosure, and Social Support among Intensive Care Unit Nurses
Sae Mi Min, Hee Jun Kim, Chun-Ja Kim, Jeong-Ah Ahn
Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2022; 15(2): 50. CrossRef
Predictors of posttraumatic growth of intensive care unit nurses in Korea
Ae Kyung Chang, Hyejin Yoon, Ji Hyun Jang
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Association of Nursing Work Environment, Relationship with the Head Nurse, and Resilience with Post-Traumatic Growth in Emergency Department Nurses
Sun-Young Jung, Jin-Hwa Park
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(6): 2857. CrossRef

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14 Crossref

Psychosocial Adjustment in Korean Colorectal Cancer Survivors: Hyejin Sun, Jia Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(5):545-553. Published online October 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.5.545

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The increasing survival rate of colorectal cancer demands various nursing interventions and continuous care for patients to adapt to their psychosocial daily lives. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with psychosocial adjustment in colorectal cancer survivors.

Methods

A cross-sectional descriptive study with face-to-face interviews was conducted of 156 colorectal cancer survivors after surgery visiting an outpatient cancer clinic at a tertiary hospital in S city, Korea. Posttraumatic growth, health-promoting behavior, length of treatment, difficulty in activities of daily living, and having a stoma were entered into the linear regression model.

Results

The strongest factor influencing the level of psychosocial adjustment was health-promoting behavior (β=.33, p<.001), followed by difficulty in activities of daily living (β=-.24, p=.001), posttraumatic growth (β=.20, p=.004), and having a stoma (β=-.19, p=.004).

Conclusion

Nursing interventions for psychosocial adjustment in colorectal cancer survivors need to include the contents for posttraumatic growth, as well as health-promoting behavior, and activities of daily living.

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Factors Influencing Daily Living and Ostomy Self‐Care Management in Ostomates: A Mixed Methods Study
Elif Budak Ertürk, Hacer Ari, Çiğdem Üstündağ, Esra Yilmaz, Ülkü Topdemir
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Psychosocial adjustment and influencing factors in patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer: A latent profile analysis
Chen Yuan, Jingyue Xie, Lu Cui, Qianqian Du, Xinxin Li, Xiaoxuan Wang, Jianfei Liu, Xiaodan Wu, Meifen Zhang
European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2025; 75: 102818. CrossRef
Correlated factors of posttraumatic growth in patients with colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Dingyuan Wei, Xue Wang, Mengxing Wang, Jiayan Wang, Fangping Chen, Luyang Jin, Xuemei Xian
International Journal of Nursing Sciences.2025; 12(1): 96. CrossRef
The Trajectory of Adjustment Outcomes Among New Ostomy Patients
Carol Stott, Julia Kittscha, Lisa Graaf, Ian Whiteley, Colleen Mendes, Deb Day, Brenda Christiansen, Jill Fairhall, Jenny Duggan, Joan Walsh, Karen Cole, Mark Murtagh, Greg Fairbrother
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Predictors of psychosocial adjustment and its subdomains in young adults with hematologic malignancy: A cross-sectional study
Seul Gi Lee, Sung Reul Kim
European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2024; 70: 102571. CrossRef
The Relationship Between Stress, Disability Acceptance, and Quality of Life of People With Physical Disabilities in South Korea: Focused on the Psychosocial Adaptation Model
Hyun-Ju Ju, Uibin Lee, Yein Kim, Debra A. Harley
Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling.2024; 55(2): 143. CrossRef
‘That gave me a lot of comfort, that he would ask my opinion about how we wanted to talk about this’: A qualitative analysis of clinical communication experiences of ostomy patients
Braidyn S Lazenby, Ashley Guidry, Erin E Donovan, René Dailey, Srinivas Joga Ivatury
BMJ Open.2024; 14(2): e079362. CrossRef
Relationships between stigma, coping styles, self-care and post-traumatic growth among colorectal cancer patients with permanent enterostomy: A cross-sectional study
Meida Zhang, Yiming Li
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Social isolation profiles and conditional process analysis among postoperative enterostomy patients with colorectal cancer
Yuan Liao, Xuelan Liu, Xinyu Wu, Chun Li, Yu Li
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Posttraumatic growth in colorectal cancer survivors: A systematic review
Zhiming Wang, Xuan Chen, Junrui Zhou, Alice Yuen Loke, Qiuping Li
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Adjustment to an Ostomy
Julia Kittscha, Greg Fairbrother, Vida Bliokas, Val Wilson
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Wenjie Zou, Yiheng Zhang, Lizhen Gong, Meng Zhang, Xiaoyu Wu, Jingyue Xie, Meifen Zhang
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Effects of A Sensory Stimulation Program on Growth and Behavioral Development of Infants: Jeong Sun Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(6):1445-1454. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.6.1445

Abstract PDF: This study was designed to investigate the effects of a sensory stimulation program on the growth (weight, height, head circumference, and chest circumference), behavioral development, behavioral states, and the heart rate of the infants. A total of 23 infants of 2 weeks old were divided into sensory stimualtion group (11 infants) and control group (12 infants). The infants of sensory stimulation group had received sensory stimulation for 6 weeks. Sensory stimulation program was composed of tactile and kinesthetic stimulation. We assessed growth, behavioral state and heart rate every week and behavioral development every 2 weeks. The results were as follows: 1. Body weight in sensory stimulation group, from two weeks after the sensory stimulation program, was significantly increased more than control group, but there was no significant difference in height, head circumference, and chest circumference between the two groups. 2. Behavioral developmental score of sensory stimulation group was significantly higher than that of control group from two weeks after the sensory stimulation program. Developmental states of sensory stimulation group showed more 'high average developmental state' than the control group from 4 weeks after sensory stimulation program. 3. Behavioral states of sensory stimulation group after the sensory stimulation program, the 'sleeping state' was significantly increased more than control group. The 'awakening state' and the state of fuss or crying were significantly less than those of the control group. 4. The heart rate of the sensory stimulation group after the sensory stimulation was significantly lower than the control group. These results indicate that the sensory stimulation program decreases heart rate and improves the sleeping state to be effective on promoting the growth and development of the infants. In view of these experiments, we suggest sensory stimulation program might be considered as a nursing intervention for growth and development of the infants not only in clinical settings but also at homes and in the communities.

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Yakson vs. GHT Therapy Effects on Growth and Physical Response of Preterm Infants and on Maternal Attachment: Hye Sang Im; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(2):255-264. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.2.255

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study is aimed to confirm the effects of Yakson therapy on the growth and physical response of preterm infants, and maternal attachment to them compared with GHT therapy.

Method

The design of this study is nonequivalent control group with repeated measuring by quasi experimental study. The subjects are preterm infants in 26 - 34 gestational age hospitalized in the NICU of 4 university hospitals with an experimental group of 15 and a control group of 14. Yakson therapy consists of three phases: laying a hand, caressing by hand, and laying a hand again taking 5 minutes for each phase.

Result

As a result of administering Yakson therapy to preterm infants; the average weight gain of the Yakson group was higher than that of the GHT group, but there is no significant difference between groups. The oxygen saturation and maternal attachment difference between the Yakson and the GHT group were not significant. Significant differences in the average daily increase of oral intake and apical pulse rate were observed between the Yakson group and GHT group.

Conclusion

These data suggested that Yakson therapy may be an effective nursing intervention which can facilitate growth and physical response of preterm infants.

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The Effect of Yakson Touch on Pain and Physiological Parameters of the Newborn
Merve Ekinci, Hülya Karataş, Zehra Arslan
Etkili Hemşirelik Dergisi.2024; 17(2): 295. CrossRef
Effect of Direct Breastfeeding Program for Premature Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Ji Hyun Kang, Hyunmi Son, Shin Yun Byun, Gyumin Han
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2021; 51(1): 119. CrossRef
The development and psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the maternal attachment inventory
Chen‐Jung Chen, Huei‐chuan Sung, Yi‐Chang Chen, Ching‐Yuan Chang, Ming‐Shinn Lee
Journal of Clinical Nursing.2013; 22(19-20): 2687. CrossRef
Maternal Attachment Inventory: psychometric evaluation of the Korean version
Hyunjeong Shin, Young Hee Kim
Journal of Advanced Nursing.2007; 59(3): 299. CrossRef

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Effects of Sensory Stimulation Program Conducted by Primipara on the Physical Growth and Mother-Infant Feeding Interaction for Full Term Infant: Mi Ye Kim, Gun Ja Jang, Sun Hee Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(5):820-828. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.5.820

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of sensory stimulation program administered by primipara on the physical growth and mother-infant feeding interaction for the first 6 months of infancy.

Method

Data were collected from December 1, 2001 to June 30, 2003. A total of 35 mothers and their infants were assigned to a control(n=17) and an experimental(n=18) group. Mothers in the experimental group received education related to sensory stimulation program and administered to their infants twice a day for 6 months. Both groups were measured the weight, length, head circumference and chest circumference of infants at 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks, 18 weeks, and 22 weeks and the mother-infant feeding interaction at 6 weeks, 10 weeks through the home visiting.

Result

Compared to the control group, the experimental group had significantly larger increases in head circumference for intervention period. In addition to, the experimental group showed significantly higher score in mother-infant interaction than control group.

Conclusion

These data suggested that sensory stimulation program administered by primipara may improve the physical growth of full term infant and mother-infant feeding interaction.

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Integrative Review of Nursing Intervention Studies on Mother-Infant Interactions.
Sun Jung Park, Shin Jeong Kim, Kyung Ah Kang
Child Health Nursing Research.2014; 20(2): 75. CrossRef
Postnatal parental education for optimizing infant general health and parent-infant relationships
Janet Bryanton, Cheryl T Beck, William Montelpare
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2013;[Epub] CrossRef

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Development of the Developmental Support Competency Scale for Nurses Caring for Preterm Infants: Jeong Soon Kim, Hee Sun Shin; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(6):793-803. Published online December 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.6.793

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Developmental care has been recognized as a very important component for the development and health promotion of preterm infants. However, research on how to assess developmental nursing competency has not been studied as expected. This study was done to develop and evaluate a new scale to measure nursing competency for developmental support of preterm infants.

Methods

Concept analysis was done with using the Hybrid model of Schwartz-Barcott and Kim (2000), from which a preliminary new scale (30 items) was developed. To test the validity and reliability of the new scale being developed, data were collected from 122 NICU nurses at 4 hospitals in 3 cities in the Republic of Korea, from December, 2014 to March, 2015.

Results

The final version of the Developmental Support Competency Scale for Nurses (DSCS-N) caring for premature infants was a 4-point Likert type scale, consisting of 19 items, and categorized as 6 factors, explaining 62.5% of the total variance. Each of the factors were named as follows; ‘environmental support’ (4 items), ‘parental support’ (3 items), ‘interaction’ (3 items), ‘critical thinking’ (3 items), ‘professional development’ (3 items), and ‘partnership’ (3 items). The Cronbach's α coefficient for the scale was .83 and the reliability of the subscales ranged from .60~.76.

Conclusion

The psychometric evaluation of the new scale demonstrated an acceptable validity and reliability. Findings indicate that the DSCS-N can be used as the tool to test the effect of educational programs for nurses and contribute to advance developmental care for preterm infants.

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Developmentally Supportive Care Among Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Nurses in South Korea
Han Na Lee, Ji Hyeon Park, Haeryun Cho
Advances in Neonatal Care.2023; 23(3): E60. CrossRef
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Eun Kyoung Kim, In Young Cho, Ji Yeong Yun, Bobae Park
Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2023; 68: e27. CrossRef
Effectiveness of Nicu nurses’ competence enhancement program for developmentally supportive care for preterm infants: A quasi-experimental study
Han Na Lee, Haeryun Cho
Heliyon.2023; 9(1): e12944. CrossRef
Development of the Individualised Developmental Care Knowledge and Attitude Scale
Kamile Akça, Fatma Kurudirek
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Jiwon Kang, GyeongAe Seomun
Nursing Open.2023; 10(2): 850. CrossRef
Analysis of research on developmentally supportive care for prematurity in neonatal intensive care unit: a scoping review
Hanna Lee, Ji Hyeon Park, Haeryun Cho
Child Health Nursing Research.2022; 28(1): 9. CrossRef
Effects of a Neonatal Supportive Positioning Training Video Program for Preterm Infants on the Knowledge and Performance of Nurses in Neonatal Intensive Care Units
Hyun Jin Moon, Kyung Sook Cho, Mi Young An, Dong Woo Son
Asian Nursing Research.2022; 16(1): 25. CrossRef
Research Trends of Follow-Up Care after Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Graduation for Children Born Preterm: A Scoping Review
So Ra Kang, Haeryun Cho
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Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Developmental Support Competency Scale for Nurses (DSCS-N)
Ayşe Kahraman, Sibel Serap Ceylan
Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2020; 54: e47. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Developmental Care Practice Among Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Nurses
Jisun Park, Ji-Soo Kim
Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2019; 47: e10. CrossRef
Limits of professional competency in nurses working in Nicu
Natalija Skorobogatova, Nida Žemaitienė, Kastytis Šmigelskas, Rasa Tamelienė, Eglė Markūnienė, Dalia Stonienė
Open Medicine.2018; 13(1): 410. CrossRef

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Factors Influencing Posttraumatic Growth in Fathers of Chronically ill Children: Mi Young Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(6):890-899. Published online December 15, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.6.890

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the level of distress and posttraumatic growth in fathers of chronically ill children and also, to identify the relation between characteristics of the fathers and children and their posttraumatic growth and to investigate factors that influence posttraumatic growth.

Methods

In this study, 48 fathers who visited a university hospital in Seoul, Korea and who gave written consent completed the questionnaire between September 23 and November 19, 2013. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression.

Results

The level of distress in fathers of chronically ill children was relatively high and the majority of them were experiencing posttraumatic growth. Models including the variable (deliberate rumination, religiousness, optimism) explained 64.3% (F=26.38, p< .001) of the variance for posttraumatic growth. Deliberate rumination (β=.59, p< .001) was the most influential factor.

Conclusion

The findings demonstrate that it is essential for nurses to intervene and facilitate continuously so as to promote posttraumatic growth and relieve distress in fathers of chronically ill children. Furthermore, it is also necessary for nurses to find ways to develop ideal interventions to activate deliberate rumination and offer spiritual care and help maintain optimism in these individuals.

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A sense of coherence (SOC) among the fathers of children with chronic illnesses
Masahiro Haraguchi, Tomoko Takeuchi
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Relationship between mental health and stressors among fathers of children with chronic illnesses and cognitive structure of fathers’ stress experiences
Masahiro Haraguchi
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The Relationship between Post-Traumatic Growth, Trauma Experience and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Nurses
Sook Lee, Mun Gyeong Gwon, YeonJung Kim
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Young Mi Ryu, Mi Yu, Seieun Oh, Haeyoung Lee, Haejin Kim
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2018; 48(3): 335. CrossRef

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Growth Patterns of Premature Infants Up to 40th Term Week of Corrected Age: Youngmee Ahn, Min Sohn, Sangmi Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(5):613-622. Published online October 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.5.613

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Study purpose were to describe growth patterns of premature infants in weight, length and head circumference from birth to 40th week of corrected ages (CA) and to explore factors affecting patterns.

Methods

A longitudinal descriptive study was conducted with 267 premature infants. They were categorized into 2 groups; GA group with measurements at birth and the CA group with measurements at CA, which was categorized into 3 groups (group 1-3) by WHO guideline for gestational age (GA) at birth.

Results

GA group presented greater measures in all than CA group at same week of life. Among CA groups, group 3 showed the highest measurements, up to 37 weeks of life, though this disappeared at 38-40 weeks. Reversely, group 1 revealed the highest growth rates in all measures, followed by group 2 and group 3. Significant interaction was observed in all measures between week of life and any type of groups.

Conclusion

Higher measures in GA group, as well group 3 among CA groups, supported the superiority of intra-uterine environment overriding quality of regimen from NICU. Regardless of growth acceleration, smaller infants remain smaller, indicating that intra-uterine thrifty phenotype may continue at least up to the 40th week of CA.

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Krithi Ravi, Aneurin Young, R. Mark Beattie, Mark J. Johnson
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Jisu Jeon, Won Hee Seo, Sang-Jin Chung
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2022; 55(5): 572. CrossRef
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Eun-Ju Lee, Sang-Yeol Lee
Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation.2018; 14(3): 523. CrossRef
Weight Variation in Term Newborns Hospitalized during Early Postnatal Period
Youngmee Ahn, Namhee Kim, Eunyoung Lee, Miyoung Kwak
Child Health Nursing Research.2015; 21(4): 339. CrossRef
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Youngmee Ahn, Min Sohn, Sangmi Lee
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Growth patterns and their implications for preterm infants in a culture of rapid modernization
Youngmee Ahn, Min Sohn, Yonghoon Jun, Sangmi Lee
Journal of Child Health Care.2013; 17(3): 242. CrossRef
Relationship Between Brain Injury and Head Circumference Growth in Extremely Premature Infants
Young-mee Ahn, Sang-mi Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2011; 17(4): 281. CrossRef

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