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Research Papers
A qualitative meta-synthesis of the essence of patient experiences of dialysis
Soyoung Jang, Eunyoung E. Suh, Yoonhee Seok
J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(1):119-136.   Published online February 19, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24102
AbstractAbstract PDFePub
Purpose
This study aimed to understand the experiences of dialysis and their meaning among patients with chronic kidney disease through a meta-synthesis of the existing literature. Since 2010, the prevalence of end-stage renal disease has doubled in South Korea, which has the sixth-highest incidence worldwide. Although most kidney disease patients undergo dialysis to attenuate disease-related symptoms and prolong their lives, the implications of dialysis on their lives, together with the role played by patients’ significant others, remain underexplored. Similarly, existing research has not considered both patients with hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
Methods
In this meta-synthesis, seven electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, DBpia, KISS, and RISS) were searched for the terms “dialysis” and “qualitative.” Thirty qualitative studies were selected for examination.
Results
The overriding theme observed in the studies was “I do not have much time left.”–navigating the dual realities of one’s limited existence, while other key themes were: (1) the inevitable experience of the troubles of dialysis, (2) life is extended, but deteriorating in every aspect, (3) accepting dialysis with a positive outlook for life, and (4) essential support experienced in an exhausting life.
Conclusion
These findings are important for the design and delivery of practical and tailored nursing interventions to help patients overcome the various challenges related to dialysis treatment, and improve their quality of life.
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Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Climate, Health, and Nursing Tool
Jeong, Da Woon , Kim, Gwang Suk , Park, Min Kyung
J Korean Acad Nurs 2022;52(2):173-186.   Published online April 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21211
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
Climate change has various negative effects on human health, which has resulted in increased burden on the health care system. Nurses contribute significantly to assessing climate-related health risks and creating a healthy environment. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Climate, Health, and Nursing Tool (K-CHANT) to measure nurses’ awareness, motivation, concern, and behaviors at work and at home regarding climate change and health.
Methods
The 22 items of English CHANT were translated into Korean with forward-backward translation techniques. Internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis were performed using SPSS WIN (25.0) and AMOS (26.0). Survey data were collected from 220 master’s, doctoral, and post-doctoral nursing students.
Results
The K-CHANT consists of 20 items across 5 domains.Two items of the original CHANT were excluded because of low content validity index and standardized regression weights. The internal consistency reliability of the K-CHANT, assessed by Cronbach’s αá was .81, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of .66~.90. The five subscales model was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (SRMR < .08, RMSEA < .08, AGFI > .70, CFI > .70).
Conclusion
The K-CHANT has satisfactory construct validity and reliability to measure nurses’ awareness, motivation, concern, and behaviors at work and at home regarding climate change and health. Future research should examine nurses’ perceptions and behaviors related to the health effects of climate change and develop an action plan to improve it.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Climate change perceptions and behaviors among Korean nurses: The role of organizational initiatives
    Dukhyun Back, Kihye Han, Jieun Kim, Hyang Baek
    Nursing Outlook.2025; 73(3): 102383.     CrossRef
  • Measuring Nurses’ Knowledge and Awareness of Climate Change and Climate-Associated Diseases: Systematic Review of Existing Instruments
    Omar Portela Dos Santos, Élodie Perruchoud, Filipa Pereira, Paulo Alves, Henk Verloo
    Nursing Reports.2024; 14(4): 2850.     CrossRef
  • Validation of the Sustainability Attitudes in Nursing Survey-2 for nurses: A cross-sectional study
    Sophia J. Chung, Sun Joo Jang, Haeyoung Lee
    Nurse Education in Practice.2024; 75: 103898.     CrossRef
  • Factors affecting environmental sustainability attitudes among nurses – Focusing on climate change cognition and behaviours: A cross‐sectional study
    Sophia J. Chung, Haeyoung Lee, Sun Joo Jang
    Journal of Advanced Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Nurses' Perceptions and Behaviours Regarding Climate Change and Health: A Quantile Regression Analysis
    Min Kyung Park, Seoyoung Baek, Da Woon Jeong, Gwang Suk Kim
    Journal of Advanced Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Exploring influences of environmental information, beliefs and self‐efficacy on nurses' climate health behaviours and their relationships
    Jeongmin Yi, Yeojin Yi
    Journal of Advanced Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Factors related to perceptions of climate health impact and climate action: Focusing on the Health Belief Model
    Hansol Lee, Jaehee Kim, Yuri Lee
    Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2024; 41(2): 31.     CrossRef
  • Climate Change and Nursing
    Yoomi Jung
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2024; 54(4): 475.     CrossRef
  • Development and Validation of a Dignity in Care Scale of Terminally Ill Patients for Nurses
    Yun Sil Ahn, Pok Ja Oh
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2023; 53(3): 340.     CrossRef
  • Climate, Health, and Nursing Tool (CHANT): A confirmatory factor analysis
    Anna Winquist, Elizabeth C. Schenk, Cara Cook, Shanda Demorest, Ekaterina Burduli
    Public Health Nursing.2023; 40(2): 306.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing Nursing Graduate Students’ Perception and Behavior Related to Climate Change and Health: A Secondary Data Analysis
    Min Kyung Park, Seoyoung Baek, Da Woon Jeong, Gwang Suk Kim
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2023; 35(1): 71.     CrossRef
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Original Articles
Changes in Nutritional Status of General Medical Patients During Hospitalization
Young Hee Yang, S Mi Choi-Kwon, Eun Kyung Kim
Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(1):49-60.   Published online March 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.1.49
AbstractAbstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of malnutrition among patients on admission to hospital, to monitor changes in their nutritional status during hospitalization, and to determine the factors which might affect changes in nutritional status. The subjects for the study were patients who were admitted to general medicine for more than one week. Patients suffering from cardiovascular, renal disease, or dehydration were excluded. Nutritional assessment of the patients was performed on admission and nutritional status was reassessed one week and two weeks after admission. The nutritional assessment tool consisted of subjective history taking and anthropometric measurements. Biochemical measurements were performed only on admission. For anthropometric assessment ; patients' body weight, subcutaneous skinfolds thickness, % of body fat, body mass index, and lean body mass were measured using caliper or Bio impedance Analyzer. Factors which might influence current nutritional status, like dietary intake, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, sleep disturbance, and number of day of NPO for diagnostic examinations were analyzed. The results are as follows : 1. Of the 59 patients who were studied, 61% were male and 39% female. The nutritional status of all of the 59 subjects was reassessed one week after admission, but it was only done for 22 subjects at two weeks. 2. The anthropometric measurements, including weight, body mass index, lean body mass, body fat, and skin fold thickness, were all significantly decreased at one week after admission compared to the values at admission. On the other hand, two weeks after admission, only body weight and abdominal skinfolds thickness were decreased. 3. The subjects reported anorexia for an average of two days, sleep disturbance for two days, and no food intake due to diagnostic test for one day. In the second week of hospitalization almost none of the patients complained of gastrointestinal symptoms or sleep disturbance except anorexia Food consumption which was measured based on rice intake was 60% of the food served during the first week of hospitalization, and 66% during the second week of hospitalization. 4. There was no correlation between the subjective nutritional assessment and anthropometric assessment. 5. There was no statistical significance in anthropometric measurements among the patients with various diseases whereas sleep disturbance and no food intake due to various diagnostic test was prominent in patients with gastrointestinal diseases.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Risk Factors for Nutritional Status in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
    Jun Hee Jang, Hye Sook Min, Jin-Han Park
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2019; 31(6): 585.     CrossRef
  • Pre- and Post-Transplant Nutritional Assessment in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
    Mi Young Park, Jeong Yun Park
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2012; 12(1): 110.     CrossRef
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Existential Philosophical Approach to Nursing Science
Yun Ja Choi
Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1996;26(4):759-767.   Published online March 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1996.26.4.759
AbstractAbstract PDF

This study was done to provide an understanding of nursing in relation to the existential philosophy of the West and Buddhistic philosophy. It examined how human beings and death are interpreted and understood in existential philosophy as well as in Buddhistic philosophy. Then the study suggested that nursing should focus on helping the sufferer to find meaning and a sense of responsibility in his or her existence. When people have the opportunity to realize certain important but painful truths about their existence, they develop internal strength and control of their lives. Just as people learn to face their being, so can they come to terms with their non-being. According to the causal process in Buddhism, Human Being is not always annihilation of self. Therefore, birth, aging, disease and death go through the process of natural change and it is the appearance of human existence which is inherent in the health of every human being. To promote our health we must gain an insight about this phenomenon. This study viewed nurses' clients as (good friend) rather than (patient) which focuses on a disease-oriented concept. The concept of (good friend) views nurses' clients as active participants to create their life and as responsible persons in a constantly changing life. The study also examined the concept of recovery which means to come back to the previous healthy state and it suggested that the concept of recovery should be changed to (good change), because in existential philosophy, human beings are viewed as never going back to the past but moving on to the future by creating their existence. This study also suggested that nursing should help (good friend) enlighten their existence to be free from pain and death and to get control over their existence.

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Factor Analysis on Behavior Change Mechanisms in Self-help Smoking Cessation
Hyun Soo Oh, Young Ran Kim
Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1996;26(3):678-687.   Published online March 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1996.26.3.678
AbstractAbstract PDF

Smoking is considered to be one of the important risk factors associated with various health problems. Thirty seven million people in America quit smoking in the past decade, with 90% quitting on their own(Americal Heart Association, 1986). According to McAlister(1975), 70% of smokers reported that they adopted a self-help smoking cessation approach rather than a formal treatment program. In our country, although, auccessful exsmokers have used, are not available, concerns about smoking cessation have increased, recently, due to changes in social and political attitudes to health promotion. This study was conducted to help smokers who had made a decision to adopt a self-helf smoking cessation approach instead of depending on a formal treatment program. It provided a structurd way for sucessful smoking cessation by identifying change mechanism factors which have been commonly used by smokers. The subjects selected for this study were 155 university students between 20 and 29. Years of age the results from the analysis of the collected data showed that seven factors in the self-help change processes significant, and they are named, Stimulus Control, Self-Determination, Information Management, Reinforcement Management, Helpful Relationships, Dramatic Relief and Cognitive Restructuring. All of the factors except Self-Determination represent the same change mechanisms which are proposed by Prochaska et al. (1988). Self-Determination uniformly includes items belonging to various change processes. Therefore, it might be an transitional factor including strategies related to both cognitive and behavioral dimensions. In spite of this, noted that one item which gives meaning of Self-Determination shows the highest factor loading, it is named Self-Determination.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Factors Associated with the Preparation Stage to Quit Smoking among College Smokers
    Kyung-Shin Paek, Young-Sook Kwon
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2011; 22(2): 173.     CrossRef
  • The Characteristics of Smoking Cessation Behavior by the Stage of Change in Industrial Workers
    Hyerim Kim, Inhyae Park, Seoyoung Kang
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2010; 21(1): 63.     CrossRef
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A Study on the Relationships among the Influential Variables on Stage of Change of Exercise in the Elderly
Sung Ok Chang, Pyoung Sook Lee, Eun Young Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(5):609-623.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.5.609
AbstractAbstract PDF

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among variables of transtheoretical model for exercise in the elderly. METHOD: A hypothetical model explaining the stage of change was constructed based on a transtheoretical model. Empirical data for testing the hypothetical model was collected from 246 old adults over 65 years old in a community settings in Seoul, Korea in June and July, 2000. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and correlational analysis using pc-SAS program. The Linear Structural Modeling(LISREL) 8.0 program was used to find the best fit model which explain causal relationship of variables. RESULT: The fitness of modified model to the data was X2= 96.75(df=49, p=.00005), GFI= .98, NFI=.99, AGFI=.95, NNFI=.99. The the predictable variables of stage of change explained 64% of stage of change for exercise. CONCLUSION: Results are consistent with the studies of application of the transtheoretical model, which has been used to understand how people change health behaviors. The findings of this study give useful informations to construct exercise intervention program for the elderly about relationships among variables influencing to the stage of change of exercise.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effect of Exercise Stage-Matched Intervention for Elderly Women with Chronic Back Pain in the Contemplation and Preparation Stage
    Hyun-Ju Oh, Soon-Rim Suh, Mihan Kim
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2019; 31(4): 414.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing Exercise Behavior of the Male Manual Worker and Office Worker based on Health Promotion Model
    SeungKyoung Yang, Yeongmi Ha, Mi-Ra Jung
    Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2015; 24(3): 235.     CrossRef
  • Influence of exercise self efficacy and perceived health status according to the stage of change for exercise behaviors in older adults
    Woo-Cheol Kim
    Journal of Digital Convergence.2015; 13(11): 549.     CrossRef
  • Discriminating Factors of Stages of Change for Exercise among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
    Hyun Ju Hwang, Eun Nam Lee, Eun Jung Choi
    Journal of muscle and joint health.2014; 21(1): 46.     CrossRef
  • Construction of a Physical Activity Model for the Elderly
    Nam-Hee Kim, Hyoung-Sook Park, Myunghan Choi
    Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2013; 30(1): 27.     CrossRef
  • Factors Associated with Stages of Exercise Behavior Change of Residents in a Community
    Kyung-Shin Paek
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2012; 23(3): 316.     CrossRef
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Nurse's Adoption on a Planned Organizational Change
Tae Wha Lee, Cho Ja Kim, Jung Sook Park, So Sun Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(2):155-164.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.2.155
AbstractAbstract PDF

With the dynamically changing environment of society, managing change is the vital element of organizations's survival and growth. Health care organizations have expended enormous resources to restructure patient care delivery. Despite the growing literature describing these organizational innovations, there is a paucity of credible data that reflects systematic measurement and evaluation of such changes. This study examined the nurses' psychological response toward the work process redesign, newly introduced by the nursing department in a acute care hospital. The aim of the study was to figure out how nurses's general perception of change and perceived attributes of change affected their acceptance of change during the organizational transition. This was descriptive-correlational. The sample for the study included 50 head nurses and 135 staff nurses. Data was analyzed using SPSS PC+, version 10.0. The major findings of the study were as follows: First, the mean score of the perception of change was 71.2 (SD=13.8) with the range of 0-100, which means nurses generally perceived change positively. There were significant differences in perception of change by gender and education level. Head nurses perceived change more positively than staff nurses. The higher education level showed the more positive view of change. Second, among the perceived attributes of change, trialability had the highest mean score, which means nurses perceived the change more positively if it is testable on a limited basis. Relative advantage was perceived the most negatively. Finally, factors influencing the acceptability of the work-process redesign were perceived comparability, complexity, relative advantage, and observability, which accounted for 43.7% of the variance in the acceptability of change.This study evaluated the preliminary effects of the nursing process for reengineering, focusing on nurses' acceptability towards change. The usefulness of this research study was to determine the factors influencing acceptance of organizational members during transitional periods of change and to suggest effective strategies for increasing adoption as well as for decreasing resistance to change.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Study on Non-Value-Added Nursing Activities in a Tertiary Hospital
    Mi Young Kim, Sung Ae Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2011; 17(3): 315.     CrossRef
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A study of the Stage of Change and Decisional balance: Exercise Acquisition, Smoking Cessation, Mammography Screening and Kegel's Exercise Acquisition in Korea
Sung Ok Chang, Young Joo Park, Chang Seung Park, Yeo Jin Lim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(5):1265-1278.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.5.1265
AbstractAbstract PDF

This study was carried out to assess the perception of decisional balance of Korean subjects about 4 health behaviors and to identify the influencing factor of decisional balance for exercise acquisition, smoking cessation, mammography screening and Kegel's exercise acquisition. All are representative health behaviors nurses can intervene in Korea based on the Transtheoretical model. Convenient samples of 2,484 subjects (191; exercise, 169; smoking cessation, 1903; mammography screening and 221; Kegel's exercise) were selected from cities and counties over 9 provinces throughout Korea, and the data was collected from January 1, 1999 to February 29, 2000. The research instrument were the Decisional Balance Measure for Exercise (Marcus & Owen., 1992), Smoking Cessation (Velicer et al., 1985), Mammography Screening (Rakowski et al.,1992) and Kegel Exercise (Lim, 1999) and Stage of Change Measure for Exercise (Marcus et al, 1992), Smoking Cessation (DiClemente et al., 1991), Mammography Screening (Rakowski et al.,1992) and Kegel's Exercise (Lim, 1999). The data was analyzed by the SAS Program. The results are as follows; 1. According to the stage of change measure, 2,484 subjects were distributed in each stage of change for four health behaviors: 1,233 subjects (49.8%), 745 subjects (30.2%), 113 subjects (4.7%), 156 subjects (6.5%), and 216 (8.7%) belonged to the pre- contemplation stage, contemplation stage, preparation stage, action stage and maintenance stage. They were all series of stages of change in their efforts to do health behavior. 2. Factor analysis identified 3 factors (1 of Pros, 2 of Cons) for the exercise, 4 factors for smoking cessation (2 of Pros, 2 of Cons), 2 factors (1 of Pros, 1 of Cons) for the mammogram screening and 2 factors (1 of Pros, 1 of Cons) for Kegel's exercise of decisional balance. 3. The analysis of variance and multiple comparison analysis showed that for all 4 samples, the Cons of changing the problem behaviors outweighed the Pros for subjects who were in the pre- contemplation stage, The opposite was true for subjects in action and maintenance stage. 4. Through the discriminant analysis, it was found that one factor of Pros for exercise, one factor of Cons for smoking cessation, 1 factor of Cons for mammogram screening and one factor of Cons for Kegel's exercise were the more influencing factors, than others in discriminating the stages of change.
Results
are consistent with the applications of the Transtheoretical model, which have been used to understand how people change health behaviors. This results provide some evidence that subject's report of his/her health behavior corresponds to beliefs about usefulness of related health behaviors. The results of this study have implications for patients' health education and health intervention strategies. The findings of this study give useful information for nursing educators for 4 health behaviors, especially the factors relating to decision making in the different stages of change.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effects of a Smoking Cessation Program using Self-regulated Learning Strategy for Middle School Boys
    Young-Ju Jee, Haejung Lee, Yeonjung Lim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2011; 20(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Application of the Transtheoretical Model to Identify Aspects Influencing Condom Use Among Korean College Students
    Young Mi Kwon, Eun Ja Yeun, Hee Young Kim, Mi Sun Youn, Ju Yeon Cho, Hee Joo Lee
    Western Journal of Nursing Research.2008; 30(8): 991.     CrossRef
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A Prediction Model for Stage of Change of Exercise In the Korean Elderly: Based on the Transtheoretical Model
Soon Yong Kim, So In Kim, Young Ja Chun, Pyoung Sook Lee, Sook Ja Lee, Eun Sook Park, Sung Ok Chang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(2):366-379.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.2.366
AbstractAbstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to identify causal relationships among variables of transtheoretical model for exercise in the elderly. A predictivel model explaining the stage of change was constructed based on a transtheoretical model. Empirical data for testing the hypothetical model was collected from 198 old adults over 60 years old in a community setting in Seoul, Korea in April and May,1999. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and correlational analysis using pc-SAS program. The Linear Structural Modeling (LISREL) 8.0 program was used to find the best fit model which predicts causal relationship of variables. The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was X2=132.85. (df=22, p=.000). GFI=.88, NNFI=.35, NFI=.77, AGFI=.59 which was not favorable but the fit of modified model to the data was X2=46.90. (df=27, p=.01).GFI= .95, NNFI=.91, NFI=.92, AGFI=.87) which was more than moderate. The predictable variables of stage of change for exercise of the Korean elderly were helping relationship, self cognitive determination, conversion of negative condition in process of change and efficacy for exercise . These variables explained 68% of stage of change for exercise of the Korean elderly.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Factors Associated with Stages of Exercise Behavior Change of Residents in a Community
    Kyung-Shin Paek
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2012; 23(3): 316.     CrossRef
  • Mediating Effects of Self-Efficacy in the Transtheoretical Model Among Adolescent Male Smokers in Korea
    Ok Kyung Ham, Jae Bok Yoo
    Asian Nursing Research.2009; 3(1): 15.     CrossRef
  • Korean adolescents' exercise behavior and its relationship with psychological variables based on stages of change model
    Y KIM
    Journal of Adolescent Health.2004; 34(6): 523.     CrossRef
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Process of Change Corresponding to the Stage of Change of Exercise in Elderly
Young Ja Chun, So In Kim, Pyoung Sook Lee, Soon Yong Kim, Sook Ja Lee, Eun Sook Park, Sung Ok Chang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(2):354-365.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.2.354
AbstractAbstract PDF

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the factors that change exercise behave. This study will also classify and identify the characteristics of excercise stages to which the elderly belong Also, to identify the processes of change which influence on the changes in exercise performed by the elderly.
Methods
Convenient samples of 198 subjects over the age 60 in Seoul Korea(mean age=70) were selected from elderly communities and were all mentally conpetant older adults. The data were collected from April 1,1999 to May 30, 1999. The research instruments were measured the change in exercise (Marcus et al., 1992b), such as Stage of Change measure(Marcus et al,1992a). The data were analyzed by SAS Program.
Results
1. According to the measure of change without missing data, 191 subjects were distributed each stage of change for exercise: 50 subjects (26.1%), 7 subjects (3.6%), 52 subjects (27.2%), 4 subjects (2%), and 78 (40.8%) belonged to the precontemplation stage, the contemplation stage, the preparation stage, the action stage and the maintenace stage. 2. According to the factor analysis, 6 factors of change were identified as appropriate processes of change and were named by the researchers. The names were; 'Supportive helping relationship', 'Self cognitive determination', 'Environmental reinforcement', Consciousness raising', Reinforcement of negative condition and 'Conversion of negative condition'. 3. According to the stage of change, there were significant mean differences in the 'Supportive helping relationship(F=22.04, p=.0001)', 'Self cognitive determination (F=50.87, p=.0001)', 'Reinforcement of negative condition(F=7.84,p=.0006)'. 4. Through the discriminant analysis, it was found that Self cognitive determination is the most influential variable as one of the processes of change which can discrimiate the three stages of change (precontemplation, preparation, and maintenance). Also the next significant variable was Reinforcement of negative condition.
Conclusion
The process of the dey change is one of concepts of The transtheoretical model known as strategies and the techniques people use as they go through the different stages of change. Even though this study is cross- sectional not longitudinal study, the finding of this study gives useful information for exercise intervention, by using this strategy of exercise for elderly in different stages of change in exercise.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Influence of exercise self efficacy and perceived health status according to the stage of change for exercise behaviors in older adults
    Woo-Cheol Kim
    Journal of Digital Convergence.2015; 13(11): 549.     CrossRef
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Illness Experience of People with Chronic Hepatitis B in Korea
Myungsun Yi, Eun Ok Choi, Seung Woon Paik, Keum Soon Kim, Sangman Kwak, Hwa Jin Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(5):665-675.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.5.665
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of people with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Korea. The specific aim was to identify major problems that people with CHB face and strategies that they are dealing with.

Methods

A grounded theory method was utilized. The data were collected by individual in-depth interviews from 12 CHB patients from one of the major hospitals in Korea.

Results

After constant comparative analysis, a core category emerged as “illness management with self-reliance and will.” Seven major strategies that were identified in dealing with the illness were maintaining receptive and positive attitudes; restraining excessive work and greed; searching for information; controlling illness information; adhering to practices for not spreading the viral disease; abstaining from alcohol and smoking and maintaining healthy eating habits; nd using alternative therapies. The outcomes that result from employing these strategies were identified as burden, depression and helplessness, stress for maintaining compliance, and dispirited interpersonal relationships.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that most people with CHB in Korea have problems in psychosocial area. Thus health professionals need to provide not only informational support but also emotional one to improve quality of life of the people with CHB.

Citations

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  • Hepatitis B Virus Infection
    Yeonsoo Jang, Sunjoo Boo, Hyera Yoo
    Gastroenterology Nursing.2018; 41(5): 388.     CrossRef
  • Illness Experience of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Participating in Clinical Trials
    Hoo-Jeung Cho, Euna Park
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2016; 7(6): 394.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and severity of depression in chronic viral hepatitis in Iran
    Mojgan Mirabdolhagh Hazaveh, Taraneh Dormohammadi Toosi, Mohsen Nasiri Toosi, Amir Tavakoli, Fatemeh Shahbazi
    Gastroenterology Report.2015; 3(3): 234.     CrossRef
  • A study of Fatigue, Depression and Sleep Disorders in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease
    Ji-Suk Kim, Hae-Sook Hong, Yeon-Kyung Na
    Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2012; 14(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Complexity and Uncertainty of Living with an Invisible Virus of Hepatitis B in Korea
    Haeok Lee, Jin Hyang Yang, Myung Ok Cho, Jacqueline Fawcett
    Journal of Cancer Education.2010; 25(3): 337.     CrossRef
  • The Meaning of Illness among Korean Americans with Chronic Hepatitis B
    Jin-Hyang Yang, Hae-Ok Lee, Myung-Ok Cho
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(5): 662.     CrossRef
  • Qualitative Research Investigating Patterns of Health Care Behavior among Korean Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B
    Jin-Hyang Yang, Myung-Ok Cho, Hae-Ok Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(6): 805.     CrossRef
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Nicotine Dependence, Smoking-related Attitude, and Subjective Norms across the Stages of Change for Smoking Cessation among Adults Smokers in a Rural Area
Young Hee Kim, Nam Sook Seo, Hae Young Kang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(6):1023-1032.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.6.1023
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify nicotine dependence, smoking-related attitude, and subjective norms across the stages of change for smoking cessation among adult smokers in a rural area.

Method

The subjects were 276 current smokers (male=243, female=33). There were 3 stages of change for smoking cessation: pre-contemplation, contemplation, and preparation stage. Data was collected by an interview or self-reporting from February 12th to March 5th 2004, and analyzed with frequency, percentage, χ2-test, Fisher's exact probability test, ANOVA, and Scheffe test using the SPSS-PC program.

Result

According to the stages of change, 114(41.3%) current smokers were in pre-contemplation, 110(39.9%) in contemplation, and 52(18.8%) in the preparation stage. There was a higher percentage of males than females (χ2=8.99, p=.011) in the preparation stage. The mean score of the smoking-related attitude (F=7.43, p=.001) and subjective norm(F=27.41, p=.001) were both lowest in the pre-contemplation stage and increased positively during the stages of change for smoking cessation.

Conclusion

Based on these findings, the authors recommend that community-based smoking cessation programs should be developed by considering the intention or motives of current smokers and should be initiated in the preparation stage and primarily for male groups.

Citations

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  • Factors Associated with Indoor Smoking at Home: A Focus on Socioeconomic Status in South Korea
    Bomgyeol Kim, Yejin Lee, Young Dae Kwon, Tae Hyun Kim, Jin Won Noh
    Epidemiology and Health.2020; : e2020067.     CrossRef
  • Exploring socio-contextual factors associated with male smoker’s intention to quit smoking
    Minsoo Jung
    BMC Public Health.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Factors Affecting Preparation Stage to Quit Smoking in Men
    Jeong-Woon Yeon, Hyeongsu Kim, Kunsei Lee, Sounghoon Chang, Heejung Choi, Eunmi Ham, Jun Pyo Myong
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2012; 42(3): 377.     CrossRef
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Process of Change, Decisional Balance, Self-efficacy and Depression across the Stages of Change for Exercise among Middle Aged Women in Korea
Yun Mi Lee, Nam Hee Park, Young Hee Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(4):587-595.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.4.587
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to differentiate the change in exercise behavior into different stages and to investigate differences in the process of change, self efficacy, decisional balances and depression according to the stages of exercise behavior change among middle aged women in Korea by using the transtheoretical Model.

Methods

A convenience sample of 434 middle aged women (40-64 years) completed measures of all transtheoretical model constructs involved in exercise behaviors (stages and processes of exercise behaviors change, self efficacy and decisional balance) and depression. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS 10.0 program including descriptive statistics, and one-way ANOVA.

Results

The subjects were distributed in each stage of change in exercise behaviors: pre-contemplation (n=106; 24.4%), contemplation (n=126; 29%), preparation (n=88; 20.3%), action (n=51; 11.8%), and maintenance (n=63; 14.5%). The processes of change, pros(advantages of behaviors), self-efficacy and depression were significantly differentiated across the stages of exercise behavior change. Cons(disadvantage of behaviors) was not significantly differentiated across the stages of exercise behavior change.

Conclusions

Results of this study suggested that discriminating of processes of change, self-efficacy, decisional balance, and depression could provide positive information to people about the stages of change in exercise behavior. Therefore, in designing interventions, the stage of a client's exercise behaviors change needs to be assessed prior to application of intervention programs in order to increase and maintain exercise behavior in middle aged women.

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  • Promoting Sustainable Transportation: A Transtheoretical Examination of Active Transport Modes
    Tooba Batool, Veerle Ross, Jade Van Blerk, An Neven, Paul Dendale, Davy Janssens, Geert Wets, Kris Brijs
    Sustainability.2024; 16(2): 472.     CrossRef
  • Revisiting the Transtheoretical Model for Physical Activity: A Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study on Japanese-Speaking Adults
    Takeyuki Oba, Keisuke Takano, Kentaro Katahira, Kenta Kimura
    Annals of Behavioral Medicine.2024; 58(3): 167.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a transtheoretical model - based intervention and motivational interviewing on the management of depression in hospitalized patients with coronary heart disease: a randomized controlled trial
    Xiaoyun Li, Silan Yang, Yishu Wang, Bingxiang Yang, Jingping Zhang
    BMC Public Health.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Application of Transtheoretical Model on Behavioral Changes, and Amount of Physical Activity Among University’s Students
    Kien Ting Liu, Yee Cheng Kueh, Wan Nor Arifin, Youngho Kim, Garry Kuan
    Frontiers in Psychology.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effects of Job Characteristics, Organizational Culture on Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention in Public Institution Nurses
    Young Joo Lee, So Hee Kim, Taewha Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2015; 21(4): 354.     CrossRef
  • Relationships between Transtheoretical Model Stages of Change, Decisional Balance, Self-Efficacy, and Physical Activity Level among Nigerian Market Vendors
    Fatai Adesina Maruf, Peter Olanrewaju Ibikunle, Najim Olanrewaju Raji
    American Journal of Health Promotion.2014; 28(5): e118.     CrossRef
  • Measuring Stages of Change, Perceived Barriers and Self efficacy for Physical Activity in Saudi Arabia
    Hala Hazam Al-Otaibi
    Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2013; 14(2): 1009.     CrossRef
  • A Comparative Study on Nursing Practice Environment, Professionalism, and Job Satisfaction according to Hospital Size
    Mi Hye Lee, Jong Kyung Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2013; 19(4): 470.     CrossRef
  • Mediating Effect of Psychological Empowerment in Relationship between Professional Self-concept and Burnout in Psychiatric Nurses
    Gyung-Hee Kim, Jiyoung Kim, Juri Limb
    Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2012; 21(3): 229.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing Turnover Intention of Nurses in Small-medium sized Hospitals
    Ki No Kang
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2012; 18(2): 155.     CrossRef
  • The Impact of Nursing Professionalism on the Nursing Performance and Retention Intention among Psychiatric Mental Health Nurses
    Kyoung Ja Kwon, Kyoung Hee Ko, Kyung Won Kim, Jung A Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2010; 16(3): 229.     CrossRef
  • A Study on Exercise Performance and Its Relating Factors in Middle-aged Women
    Sung-Jae Oh, Jeung-Im Kim, Young-Ran Chae
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2010; 16(4): 348.     CrossRef
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Effectiveness of a Smoking Cessation Program for Adolescents
Soyaja Kim, Kyoung Ah Nam, Mia Seo, Hyun Hwa Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(4):646-654.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.4.646
AbstractAbstract
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a comprehensive smoking cessation program for Korean adolescents.

Method

The study design was quasi-experimental with one pre and three post-tests. The three posttests were done immediately after, three months later, and six months after the completion of the program. A total of 43 high school students who smoked participated in the study with 22 in the experimental group and 21 in the control group. The smoking cessation program consisted of 9 sessions with content on enhancement of self-efficacy, stress management, correction of distorted thoughts, consciousness raising, and assertiveness training. The study variables were urine cotinine levels, self-efficacy, stress, and stages of changed behavior.

Results

Urine cotinine levels significantly decreased in the experimental group after the program (F=3.02, p=.06) but significantly increased in the control group (F=6.32, p=.004). Self-efficacy and the degree of stress did not change in either group. The stages of smoking cessation behavior tended to change when compared with raw data for the experimental group. For most participants, the stages of change had been precontemplation and contemplation, but changed to action and maintenance stage among the experimental group.

Conclusion

The program was effective in smoking cessation and influencing stages of change but did not change psychosocial factors such as self-efficacy and stress. It is suggested a program should be developed to change psychosocial variables on a long-term basis. It is also desirable to involve peers and families of adolescents who smoke when planning programs to enhance social support.

Citations

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  • Does adding a psychosocial cessation intervention to an existing life-skills and tobacco-prevention program influence the use of tobacco and supari among secondary school students?: Findings from a quasi-experimental trial in Mumbai, India
    Nilesh Chatterjee, Himanshu Gupte, Gauri Mandal, Tshering Bhutia
    Tobacco Prevention & Cessation.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Decisional Balances and the Process of Change in Smoking Cessation in Patients with Coronary Artery Diseases
Haeng Mi Son
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(8):1171-1177.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.8.1171
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

Despite many smoking cessation programs, many patients with CAD continue to smoke or re-smoke. The processes of change and self-change for smoking cessation is emphasized. The purpose of present study was to investigate decisional balances and processes of change according to stages of change for smoking cessation in the patients with CAD.

Methods

This descriptive study was performed using the self-reported questionnaires from 157 male patients with CAD who have smoking experiences. The questionnaires consisted of decisional balances toward smoking (pros/cons) and processes of change including 7 factors.

Results

45.2% of the subjects had myocardial infarction and 54.8% for angina pectoris. Major stages of change were maintenance, contemplation, and precontemplation in 62%, 14%, and 18% respectively. The mean score of pros smoking was 31.07 and cons smoking was 32.52. The mean scores of processes of change were high in all 7 factors, especially in self determination. The pros smoking in precontemplation stage was significantly higher than those in other stages. Between contemplation and precontemplation stages, processes of change showed significant differences in stimulus control, self determination, information management, and dramatic relief.

Conclusion

This study suggests that decisional balances and processes of change are stage-specific. As this study, smoking cessation program in the patients with CAD must put priority on the patients group in precontemplation and contemplation stages, and stress self determination and dramatic relief.

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The Lived Experience of Patients with Heart Transplantation: A Phenomenological Study
Younghui Hwang, Myungsun Yi
J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(1):110-120.   Published online February 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.1.110
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to describe the lived experience of patients with heart transplantation in Korea.

Methods

Individual indepth interviews and a focus group interview were used to collect the data from nine patients who had heart transplantations in 2015. All interviews were audio-taped and verbatim transcripts were made for the analysis. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method.

Results

Among the nine participants, eight were men. Mean age was 57.30 years. Six theme clusters emerged from the analysis. ‘Joy of rebirth obtained by good luck’ describes the pleasure and expectation of new life after narrow survival. ‘Suffering from adverse drug effects’ illustrates various psychosocial difficulties, such as low self-esteem, helplessness, alienation, and burnout, arising from the side effects of medications. ‘Body and mind of being bewildered’ illustrates disintegrated health and haunting fear of death. ‘Alienation disconnected with society’ describes isolated feeling of existence due to misunderstandings from society. ‘Suffering overcome with gratitude and responsibility’ includes overcoming experience through various social supports and suitable jobs. Finally, ‘acceptance of suffering accompanied with new heart’ illustrate changed perspective of life itself.

Conclusion

The findings in this study provide deep understanding and insights of the lived experience of heart related illness for these patients and should help in the development of tailored-interventions for patients with heart transplantation.

Citations

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  • An educational design and development project for pediatric heart transplant recipients and their families
    Go-Eun Kim, Eun Kyoung Choi, HyeJung Lee, Yu-Mi Im
    Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2022; 66: e152.     CrossRef
  • Clinical outcomes of a nurse-led post-discharge education program for heart-transplant recipients: A retrospective cohort study
    Ji Hyeon Lee, Seok-Min Kang, Young Ah. Kim, Sang Hui Chu
    Applied Nursing Research.2021; 59: 151427.     CrossRef
  • Lived Experiences of Korean Young Adults After Heart Transplantation: A Phenomenological Approach
    Hye Jin Yoo, Eunyoung E. Suh
    Asian Nursing Research.2021; 15(2): 89.     CrossRef
  • Life experiences of adult heart transplant recipients: a new life, challenges, and coping
    CEBECİ Fatma, CETİN Cigdem, CATAL Emine, BAYEZİD Omer
    Quality of Life Research.2021; 30(6): 1619.     CrossRef
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Life Experience of Patients suffering from Crohn's Disease
Yang-Sook Yoo, Eun-Ju Lee, Ok-Hee Cho
J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(3):409-419.   Published online June 28, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.3.409
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to describe and explore the experience process of life of patients with Crohn's disease.

Methods

Using a grounded theory methodology, 24 interviews were performed with 7 men and 5 women, 17-47 years of age, suffering from Crohn's disease.

Results

'Tuning of two conflicting lives' was identified as the core category, and 5 subcategories were identified and they were integrated into the core category. The identified outcomes were 'Living a withdrawn life', 'coping flexibly', 'drifting with tangled emotions' and 'maintaining long-term remission'.

Conclusion

When caring for these patients, it is important to identify needs, allow patients to express what they want at that moment and support them in maintaining a daily life that can be perceived as normal.

Citations

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  • Regaining normality: A grounded theory study of the illness experiences of Chinese patients living with Crohn’s disease
    Jiayin Ruan, Yunxian Zhou
    International Journal of Nursing Studies.2019; 93: 87.     CrossRef
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Body Fat Distribution and Blood Pressure according to Anthropometric Change in Korean Patients with Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus(NIDDM)
Hye Ja Park, Sehyun Kim, Eun Jeong Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(5):837-844.   Published online August 31, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.5.837
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was done to identify fat distribution and blood pressure according to anthropometric change patterns between NIDDM patients and control subjects.

Methods

Cross-sectionally 167 NIDDM patients and 87 controls were studied. Previous maximal body weight and acute weight loss was obtained. Current height, body weight, BMI, waist-hip ratio(WHR), skinfold thicknesses(abdomen, subscapular & triceps), and blood pressure was measured. Three anthropometric change patterns were categorized by BMI changes from the maximum lifetim's BMI to the current time (obese-obese, obese-nonobese and nonobese-nonobese: obese: BMI≥25 kg/m2, nonobese: BMI<25 kg/m2). The data was analyzed by χ2, t-test, age adjusted ANCOVA and Least Squares Means(LSM) for multiple comparison.

Result

Acute body weight loss(p=0.01), anthropometric change types (p=0.001), WHR (P=0.05), and skinfold thickness (p=0.002) of NIDDM were significantly higher than those of the controls. The mean arterial pressure, WHR and skinfold thicknesses were greater in both obese-obese and obese-nonobese NIDDM and control subjects compared with both nonobese-nonobese NIDDM and control subjects. (all p's< 0.05).

Conclusion

NIDDM patients had more central and upper body adiposicity. Also both obese-obese and obese-nonobese NIDDM and control subjects had higher mean arterial pressures and central body obesity.

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