Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Original Articles

Gender Difference in Osteoporosis Prevalence, Awareness and Treatment: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008~2011: Yunmi Kim, Jung Hwan Kim, Dong Sook Cho; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(2):293-305. Published online April 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.2.293

Purpose

The aim of the study was to assess and identify gender differences in factors associated with prevalence, awareness, and treatment of osteoporosis.

Methods

Data for 3,071 men and 3,635 women (age≥ 50) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008~2011 were included. Osteoporosis was defined by World Health Organization T-score criteria. Impact factors and odds ratios were analysed by gender using multivariate logistic regression.

Results

Osteoporosis prevalence rates were 7.0% in men and 40.1% in women. Osteopenia rates were 45.5% and 46.0% respectively. Among respondents with osteoporosis, 7.6% men and 37.8% women were aware of their diagnosis. Also 5.7% men with osteoporosis and 22.8% women were treated. Higher prevalence was found among respondents who were older, at lower socioeconomic levels, with lower body mass index and shorter height in both genders, and among women with fracture history, and non-hormonal replacement therapy. Awareness and treatment rates for the risk groups were similar compared to the low risk controls for both genders. Fracture history increased awareness and treatment rates independently for both genders. Women with perceived poor health status and health screening had increased awareness and treatment rates, but not men.

Conclusion

Results indicate that postmenopausal women have a higher prevalence of osteoporosis than men and awareness and treatment rates were higher than for men. Despite gender difference in prevalence, osteoporosis was underdiagnosed and undertreated for both genders. Specialized public education and routine health screenings according to gender could be effective strategies to increase osteoporosis awareness and treatment.

Citations

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Bone Mineral Density, Biochemical Bone Turnover Markers and Factors associated with Bone Health in Young Korean Women: Young-Joo Park, Sook Ja Lee, Nah-Mee Shin, Hyunjeong Shin, Yoo-Kyung Kim, Yunjung Cho, Songi Jeon, Inhae Cho; J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(5):504-514. Published online October 31, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.5.504

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to assess the bone mineral density (BMD), biochemical bone turnover markers (BTMs), and factors associated with bone health in young Korean women.

Methods

Participants were 1,298 women, ages 18-29, recruited in Korea. Measurements were BMD by calcaneus quantitative ultrasound, BTMs for Calcium, Phosphorus, Osteocalcin, and C-telopeptide cross-links (CTX), body composition by physical measurements, nutrients by food frequency questionnaire and psychosocial factors associated with bone health by self-report.

Results

The mean BMD (Z-score) was -0.94. 8.7% women had lower BMD (Z-score≤-2) and 14.3% women had higher BMD (Z-score≥0) than women of same age. BTMs were not significantly different between high-BMD (Z-score≥0) and low-BMD (Z-score<0) women. However, Osteocalcin and CTX were higher in women preferring caffeine intake, sedentary lifestyle and alcoholic drinks. Body composition and Calcium intake were significantly higher in high-BMD. Low-BMD women reported significantly higher susceptibility and barriers to exercise in health beliefs, lower bone health self-efficacy and promoting behaviors.

Conclusion

Results of this study indicate that bone health of young Korean women is not good. Development of diverse strategies to intervene in factors such as exercise, nutrients, self-efficacy, health beliefs and behaviors, shown to be important, are needed to improve bone health.

Citations

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Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2015; 27(4): 459. CrossRef

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The Relationship between Lifetime Sports Activity Measured with MET and Peak Strain Score and Bone Measurement in College-aged Women: Eun-Nam Lee, Eun Jung Choi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2008;38(5):667-675. Published online October 30, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.5.667

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare the relation between differently measured sports activities (metabolic equivalent [MET] and peak strain score) and distal radius bone mineral density in college-aged women.
Methods
Lifetime sports activity was scored in two different ways: 1) a sports activity score by multiplying the intensity (METs) and duration and 2) a sports activity score by adding up physical strain scores based on the ground reaction force of each sports activities. Bone mineral density was measured using dual energy x-ray densitometry (DTX-200) in the distal radius site.
Results
In stepwise multiple regression analysis, body weight and sports activities during the college period were significant positive predictors for distal radius bone mineral density. The explained variance of sports activity measured with a peak strain score (8.8%) for distal radius bone mineral density was higher than one measured with the MET score (3.3%).
Conclusion
It can be concluded that sports activity scores based on MET and peak strain scores during college are very important for determining the bone mineral density in the distal radius site in women under 30.

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