Young-Joo Park; Sook Ja Lee; Nah-Mee Shin; Hyunjeong Shin; Yoo-Kyung Kim; Yunjung Cho; Songi Jeon; Inhae Cho

doi:10.4040/jkan.2014.44.5.504

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Original Article
Bone Mineral Density, Biochemical Bone Turnover Markers and Factors associated with Bone Health in Young Korean Women: Young-Joo Park, Sook Ja Lee, Nah-Mee Shin, Hyunjeong Shin, Yoo-Kyung Kim, Yunjung Cho, Songi Jeon, Inhae Cho; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2014;44(5):504-514.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.5.504
Published online: October 31, 2014

¹College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.

²Department of Home Economics Education, College of Education, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.

³Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.

⁴Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Jeon, Songi. College of Nursing, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Korea. Tel: +82-2-3290-4906, Fax: +82-2-927-4676, j50792@korea.ac.kr

• Received: April 17, 2014 • Revised: May 2, 2014 • Accepted: August 18, 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

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Abstract
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REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
This study was done to assess the bone mineral density (BMD), biochemical bone turnover markers (BTMs), and factors associated with bone health in young Korean women.
Methods
Participants were 1,298 women, ages 18-29, recruited in Korea. Measurements were BMD by calcaneus quantitative ultrasound, BTMs for Calcium, Phosphorus, Osteocalcin, and C-telopeptide cross-links (CTX), body composition by physical measurements, nutrients by food frequency questionnaire and psychosocial factors associated with bone health by self-report.
Results
The mean BMD (Z-score) was -0.94. 8.7% women had lower BMD (Z-score≤-2) and 14.3% women had higher BMD (Z-score≥0) than women of same age. BTMs were not significantly different between high-BMD (Z-score≥0) and low-BMD (Z-score<0) women. However, Osteocalcin and CTX were higher in women preferring caffeine intake, sedentary lifestyle and alcoholic drinks. Body composition and Calcium intake were significantly higher in high-BMD. Low-BMD women reported significantly higher susceptibility and barriers to exercise in health beliefs, lower bone health self-efficacy and promoting behaviors.
Conclusion
Results of this study indicate that bone health of young Korean women is not good. Development of diverse strategies to intervene in factors such as exercise, nutrients, self-efficacy, health beliefs and behaviors, shown to be important, are needed to improve bone health.
Keywords: Bone density; Biochemical markers; Body composition; Nutrients; Women

This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (No. NRF-2012R1A1A3013540).

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Table 1

Demographic Characteristics and Bone Mineral Density of Young Korean Women (N=1,298)

SES=Socioeconomic status; BQI=Bone quality index; SOS=Speed of sound; BUA=Broadband ultrasound attenuation.

Table 2

Body Composition and Biochemical Bone Turnover Markers by Bone Mineral Density of Young Korean Women (N=1,298)

BMD=Bone mineral density; CTX=C-telopeptide of collagen cross-links; CTX/OC ratio=C-telopeptide of collagen cross-links/Osteocalcin ratio.

Table 3

Mean Difference of Bone Health Knowledge, Health Beliefs and Bone Health Promoting Behavior according to Bone Mineral Density (N=1,298)

Table 4

Health Habits, Bone Mineral Density and Bone Turnover Markers of Young Korean Women (N=1,298)

Means with different superscript letters are significantly different, p<.05 by Duncan's multiple comparison test; BTMs=Bone turnover markers; CTX=C-telopeptide of collagen cross-links.

Table 5

Energy and Nutrients Intake according to Bone Mineral Density of Young Korean Women (N=1,157)

Figure & Data

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Bone Mineral Density, Biochemical Bone Turnover Markers and Factors associated with Bone Health in Young Korean Women

J Korean Acad Nurs. 2014;44(5):504-514. Published online October 31, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.5.504

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Bone Mineral Density, Biochemical Bone Turnover Markers and Factors associated with Bone Health in Young Korean Women

Table 1

Demographic Characteristics and Bone Mineral Density of Young Korean Women (N=1,298)

SES=Socioeconomic status; BQI=Bone quality index; SOS=Speed of sound; BUA=Broadband ultrasound attenuation.

Table 2

Body Composition and Biochemical Bone Turnover Markers by Bone Mineral Density of Young Korean Women (N=1,298)

BMD=Bone mineral density; CTX=C-telopeptide of collagen cross-links; CTX/OC ratio=C-telopeptide of collagen cross-links/Osteocalcin ratio.

Table 3

Mean Difference of Bone Health Knowledge, Health Beliefs and Bone Health Promoting Behavior according to Bone Mineral Density (N=1,298)

Table 4

Health Habits, Bone Mineral Density and Bone Turnover Markers of Young Korean Women (N=1,298)

Means with different superscript letters are significantly different, p<.05 by Duncan's multiple comparison test; BTMs=Bone turnover markers; CTX=C-telopeptide of collagen cross-links.

Table 5

Energy and Nutrients Intake according to Bone Mineral Density of Young Korean Women (N=1,157)

Table 1 Demographic Characteristics and Bone Mineral Density of Young Korean Women (N=1,298)

SES=Socioeconomic status; BQI=Bone quality index; SOS=Speed of sound; BUA=Broadband ultrasound attenuation.

Table 2 Body Composition and Biochemical Bone Turnover Markers by Bone Mineral Density of Young Korean Women (N=1,298)

BMD=Bone mineral density; CTX=C-telopeptide of collagen cross-links; CTX/OC ratio=C-telopeptide of collagen cross-links/Osteocalcin ratio.

Table 3 Mean Difference of Bone Health Knowledge, Health Beliefs and Bone Health Promoting Behavior according to Bone Mineral Density (N=1,298)

Table 4 Health Habits, Bone Mineral Density and Bone Turnover Markers of Young Korean Women (N=1,298)

Means with different superscript letters are significantly different, p<.05 by Duncan's multiple comparison test; BTMs=Bone turnover markers; CTX=C-telopeptide of collagen cross-links.

Table 5 Energy and Nutrients Intake according to Bone Mineral Density of Young Korean Women (N=1,157)