Yunmi Kim; Jung Hwan Kim; Dong Sook Cho

doi:10.4040/jkan.2015.45.2.293

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Gender Difference in Osteoporosis Prevalence, Awareness and Treatment: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008~2011: Yunmi Kim, Jung Hwan Kim, Dong Sook Cho; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2015;45(2):293-305.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.2.293
Published online: April 30, 2015

¹College of Nursing, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea.

²Department of Family Medicine, Eulji Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Cho, Dong Sook. College of Nursing, Eulji University, 553 Sanseong-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam 461-832, Korea. Tel: +82-31-740-7157, Fax: +82-31-740-7359, E-mail: chds@eulji.ac.kr

• Received: October 23, 2014 • Revised: November 10, 2014 • Accepted: February 9, 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of the study was to assess and identify gender differences in factors associated with prevalence, awareness, and treatment of osteoporosis.
Methods
Data for 3,071 men and 3,635 women (age≥ 50) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008~2011 were included. Osteoporosis was defined by World Health Organization T-score criteria. Impact factors and odds ratios were analysed by gender using multivariate logistic regression.
Results
Osteoporosis prevalence rates were 7.0% in men and 40.1% in women. Osteopenia rates were 45.5% and 46.0% respectively. Among respondents with osteoporosis, 7.6% men and 37.8% women were aware of their diagnosis. Also 5.7% men with osteoporosis and 22.8% women were treated. Higher prevalence was found among respondents who were older, at lower socioeconomic levels, with lower body mass index and shorter height in both genders, and among women with fracture history, and non-hormonal replacement therapy. Awareness and treatment rates for the risk groups were similar compared to the low risk controls for both genders. Fracture history increased awareness and treatment rates independently for both genders. Women with perceived poor health status and health screening had increased awareness and treatment rates, but not men.
Conclusion
Results indicate that postmenopausal women have a higher prevalence of osteoporosis than men and awareness and treatment rates were higher than for men. Despite gender difference in prevalence, osteoporosis was underdiagnosed and undertreated for both genders. Specialized public education and routine health screenings according to gender could be effective strategies to increase osteoporosis awareness and treatment.
Keywords: Osteoporosis; Prevalence; Awareness; Treatment; Bone density

REFERENCES

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Table 1

General Characteristics of the Study Population by Gender

^*Among persons with lumbar spine or femoral neck T-score≤ -2.5, or taking anti-osteoporotic medications; OFM=Other family members; SES=Socioeconomic status; BMI=Body mass index; n=Unweighted sample size; N=Weighted sample size; W %=Weighted percent.

Table 2

Osteoporosis Prevalence^* according to Characteristics by Gender

^*Among persons with lumbar spine or femoral neck T-score≤ -2.5, or taking anti-osteoporotic medications; EP=estimated proportion; OFM=Other family members; SES=Socioeconomic status; BMI=Body mass index; n=Unweighted sample size; N=Weighted sample size; W %=Weighted percent.

Table 3

Osteoporosis Awareness^* according to Characteristics by Gender

Table 4

Osteoporosis Treatment^* according to Characteristics by Gender

Table 5

Odds ratios for Osteoporosis Prevalence, Awareness and Treatment by Gender

OR=Odds ratio; CI=Confidence interval; OFM=Other family members; SES=Socioeconomic status; BMI=Body mass index; n=Unweighted sample size; N=weighted sample size; All data were weighted to the residential population of Korea; ^*p<.05; ^†p<.001; ^‡Among persons with lumbar spine or femoral neck T-score≤ -2.5, or taking anti-osteoporotic medications.

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Gender Difference in Osteoporosis Prevalence, Awareness and Treatment: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008~2011

J Korean Acad Nurs. 2015;45(2):293-305. Published online April 30, 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.2.293

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Gender Difference in Osteoporosis Prevalence, Awareness and Treatment: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008~2011

Table 1

General Characteristics of the Study Population by Gender

Table 2

Osteoporosis Prevalence^* according to Characteristics by Gender

Table 3

Osteoporosis Awareness^* according to Characteristics by Gender

Table 4

Osteoporosis Treatment^* according to Characteristics by Gender

Table 5

Odds ratios for Osteoporosis Prevalence, Awareness and Treatment by Gender

Table 1 General Characteristics of the Study Population by Gender

Table 2 Osteoporosis Prevalence* according to Characteristics by Gender

Table 3 Osteoporosis Awareness* according to Characteristics by Gender

Table 4 Osteoporosis Treatment* according to Characteristics by Gender

Table 5 Odds ratios for Osteoporosis Prevalence, Awareness and Treatment by Gender