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Research Article
- Development of a Well-Dying Awareness Scale for Middle-Aged adults in Korea: a mixed-methods study
- Yu Jin Jung, Eun Joung Choi
- Received October 15, 2024 Accepted February 2, 2025 Published online March 28, 2025
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24121 [Epub ahead of print]
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Abstract
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ePub - Purpose
This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable tool to measure awareness of well-dying among middle-aged adults.
Methods
A mixed-methods approach was adopted, consisting of a qualitative phase to identify the characteristics of well-dying and a quantitative phase to validate the instrument with middle-aged participants. Initially, 76 items were generated through a literature review and in-depth interviews, and these were reduced to 35 items through expert validation. A pilot survey was conducted with 112 individuals aged 40–65, selected via quota sampling from 17 administrative regions in South Korea. Based on the pilot survey results, the instrument was refined to 32 items for the main survey. The main survey included 314 participants recruited through quota sampling in Busan and Ulsan Metropolitan Cities and Gyeongsang Region. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and reliability testing were performed to validate the instrument.
Results
The final scale comprised 23 items across six factors. EFA demonstrated an explanatory power of 69.1%, with factor loadings ranging from 0.53 to 0.88. CFA confirmed the instrument’s validity, and reliability was established with a Cronbach’s α of .93.
Conclusion
This instrument is a validated and reliable tool for measuring middle-aged individuals’ awareness of well-dying. It can serve as an effective resource for evaluating and assessing well-dying awareness in the middle-aged population.
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Original Articles
- Comparison of Awareness about Alcohol Use during Pregnancy among Female College Students by Drinking Levels: Using the Theory of Planned Behavior
- Saem Yi Kang, Hae Won Kim
- J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(6):690-700. Published online January 17, 2019
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.6.690
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Abstract
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Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the awareness of alcohol use during pregnancy and factors influencing the intention to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy by drinking levels.
Methods: Utilizing a comparative descriptive design, a total of 359 female college students were recruited. Measurements were Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) variables related awareness of alcohol use during pregnancy, Korean Version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, knowledge about alcohol use during pregnancy, and socio-demographic factors. Main variables were compared by drinking levels. The factors influencing the intention to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy were identified using hierarchical regression analysis.
Results: Non-problematic alcohol behavior group (n=185) had higher the intention to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy than problematic alcohol behavior group (n=174) (t=3.13,
p =.002). The significant TPB variables influencing the intention to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy were that attitudes (β =-.44,p <.001), subjective norms (β =.14,p =.026), and perceived behavior control (β =.19,p =.002) in non-problematic alcohol behavior group, whereas the corresponding variables in the problematic alcohol behavior group were attitudes (β =-.51,p <.001) and subjective norms (β =.21,p =.006).Conclusion: It is necessary to increase the intention to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy for the female college students having problematic alcohol behavior. The following strategies are recommended for them; decreasing acceptable attitudes toward alcohol use during pregnancy and reinforcing the influence of social pressure toward to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Preconception Care: Intention to Action- An Intervention Based on the
Planned Behavior Theory for Maternal and Neonatal Health: A Randomized
Clinical Trial
Maryam Valayi Aziz, Katayon Vakilian, Mahboobeh Khorsandi, Mehdi Ranjbaran
Current Women s Health Reviews.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - INDIVIDUAL AND ECOLOGICAL FACTORS AS PREDICTORS OF HARMFUL DRINKING AMONG FEMALE COLLEGE STUDENTS: AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH
Jinyoung ParK, Chang Gi Park, Sunah Kim
ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Gender differences in willingness for childbirth, fertility knowledge, and value of motherhood or fatherhood and their associations among college students in South Korea, 2021
Hae Won Kim, Seo Yun Kim
Archives of Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Factors influencing nursing students’ care intentions toward emerging infectious diseases patients: A descriptive-predictive study
Seungmi Park, Insun Jang, Soo-Young Yu
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2022; 28(4): 421. CrossRef
- Preconception Care: Intention to Action- An Intervention Based on the
Planned Behavior Theory for Maternal and Neonatal Health: A Randomized
Clinical Trial
- 291 View
- 3 Download
- 3 Web of Science
- 4 Crossref
- Gender Difference in Osteoporosis Prevalence, Awareness and Treatment: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008~2011
- Yunmi Kim, Jung Hwan Kim, Dong Sook Cho
- J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(2):293-305. Published online April 30, 2015
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.2.293
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Abstract
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Purpose The aim of the study was to assess and identify gender differences in factors associated with prevalence, awareness, and treatment of osteoporosis.
Methods Data for 3,071 men and 3,635 women (age≥ 50) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008~2011 were included. Osteoporosis was defined by World Health Organization T-score criteria. Impact factors and odds ratios were analysed by gender using multivariate logistic regression.
Results Osteoporosis prevalence rates were 7.0% in men and 40.1% in women. Osteopenia rates were 45.5% and 46.0% respectively. Among respondents with osteoporosis, 7.6% men and 37.8% women were aware of their diagnosis. Also 5.7% men with osteoporosis and 22.8% women were treated. Higher prevalence was found among respondents who were older, at lower socioeconomic levels, with lower body mass index and shorter height in both genders, and among women with fracture history, and non-hormonal replacement therapy. Awareness and treatment rates for the risk groups were similar compared to the low risk controls for both genders. Fracture history increased awareness and treatment rates independently for both genders. Women with perceived poor health status and health screening had increased awareness and treatment rates, but not men.
Conclusion Results indicate that postmenopausal women have a higher prevalence of osteoporosis than men and awareness and treatment rates were higher than for men. Despite gender difference in prevalence, osteoporosis was underdiagnosed and undertreated for both genders. Specialized public education and routine health screenings according to gender could be effective strategies to increase osteoporosis awareness and treatment.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Evaluation of radiation dose to Korean population by general radiography
Hyung Woo Nam, Min Woo Kwak, Shin Dong Lee, Ju Young Kim, Kwang Pyo Kim
Nuclear Engineering and Technology.2025; 57(4): 103286. CrossRef - A Study of Prevalence and Awareness of Low Bone Density of Female Utilizing Dental Panoramic Radiographs
Sung Jin Kim, In-Ja Song, Eun Joo Lee, Suk-Ja Yoon
The Korean Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology.2024; 48(3): 23. CrossRef - A Study of the Relationship Between Kidneys, Bones, and Teeth in Eastern-Western Medicine
Eun Bi Lee, Sang Yun Han
Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine.2024; 38(5): 187. CrossRef - Association between dietary intake of α-tocopherol and cadmium related osteoporosis in population ≥ 50 years
Renjia Li, Hai Qu, Jinwei Xu, Huiqin Yang, Jinyao Chen, Lishi Zhang, Jiuming Yan
Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism.2023; 41(4): 501. CrossRef - Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate versus tenofovir alafenamide on risk of osteoporotic fracture in patients with chronic hepatitis B: A nationwide claims study in South Korea
Eunju Kim, Hyun Woong Lee, Soon Sun Kim, Eileen Yoon, Eun Sun Jang, Jong‐In Chang, Young Youn Cho, Gi Hyeon Seo, Hyung Joon Kim
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2023; 58(11-12): 1185. CrossRef - Effect of
Spatholobus Suberectus Extract (SSE) on RANKL-treated RAW264.7 and LPS-induced Bone Loss
Dae Joong Lee, Jong Hyun Hwang, Do Hwi Park, Ki Sung Kang, Chan Yong Jeon, Gwi Seo Hwang
The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine.2022; 43(6): 1134. CrossRef - Efficient estimators with categorical ranked set samples: estimation procedures for osteoporosis
Armin Hatefi, Amirhossein Alvandi
Journal of Applied Statistics.2022; 49(4): 803. CrossRef - Up-to-Date Knowledge on Osteoporosis Treatment Selection in Postmenopausal Women
Hye Gyeong Jeong, Min Kyung Kim, Hee Jeung Lim, Seul Ki Kim
Journal of Menopausal Medicine.2022; 28(3): 85. CrossRef - Association of Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity with Bone Mass and Osteoporosis Risk in Korean Women: Analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2011
Donghyun Kim, Anna Han, Yongsoon Park
Nutrients.2021; 13(4): 1149. CrossRef - Analysis of the relationship between periodontitis and osteoporosis/fractures: a cross-sectional study
Seok-Jin Hong, Byoung-Eun Yang, Dae-Myoung Yoo, Sung-Jae Kim, Hyo-Geun Choi, Soo-Hwan Byun
BMC Oral Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Effect of Dosing Interval on Compliance of Osteoporosis Patients on Bisphosphonate Therapy: Observational Study Using Nationwide Insurance Claims Data
Hyunil Lee, Sangcheol Lee, Dokyung Kim, Weonmin Cho, Sungtan Cho, Siyeong Yoon, Soonchul Lee
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2021; 10(19): 4350. CrossRef - Effects of a health-belief-model-based osteoporosis- and fall-prevention program on women at early old age
Sukhee Ahn, Jiwon Oh
Applied Nursing Research.2021; 59: 151430. CrossRef - Analyses of the relationship between hyperuricemia and osteoporosis
Jung Woo Lee, Bong Cheol Kwon, Hyo Geun Choi
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Analysis of Anthropometric and Behavioral Factors of Korean Female Adolescents According to Age of Menarche: 2013~2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Eun–Joo Jeong, Bok-Mi Jung
The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2020; 31(3): 393. CrossRef - What are the illnesses associated with frailty in community-dwelling older adults: the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study
Sunyoung Kim, Hee-Won Jung, Chang Won Won
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2020; 35(4): 1004. CrossRef - Factors Influencing on Health-Related Quality of Life among Men Osteoporosis Patients over 50 Years
Ji Young Kim, Youngran Yang
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2020; 32(2): 145. CrossRef - Bone health-promoting bioactive peptides
Chang-Bum Ahn, Jae-Young Je
Journal of Food Biochemistry.2019; 43(1): e12529. CrossRef - Associations of obesity with osteoporosis and metabolic syndrome in Korean postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study using national survey data
Hyun-Young Kim, Yunmi Kim
Archives of Osteoporosis.2019;[Epub] CrossRef - Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Osteoporosis in Korean Adults Aged Over 50 Years Old Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2016-2017
Hyeon Hwa Lee, Mi Ah Han, Jong Park
Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2019; 44(3): 245. CrossRef - The Relationship of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio with Bone Mineral Density in Korean Postmenopausal Women
San-Hui Lee, So-Yeon Ryu, Jong Park, Min-Ho Shin, Mi-Ah Han, Seong-Woo Choi
Chonnam Medical Journal.2019; 55(3): 150. CrossRef - Gender differences in anti-osteoporosis drug treatment after osteoporotic fractures
Youn Jung, Yeonhee Ko, Ha Young Kim, Yong Chan Ha, Young-Kyun Lee, Tae-Young Kim, Dong-soo Choo, Sunmee Jang
Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism.2019; 37(1): 134. CrossRef - Effect of duration of diabetes on bone mineral density: a population study on East Asian males
Miso Jang, Hyunkyung Kim, Shorry Lea, Sohee Oh, Jong Seung Kim, Bumjo Oh
BMC Endocrine Disorders.2018;[Epub] CrossRef - Risk Factors for Unawareness of Obstructive Airflow Limitation among Adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Mirae Jo, Heeyoung Oh
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2018; 29(3): 290. CrossRef - Contingent association between the size of the social support network and osteoporosis among Korean elderly women
Seungwon Lee, Da Hea Seo, Kyoung Min Kim, Eun Young Lee, Hyeon Chang Kim, Chang Oh Kim, Yoosik Youm, Yumie Rhee, Dengshun Miao
PLOS ONE.2017; 12(7): e0180017. CrossRef - Associations Between Reported Dietary Sodium Intake and Osteoporosis in Korean Postmenopausal Women: The 2008-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Yunmi Kim, Hyun-Young Kim, Jung Hwan Kim
Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health.2017; 29(5): 430. CrossRef - Comparison in Adherence to Osteoporosis Guidelines according to Bone Health Status in Korean Adult
Hee-Sook Lim, Soon-Kyung Kim, Hae-Hyeog Lee, Dong Won Byun, Yoon-Hyung Park, Tae-Hee Kim
Journal of Bone Metabolism.2016; 23(3): 143. CrossRef - Influencing Factors on Osteopenia and Osteoporosis in Korean Aged 50 Years and Above
Eun Young Jeon, Sook Young Kim
The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2016; 19(2): 148. CrossRef - Incidence Rates of Osteopenia Based on the Appendicular Muscle Mass in the Elderly Korean Males
Yonghwan Kim, Haemi Jee
Exercise Science.2016; 25(3): 189. CrossRef - Association of Sarcopenia and Physical Activity with Femur Bone Mineral Density in Elderly Women
Inhwan Lee, Changduk Ha, Hyunsik Kang
Journal of Exercise Nutrition & Biochemistry.2016; 20(1): 23. CrossRef
- Evaluation of radiation dose to Korean population by general radiography
- 315 View
- 5 Download
- 29 Crossref
- Subjectivity of Nursing College Students' Awareness of Gender Equality: An Application of Q-methodology
- Eun Ja Yeun, Hye Jin Kwon, Hyun Jeong Kim
- J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(3):342-350. Published online June 29, 2012
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.3.342
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Abstract
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Purpose This study was done to identify the awareness of gender equality among nursing college students, and to provide basic data for educational solutions and desirable directions.
Methods A Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used. 34 selected Q-statements from each of 20 women nursing college students were classified into a shape of normal distribution using 9-point scale. Subjectivity on the equality among genders was analyzed by the pc-QUANL program.
Results Four types of awareness of gender equality in nursing college students were identified. The name for type I was 'pursuit of androgyny', for type II, 'difference-recognition', for type III, 'human-relationship emphasis', and for type IV, 'social-system emphasis'.
Conclusion The results of this study indicate that different approaches to educational programs on gender equality are recommended for nursing college students based on the four types of gender equality awareness.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Factors Affecting Gender Equality Consciousness of University Students : The Graduates of Social Welfare
Suk-Ja YOON, Eun-Kyung BYUN
JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION.2017; 29(1): 90. CrossRef - Types of Gender Role Identity in Nursing Students: A Q Methodological Study
Euna Park, Sung Hee Ko
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2015; 24(4): 236. CrossRef - Perceptions on gender awareness and considerations in career choices of medical students in a medical school in Taiwan
Yueh‐Chin Chung, Ching‐Yi Lin, Chien‐Ning Huang, Jen‐Hung Yang
The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences.2013; 29(11): 629. CrossRef
- Factors Affecting Gender Equality Consciousness of University Students : The Graduates of Social Welfare
- 143 View
- 1 Download
- 3 Crossref
- Development of an Osteoporosis Awareness Scale for Women
- Euysoon Choi, Juhu Kim, Miyoung Chung, Kyunghye Hwang
- J Korean Acad Nurs 2008;38(6):813-821. Published online December 31, 2008
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.6.813
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Abstract
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Purpose This study was conducted to develop an instrument measuring awareness of osteoporosis.
Methods The process included construction of a conceptual framework, generation of 86 preliminary items, verification of content validity, selection of secondary items, verification of construct validity and extraction of final items. The 86 items were reviewed for content validity by two groups of experts and were tested to evaluate inter item correlation coefficient by two groups of adult women. From June to August 2007, data were collected from 383 adult women who lived in Seoul and provinces in Korea. Data were analyzed by performing item analysis, Varimax factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha.
Results There were 31 items in the final instrument categorized into 5 factors. The factors were labeled as "preventive behaviors (10 items)", "risk factors (5 items)", "characteristics of osteoporosis (6 items)", "improving bone health (5 items)", and "bone physiology (5 items)". Cumulative percent of variance was 60.92% and eigen values ranged from 1.20 to 12.44. Cronbach's alpha was .948 and ranged from .804 to .917.
Conclusion Validity and reliability of the scale are confirmed in this study showing its utility for measuring awareness of osteoporosis for women. Utilization of the scale will also contribute to designing an appropriate prevention program for osteoporosis.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Osteoporosis Awareness and Effecting Factors: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Oğuzhan Gökalp, Çiğdem Kaya, Yılmaz Kaya
Turkish Journal of Osteoporosis.2024; 30(3): 149. CrossRef - Assessing osteoporosis awareness and knowledge levels of Turkish multiple sclerosis patients: an observational study
Mustafa Hüseyin Temel, Beril Taşdelen, Serkan Demir, Emre Ata
Archives of Osteoporosis.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - The Comparison of Osteoporosis Knowledge and Awareness Levels of Patients with Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
Sevil Karagül, Işıl Fazilet Kartaloğlu
Turkish Journal of Osteoporosis.2023; 29(2): 117. CrossRef - Development of the Osteoporosis Self-Care Scale: Based on the Middle-Range Theory of Self-Care for Chronic Illness
Young Joo Seo, Heeyoung Oh
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2022; 34(2): 137. CrossRef - The Effects of a Group Educational Intervention on the Prevention of Osteoporosis in Breast Cancer Patients
Bong Hae Ma, Chai-Soon Park, Hee Chong Baek
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2015; 26(4): 398. CrossRef - An Equation Model Development and Test based on Health Belief Model Regarding Osteoporosis Prevention Behaviors among Postmenopausal Women
Hyun-Jung Jang, Sukhee Ahn
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2015; 27(6): 624. CrossRef - A Study on the Level of Awareness and Self-Efficacy of Osteoporosis in Young Women
Euysoon Choi, Ju Young Lee
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2010; 16(2): 204. CrossRef - Study of the Level of Osteoporosis Awareness among Women Dwelling in Urban Area
Miyoung Chung, Kyunghye Hwang, Euysoon Choi
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2009; 15(4): 362. CrossRef
- Osteoporosis Awareness and Effecting Factors: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
- 248 View
- 8 Download
- 8 Crossref
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