No abstract available.

Nursing service, as the largest user of labor reso-urces, has become concerned about appropriate allocation of staffing resources. Therefore, this project was designed to measure quantitatively the direct nursing care provided to patients and to develop a new patient classification system based on the direct nursing care activities. The initial step in the development of the classification instrument was to identify the content of direct nursing activities. The frequency with which these activities were carried out, the total time spent in carrying them out and the average time for one performance of each of the nursing activities was calculated. The next step was to select the items for the cia ssification instrument taking into account these direct nursing activities. A list of 40 items was prepared. These items were then classified into 8 major categories; personal hygiene, moving & exercise, nutrition & elimination, observation, medication, treatment, collecting specimens and other care activities for severity ill patients. Each item was assigned a value unit based on the average time required by the nursing staff to complete the specific item. The third step was to determine the practicality of the items and value units, so an attempt was made to establish content validity for these items and units by obtaing a consensus from 8 head nurses, representing eight different departments. The 4th step was to conducted a pilot study to establish the score range for the classification boundaries. For this purpose an instrument was designed using the list of items and value units and a prepared classification criteria as a guideline to validate the patient classification. A judgment group consisting of 52 supervisory nurses and head nurses were asked to select the proper patient to fit each classification criteria and to fill out the instrument for each patient. The total value unit and the frequency for each classification group was calculated. According to the frequency distribution, the score range for the classification group was determined as follows: 0~15 for group I, 16~30 for group II, 31~50 for group III, and above 51 for group IV.Finally a patient classification form was developed.

This study was designed to investigate the changes of nurses' role model, perceptions toward occupation, and self-actualization value in terms of the phases of socialization process. Two hundred and sixty nine nurses working in clinical settings were randomly selected from 15 general hospitals despersed over Seoul and Kyungki province. Data were gathered by the standardized Perceptual Orientation Test, the Self-actualization Test, and Questionnaires on role models and phases of socialization process developed by the investigators from October 1985 to March 1986. The data were analysed by ANOVA and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. The results were as follows: 1. The average time period required for the shift of phases of socialization process were; phase I, role adjustment, took average 10 months of employment; phase II, interpersonal adjustment, 12 months; and Phase III, role conflict, 15 months respectively. Conflict resolution, phase IV began to take place 18 months of employment; and shifted to phase V, internalization and self-actualization at 25 months of employment. 2. Throughout 5 consecutive phases, the number of immediate superior nurse model was dominantly the highest among the role models. The number of head nurse role model increased at phase II, phase HI, and phase IV. Respondents with school model in phase I tended to transfer to work model at phase II. 3. The perceptions toward occupation were not significantly influenced by the phases of socialization process. 4. The score of self-actualization value was not significantly influenced by the phases of socialization process. 5. In regard to perceptions toward occupation, nursing director model group showed significantly lower score in phase I (p<. 01). 6. The comparison of self-actualization value between the 5 phases revealed significant difference in phase I; in particular among respondents with school model at p<. 05. To conclude: 1. The phase III of socialization process is the period of role conflict which occur at 15 months of employment, and conflict resolution, phase IV, begins at 18 months of employment on the average in clinical settings.2. The immediate superior nurse and the head nurse are lmportant role models for nurses all through their socialization process.

This study was to explore the level of self-actu-alization of the students in Korea Air and Correspondence University. The study subjects consisted of 507 students who visited the counseling center for taking advices to several psychosocial problems due to distance education through nursing counseling. The self actualization of the subjects evaluated by the self-actualization Inventory standardized by Kim and Lee in Korea. It consisted of 130 two-choice comparative value and behavior judgements. The items also consisted of two basic scales; one is inner directed scale (107 items) and the other is time competence (23 items) which included eight subscales, each of which measures a conceptually important element of self-actualization. Analysis of finding was as follows; 1) The self-actualization mean score of the total subjects was characterized by normal value within normal range of scale. The highest subscale score was NC scale; the lowest scale was EX scale. 2) The mean score of time competence scale of female student was higher than male student's time competence scale. 3) There was no significant differences in self actualization among 4groups in age. 4) There was also no significant differences in self-actualization between the group taken one time nursing counseling and the group taken two more times nursing counseling. 5) The problems of Job, learning, personality and further study, significantly had effects on the score of self-actualization level.

The purpose of this study is to identify the leadership and subordination of hospital nurses; to determine the leadership and subordination by nurses' characteristics, which are age, educational background, carter, and position of nurses. 279 staff nurses, 13 charge nurses, 32 head nurses and 16 nurse supervisors were participated in this study during the period from Dec. 5 to Dec. 20, 1986. Subjects were instructed to rate at one of five points likert type scale on the 26 items of leadership and subordination. The reliability of the items (Cronbach's a) were 0.63~0.84. Among the total 26 items, 8 items on authority, 4 items on human relation, 9 items on committment of position and 5items on committment of job were summed to cummulative scores in each category. As a result of data analysis nurses who perceive positive on authority are 68.6% and positive on human relation are 67.9%. The perception of authority is different by age, Career and position of nurses. (P<0.05). And nurses who perceive positive on committment of position are 84.7% and positive on committment of job are 62.1%. The perception of committment for position is different by age, career and position of nurses (P <0.05), and committment of job is different by age and position. (P<0.05)

ll-primigravidas who visited antenatal clinic and their husbands were taught Lamaze childbirth education by the investigator in the third trimester of pregnancy. Lamaze childbirth educational course consisted of six weekly class totaling twelve hours of instruction. A questionnaire was adminstered to subjects for the evaluation of Lamaze educational program. 21-questions were rated on a Likert-type scale containing five responses and subjects described the advantages, the disadvantage, and the difficulties of Lamaze childbirth education course. The results of the study were as follows; 1. The core contents of Larnaze childbirth educ-ational program were process of labor, anatomy and physiology of the female body, the care of newborn, maternal- infant attachment, breathing patterns to be used at the appropriate stage of labor, techniques for conscious relaxation of muscles during labor and delivery, and exercise to limber and prepare the body for the work of labor and delivery. All couples understood the above core contents very well and there were not significant differences between the understanding scores of wives and those of husbands (p>0,05). 2, 81,8% of couples practiced breathing pattern to be used at the appropriate stages of labor one or three times a day and 72.7% of couples practiced conscious relaxation of muscles one or three times a day. 3. The contents of Lamaze childbirth educational program were easy for the couples to understand, and the total length, the amounts and the structures of 6-classes were appropriate. 4. Lamaze childbirth educational program was very useful, necessary, interesting, and successful to achieve the couples' objectives. 5. The couples expressed that they had positive attitude and high self-esteem, and reduced their - anxiety on the pregnancy and labor.

This study is attempt to submit a basic material to help the efficient nursing management which supports and to understand the alienation which they percieve social-psychologically and physical aging bringing about the physical powerlessness, to understand the old people in hospitals and in community and should build up their health. The data collection of the study which has been done on Sept. 7 to Sept. 20, 1986 is objected to 300people of 65 years old of age or more of male and female who are staying at home. Analysis of the Data was done by use of percentage, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation Coefficients. The results of study are summerized as follows; 1. According to each age group of old people(p=.0008), family living together concreteness (p=.0000), the level of education (p=.0020), how much they are participating in leisure activity (p= .0001), whether they have mate or not (p=.0000), whether they have religion or not (p=. 0000), the level of alienation showed difference statistically. Also, according to sex (p=. 4315), whether they have income or not (p=. 1197), the level of alienation did not show any difference statistically. 2. According to each age group of old people (p=. 0000), family living together concreteness (p= . 0060), the level of education(p=.0000), sex (p=. 0000), whether they have mate or not (p= .0000), whether they have religion or not (p= . 0067), whether they have income or not (p=. 0000), the level of physical aging showed difference statis tically. Also, according to how much they are participating in leisure activity, the level of physical aging did not show any difference statistically (p= . 4879). 3. The level of alienation and physical aging in old people had positive correlation (r=. 5436, p<. 001). From the above result, the level of social, psychological alienation and physical aging showed high for the old who had no mate, no religion, low in their educational level, living separately with the family and for those who do not participate much in the leisure activities. The old people who feel the social, psychological alienation can expedite the physical aging and physical aging can be result from social phychological loneliness and alienation. Therefore, for the successful aging of the old people in the community with these weak points, we should provide them with physical and emotional, psychological support and care in the basis of understanding in socialization process and the character of the physical functional change.

Study was to identify the structural and functional characteristics of social support system to better provide social support to physically handicapped children. The research design was a comparative descriptive study and the data were obtained by use of interview and questionnaire. The result of this were as follows; 1. The physically handicapped children perceived that they had a fewer number of social support providers than the non-handicapped children. (t= -4.62, p<.001) 2. The physically handicapped children perceived a lower level of social support than the non-handicapped children. (t=-3.93, p<. 001) In the cases of 3 types of social support (social integration, attachment/intimacy, assistance/guidance), the handicapped children perceived a lower level of social support. 3. It was found that physically handicapped chilren and nonhandicapped children perceived degree of socical support differently (x(2)=72,08, p<.001). and; also the two groups perceived in all types of social support differently. 4. The results of this study showed that parents, school mates, school teachers, brothers and sisters were significant providers of social support and between the two groups the supportive source ranked consistently. (rs=. 83, p<.01) 5. The relationship between sociability and the support level was a positive correlation (r=.28, p<. 01), the relationship between sociability and the size of the support network showed a positive correlation. (r=.47, p<.01) And with the increase in the number of friends the number of support providers increased. (F= 4.46, p<.05).