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No abstract available.

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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among variables of transtheoretical model for exercise in the elderly. METHOD: A hypothetical model explaining the stage of change was constructed based on a transtheoretical model. Empirical data for testing the hypothetical model was collected from 246 old adults over 65 years old in a community settings in Seoul, Korea in June and July, 2000. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and correlational analysis using pc-SAS program. The Linear Structural Modeling(LISREL) 8.0 program was used to find the best fit model which explain causal relationship of variables. RESULT: The fitness of modified model to the data was X2= 96.75(df=49, p=.00005), GFI= .98, NFI=.99, AGFI=.95, NNFI=.99. The the predictable variables of stage of change explained 64% of stage of change for exercise. CONCLUSION: Results are consistent with the studies of application of the transtheoretical model, which has been used to understand how people change health behaviors. The findings of this study give useful informations to construct exercise intervention program for the elderly about relationships among variables influencing to the stage of change of exercise.

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• Effect of Exercise Stage-Matched Intervention for Elderly Women with Chronic Back Pain in the Contemplation and Preparation Stage
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  Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2012; 23(3): 316.     CrossRef

PURPOSE: The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify the nursing needs of patients with chronic illness. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 636 patients with chronic illness, 323 general nurses, and 106 public health nurses. The instruments used for this study were questionnaires including perceived functions of nursing from the center for chronic illness, preference to placement, intention to use, needs to receive services from the center for chronic illness, strategies management for nursing, and nursing needs of chronically ill patients. RESULTS: The mean of perceived functions for nursing from the center were 3.1(0.5) in public health nurses, 2.9 (0.59) in general nurses, and 2.4(1.33) in chronically ill patients. Regards of needs to receive on services of the nursing centers were, the regularly physical examination, for health educational services which was perceived highest request amongst chronically ill patients. We found the means of each specific need as 2.2(0.6), for physical health, 2.1(0.7), for psychosocial health, and 1.8(0.6) for spiritual health. CONCLUSION: From the results of this study, it is suggested that establishing a nursing center for chronically ill patients consider physical, psychosocial, for spiritual health needs of chronically ill patients. It is also a consideration that direct care for symptom management and health education in the nursing center be implemented.

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  Hoill Jung, Kyung-Yong Chung, Young-Ho Lee
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• Preferences for Care near the End of Life according to Chronic Patients' Characteristics
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PURPOSE: This study was designed to construct a structural model for health promoting behavior of patients with chronic disease. The hypothetical model was developed based on the literature review and Pender's health promotion model.
METHOD
Data was collected by questionnaires from 1748 patients with chronic disease in General Hospital from December 1999 to July 2000 in Seoul. The disease of subject were cardiac disease included hypertension peptic ulcer, pulmonary disease included COPD and asthma, DM, and chronic kidney disease. Data analysis was done with SAS 6.12 for descriptive statistics and PC-LISREL 8.13 Program for Covariance structural analysis.
RESULTS
1. The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate, it was modified by excluding 4 path and including free parameters to it. The modified model with path showed a good fitness to the empirical data (x2=591.83, p<.0001, GFI=0.97, AGFI= 0.94, NNFI=0.95, RMSR=0.01, RMSEA=0.05). 2. The perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and the plan for action were found to have significant direct effect on health promoting behavior of chronic disease. 3. The health concept, health perception, emotional state, social support were found to have indirect effects on health promoting behavior of chronic disease.
CONCLUSION
The derived model in this study is considered appropriate in explaining and predicting health promoting behavior of patients with chronic disease. Therefore, it can effectively be used as a reference model for further studies and suggested implication in nursing practice.

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• Factors affecting the health promoting behaviors of office male workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Using Pender’s health promotion model
  Jeong Hyo Seo, Hee Kyung Kim
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2021; 27(4): 412.     CrossRef
• The intervention effects of the Clean Diet program on the health promotion attitudes and the physiological indices of an elderly
  So-Hong Shin, Hyun-Sil Kim
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(6): 495.     CrossRef
• Implementation of U-Healthcare System for Chronic Disease Management
  Geun-Teak Ryu, Hun Choi
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• Factors Influencing Health-Promoting Behaviors in People Living with HIV
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  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2014; 26(2): 234.     CrossRef
• A Predictive Model on Health Promotion Behavior in Women who Immigrate for Marriage
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  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(5): 695.     CrossRef
• A Predictive Model of Health Promotion Behavior in Obese School-Age Children
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• Testing and Developing the Health Promotion Model in Low-Income, Korean Elderly Women
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  Nursing Science Quarterly.2008; 21(2): 173.     CrossRef
• Exercise self-efficacy, exercise benefits and barriers, and commitment to a plan for exercise among Korean women with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis
  Yun Hee Shin, Hea Kung Hur, Nola J. Pender, Hee Jung Jang, Moon-Sil Kim
  International Journal of Nursing Studies.2006; 43(1): 3.     CrossRef
• Test of the health promotion model as a causal model of commitment to a plan for exercise among Korean adults with chronic disease
  YunHee Shin, SangKyun Yun, Nola J. Pender, HeeJung Jang
  Research in Nursing & Health.2005; 28(2): 117.     CrossRef

This cross-sectional survey was carried out to assess the decisional balance of Korean women toward mammography screening. A sample of 1, 903 naturally postmenopausal women was selected from the community-based social groups in town or city hall auxiliaries in seven metropolitan areas and six provinces in Korea. The classification of women according to the stage of adoption of mammography was 54.9% in pre-contemplation, 31.9% in contemplation, 7.8% in action, and 5.5% in maintenance. The mean differences of pros, cons, and the decisional balance by the stage of mammography adoption were statistically significant. There were significant mean differences between the stages of adoption according to a woman's experience with and intention for mammography and the pros score, the cons score, and the decisional balance score. Results provide the empirical evidence for the Transtheoretical model. An association between stages of mammography adoption and decisional balance exists.

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  Seok Won Jin, Yeonggeul Lee, David A. Dia
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The incidence of reported acute pain is still high which indicates a lack of knowledge in clinical pain assessment and management. This study was carried out to investigate strategies of post-operative pain assessment in terms of patterns of criteria adopted and how these are influenced by prior experience. The research approach, phenomenography, was adopted in data analysis. The subjects of this study consisted of 10 nurses from post-operative care units from a University Hospital in Seoul, Korea. Findings revealed that the nurses mostly relied on "how it usually is" and "how the patient looks" as strategies of post operative pain assessment and "I have learned the typology of patients" as a frame of reference of post operative assessment.

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• An ethnography of pain assessment and the role of social context on two postoperative units
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PURPOSE: This study aims at confirming exercise effects on obesity, mobility, self-efficacy, process of change, and decisional component by stage based exercise motivational intervention program for the elderly. The stage based exercise intervention program was constructed based on Transtheoretical Model.
METHODS
The design of this study is nonequivalent control group with repeated measuring by quasi-experimental study. The subjects of this study, composing of experimental group of 32 and control group of 28 were selected at one institution for the aged in Seoul.
RESULTS
1) The body fat (weight, BMI and circumference of waist), of the intervention group was significantly decreased than the control group. 2) The mobility of the intervention group was not significantly increased than control group. 3) The self-efficacy, Pros, Process of Change for exercise of the intervention group was not significantly increased than the control group. 4) The Cons for exercise of intervention group was not significantly decreased than the control group.
CONCLUSION
The above result have informed us that a stage-based exercise motivational intervention program for the elderly has the effect of decreasing old persons' body fat and has value as an effective means of nursing for the elderly.

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PURPOSE: This study was designed to construct a structural model for health promoting behavior in patients with chronic respiratory disease. A hypothetical model was developed based on the literature review. METHOD: Data was collected by questionnaires from 235 patients with chronic respiratory disease in a General Hospital in Seoul. Data analysis was done using SAS 6.12 for descriptive statistics and the PC-LISREL 8.13 Program for Covariance Structural Analysis. RESULT: The results are as follows : 1. The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate. It was modified by excluding 2 path and including free parameters and 3 path to it. The modified model with path showed a good fitness to the empirical data(X2=80.20, P=0.05, GFI=0.95, AGFI=0.88, NNFI=0.95, NFI=0.96, RMSR=0.01, RMSEA =0.06). 2. The perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and a plan of action were found to have significant direct effects on the health promoting behavior in patients with chronic respiratory disease. 3. The health perception, self-esteem, and activity related to affect were found to have indirect effects on the health promoting behavior in patients with chronic respiratory disease. CONCLUSION: The modified model of this study is considered appropriate in explaining and predicting health promoting behavior in patients with chronic respiratory disease. Therefore, it can effectively be used as a reference model for further studies and suggested direction in nursing practice.

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• A Predictive Model of Health Promotion Behavior in Obese School-Age Children
  Mi Suk Jeon, Hyeon-Ok Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(2): 264.     CrossRef
• Exercise self-efficacy, exercise benefits and barriers, and commitment to a plan for exercise among Korean women with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis
  Yun Hee Shin, Hea Kung Hur, Nola J. Pender, Hee Jung Jang, Moon-Sil Kim
  International Journal of Nursing Studies.2006; 43(1): 3.     CrossRef
• Test of the health promotion model as a causal model of commitment to a plan for exercise among Korean adults with chronic disease
  YunHee Shin, SangKyun Yun, Nola J. Pender, HeeJung Jang
  Research in Nursing & Health.2005; 28(2): 117.     CrossRef
• Using methodological triangulation for cultural verification of commitment to a plan for exercise scale among Korean adults with chronic diseases
  YunHee Shin, Nola J. Pender, SangKyun Yun
  Research in Nursing & Health.2003; 26(4): 312.     CrossRef

This study was designed to construct a structural model for quality of life of chronic gastric disease. The hypothetical model was developed based on the literature review and Pender's health promotion model. Data were collected by questionnaires from 459 patients with chronic gastric disease in a General Hospital from July 1999 to August 2000 in Seoul. Data analysis was done with SAS 6.12 for descriptive statistics and PC-LISREL 8.13 Program for Covariance structural analysis. The results are as follows : 1. The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate, thus it was modified by excluding 1 path and including free parameters and 2 path to it. The modified model with path showed a good fitness to the empirical data (Chi2=934.87, p<.0001, GFI=0.88, AGFI=0.83, NNFI=0.86, RMSR =0.02, RMSEA=0.07). 2. The perceived barrier, health promoting behavior, self-efficacy, and self-esteem were found to have significant direct effects on the quality of life. 3. The health concept, health perception, emotional state, and social support were found to have indirect effects on quality of life of chronic gastric disease. In conclusion, the derived model in this study is considered appropriate in explaining and predicting quality of life of chronic gastric disease. Therefore it can effectively be used as a reference model for further studies and suggested direction in nursing practice.

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• Exercise self-efficacy, exercise benefits and barriers, and commitment to a plan for exercise among Korean women with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis
  Yun Hee Shin, Hea Kung Hur, Nola J. Pender, Hee Jung Jang, Moon-Sil Kim
  International Journal of Nursing Studies.2006; 43(1): 3.     CrossRef
• Structural Model for Quality of Life of Patients With Chronic Cardiovascular Disease in Korea
  Kuem Sun Han, Sook Ja Lee, Eun Sook Park, Young-Joo Park, Kang Hyun Cheol
  Nursing Research.2005; 54(2): 85???96.     CrossRef
• Test of the health promotion model as a causal model of commitment to a plan for exercise among Korean adults with chronic disease
  YunHee Shin, SangKyun Yun, Nola J. Pender, HeeJung Jang
  Research in Nursing & Health.2005; 28(2): 117.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Quality of Life in People with Chronic Illness in Korea
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• Using methodological triangulation for cultural verification of commitment to a plan for exercise scale among Korean adults with chronic diseases
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This study was carried out to assess the perception of decisional balance of Korean subjects about 4 health behaviors and to identify the influencing factor of decisional balance for exercise acquisition, smoking cessation, mammography screening and Kegel's exercise acquisition. All are representative health behaviors nurses can intervene in Korea based on the Transtheoretical model. Convenient samples of 2,484 subjects (191; exercise, 169; smoking cessation, 1903; mammography screening and 221; Kegel's exercise) were selected from cities and counties over 9 provinces throughout Korea, and the data was collected from January 1, 1999 to February 29, 2000. The research instrument were the Decisional Balance Measure for Exercise (Marcus & Owen., 1992), Smoking Cessation (Velicer et al., 1985), Mammography Screening (Rakowski et al.,1992) and Kegel Exercise (Lim, 1999) and Stage of Change Measure for Exercise (Marcus et al, 1992), Smoking Cessation (DiClemente et al., 1991), Mammography Screening (Rakowski et al.,1992) and Kegel's Exercise (Lim, 1999). The data was analyzed by the SAS Program. The results are as follows; 1. According to the stage of change measure, 2,484 subjects were distributed in each stage of change for four health behaviors: 1,233 subjects (49.8%), 745 subjects (30.2%), 113 subjects (4.7%), 156 subjects (6.5%), and 216 (8.7%) belonged to the pre- contemplation stage, contemplation stage, preparation stage, action stage and maintenance stage. They were all series of stages of change in their efforts to do health behavior. 2. Factor analysis identified 3 factors (1 of Pros, 2 of Cons) for the exercise, 4 factors for smoking cessation (2 of Pros, 2 of Cons), 2 factors (1 of Pros, 1 of Cons) for the mammogram screening and 2 factors (1 of Pros, 1 of Cons) for Kegel's exercise of decisional balance. 3. The analysis of variance and multiple comparison analysis showed that for all 4 samples, the Cons of changing the problem behaviors outweighed the Pros for subjects who were in the pre- contemplation stage, The opposite was true for subjects in action and maintenance stage. 4. Through the discriminant analysis, it was found that one factor of Pros for exercise, one factor of Cons for smoking cessation, 1 factor of Cons for mammogram screening and one factor of Cons for Kegel's exercise were the more influencing factors, than others in discriminating the stages of change.
Results
are consistent with the applications of the Transtheoretical model, which have been used to understand how people change health behaviors. This results provide some evidence that subject's report of his/her health behavior corresponds to beliefs about usefulness of related health behaviors. The results of this study have implications for patients' health education and health intervention strategies. The findings of this study give useful information for nursing educators for 4 health behaviors, especially the factors relating to decision making in the different stages of change.

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  Young-Ju Jee, Haejung Lee, Yeonjung Lim
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This Meta-Analysis of 18 studies was conducted to determine the magnitude of th relationship between health promotion behavior and each of explanatory variables. The studies were measured using Health Promoting Life Style(HPLP) developed by Walker and others based on Pender's definiton of health promoting behavior. The sample was collected by searching for The Journal of Korean Academy Nursing Society, The Journal of Korean Women's Health Nursing Academic Society,The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Adult Nursing, Journal of Korean Community Nursing, The Journal of Fundamentals of Nursing, The Journal of Korean Nursing Administration Academic Society, The Korean Journal of Child Health Nursing, The Journal of Korean Psychiatric Academic Society, the dissertations for mater degree or doctoral dissertations for the period from 1980 to 1998. The explanatory variables measured more than 2 times in studies were self-efficacy, perceived health status, self-esteem, internal, powerful- others and chance dimensions of health locus of control, perceived benefits, hardiness, wellbeing and clinical demensions of health concepts, and quality of life(life satisfaction). Effect sizes were calculated by unweighted mean r, weighted mean r by sample size and weighted mean r by quality index score after homogeneity test. The mean r effect size indicator range of each predictor variable were as follows; quality of life (0.50- 0.52), self-efficacy(0.46-0.47), hardiness (0.42-0.44), self-esteem(0.41-0.43), health locus of control- internal(0.32-0.34), health locus of control- powerful others (0.25-0.31), perceived health status(0.18-0.19) and clinical dimensions of health concepts (0.16-0.17).

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• An Efficacy of Social Cognitive Theory to Predict Health Behavior A Meta-Analysis on the Health Belief Model Studies in Korea
  Byoungkwan Lee, 김채린, 윤문영, 김민희, 손영곤, 이상록
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• Factors Influencing Health-Promoting Behaviors in People Living with HIV
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• Pathway Analysis on the Influence of Health Promoting Behavior(HPB) and Depression Cognitive Scale(DCS) on Smoking Cessation Thoughts and Intention to Quit Smoking of College Students who Smoke
  Hee-Jeong Kim, Se-Jin Ju, Gyeong-Suk Kim, Mi-Ok Kim, Yu Mi, Jeong-Hyeon Choi
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2013; 14(4): 1830.     CrossRef
• Factors influencing health-promoting behaviors in Korean breast cancer survivors
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This study was attempted to explore meaning in life and it's relationship to problematic life events, health status and depression among older people. 198samples of elderly were over the age 60 (mean age=70.06) conveniently selected in Seoul, Korea. The data were collected through questionaires by interview with subjects from April, 1, 1999 to May 30, 1999. The research instuments were the main framework in the experiment. They involved meaning fulfillment and problematic life events which were developed by Burbank (1988) and short form geriatric depression scale(Sheikh & Yesavage, 1986). The data were analysed by SAS Program. The results are followed; 1. 172 lists were given out and had objects that would bring meaning to one's life. They were categrized as wishing for offsprings' prosperity, their relation with their grand-children, marriage of their offspring, health of family members, strong family ties, caring for the family, relation with husband, health for self, religious activity, helping others, individual hobbies, needs for growth such as writing, In the end, 50% of total list dealt with in the relationship with their family members. 2. The mean fulfillment of the subjects was 38.31(SD=13.58) with a range of 12-60. The degree fulfillment varied according to the subjects' characteristics such as age group(F=4.44, 0P=.0008), education status (F=6.44, P=.0001), economic status (F=10.27, P=.0001), marrital status (F=9.12, P=.0002) and religious background (F=3.68, P=.006). 3. According to the pearson correlation, analysis significant variables were found between meaning fulfillment and health(r=.47,P=.0001), depression and the number of problematic life events for a life time (r=.147, P=.04), the stress score of problamatic life events for the past one year and the stress score of problematic life events for a life time was r=.43, P=.002, meaning fulfillment and the stress score of problamatic life events r=-.26, P=.04, depression and meaning fulfillment r=-.70, P=.0001 and depression and health r=-.521, P=.0001. 4. According to multiful regression analysis, depression was found as a most predictable variable for health(F=12.51, P=.001).

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Purpose: This study was performed to identify the factors that change exercise behave. This study will also classify and identify the characteristics of excercise stages to which the elderly belong Also, to identify the processes of change which influence on the changes in exercise performed by the elderly.
Methods
Convenient samples of 198 subjects over the age 60 in Seoul Korea(mean age=70) were selected from elderly communities and were all mentally conpetant older adults. The data were collected from April 1,1999 to May 30, 1999. The research instruments were measured the change in exercise (Marcus et al., 1992b), such as Stage of Change measure(Marcus et al,1992a). The data were analyzed by SAS Program.
Results
1. According to the measure of change without missing data, 191 subjects were distributed each stage of change for exercise: 50 subjects (26.1%), 7 subjects (3.6%), 52 subjects (27.2%), 4 subjects (2%), and 78 (40.8%) belonged to the precontemplation stage, the contemplation stage, the preparation stage, the action stage and the maintenace stage. 2. According to the factor analysis, 6 factors of change were identified as appropriate processes of change and were named by the researchers. The names were; 'Supportive helping relationship', 'Self cognitive determination', 'Environmental reinforcement', Consciousness raising', Reinforcement of negative condition and 'Conversion of negative condition'. 3. According to the stage of change, there were significant mean differences in the 'Supportive helping relationship(F=22.04, p=.0001)', 'Self cognitive determination (F=50.87, p=.0001)', 'Reinforcement of negative condition(F=7.84,p=.0006)'. 4. Through the discriminant analysis, it was found that Self cognitive determination is the most influential variable as one of the processes of change which can discrimiate the three stages of change (precontemplation, preparation, and maintenance). Also the next significant variable was Reinforcement of negative condition.
Conclusion
The process of the dey change is one of concepts of The transtheoretical model known as strategies and the techniques people use as they go through the different stages of change. Even though this study is cross- sectional not longitudinal study, the finding of this study gives useful information for exercise intervention, by using this strategy of exercise for elderly in different stages of change in exercise.

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• Influence of exercise self efficacy and perceived health status according to the stage of change for exercise behaviors in older adults
  Woo-Cheol Kim
  Journal of Digital Convergence.2015; 13(11): 549.     CrossRef

The purpose of this study was to identify causal relationships among variables of transtheoretical model for exercise in the elderly. A predictivel model explaining the stage of change was constructed based on a transtheoretical model. Empirical data for testing the hypothetical model was collected from 198 old adults over 60 years old in a community setting in Seoul, Korea in April and May,1999. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and correlational analysis using pc-SAS program. The Linear Structural Modeling (LISREL) 8.0 program was used to find the best fit model which predicts causal relationship of variables. The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was X2=132.85. (df=22, p=.000). GFI=.88, NNFI=.35, NFI=.77, AGFI=.59 which was not favorable but the fit of modified model to the data was X2=46.90. (df=27, p=.01).GFI= .95, NNFI=.91, NFI=.92, AGFI=.87) which was more than moderate. The predictable variables of stage of change for exercise of the Korean elderly were helping relationship, self cognitive determination, conversion of negative condition in process of change and efficacy for exercise . These variables explained 68% of stage of change for exercise of the Korean elderly.

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This study was designed to construct a model that predicts the health promoting behavior of the Korean elderly. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from 254 Korean elderly in seoul, from June 1 to July 15, 1998. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and correlational analysis using pc-SAS program. The Linear Structural Modeling(LISREL) 8.0 program was used to find the best fit model which predicts causal relationships of variables. The overall fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate[X2=249.83(df=83, p=.00), RMR=.07, GFI=.90, NNFI=.92, NFI=.91]. The predictable variables of health promoting behavior of the Korean elderly were social activity, social support, self-integrity and helplessness except the perceived health status. These variables explained 17.1% of health promoting behavior of the Korean elderly.

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  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(2): 332.     CrossRef

This second study on the effectiveness of nursing organization was designed to test the relationships between effectiveness of nursing organizations and structural variables that had been significant variables in the first study, the group design variable and the personal characteristic variables that had not been analysed in the first study based on personal resource productivity model. The data were collected through self-reported questionnaires completed by 605 nurses working in hospitals in seoul and 782 patients being hospitalized in 5 tertiary hospitals in Seoul. The results showed that according to the canonical correlation analysis, the managing job design, nursing delivery system. nurse's age career, and formalization were revealed as predicting variables of a nurses' job satisfaction and patients satisfaction among the five hospitals. Hospitals in which the team nursing method was used showed a higher score in nurses' job satisfaction and patient satisfaction than in hospitals which used the functional nursing model.

The objective of this study was to develop a scale to measure stress in infertile couples and to test its reliability and validity. Prior to item generation, a basic decision was made to conceptualize stress in infertile couples as including two dimensions and four subdimensions. The dimensions were, intrapersonal stress including cognitive and affective stress, and interpersonal stress including marital and social stress. Initially 95 items were generated from the interview data of 31 primary or secondary infertile women and from a literature review. These items were analyzed through the Index of Content Validity(CVI) and 69 items were selected which met 70% or more of the CVI. This preliminary Infertility Stress Scale were analyzed for reliability and construct validity. Item analysis and factor analysis were applied for construct validity. Forty items were selected through item analysis. This procedure was based on the inter-item correlation matrix, a corrected average inter-item correlation coefficient (.30~.70), a corrected item to total correlation coefficient(.03 or more) and information about the alpha estimate if this item was dropped from the scale. The result of the initial factor analysis including varimax rotation produced eight factors. Five items deleted because of factor complexity (indiscriminate facter loadings). The secondary factor analysis including varimax rotation produced seven factors that coincided with the conceptual framework posed for the scale developed. The seven factors were labeled as 'meaning of children', 'worthiness', 'tenacious thinking', 'marital satisfaction', 'sexual satisfaction', 'familial adjustment' and 'social adjustment'. The alpha coefficient relating to internal consistency was .93 for reliability. The results of this study suggest that the measurement derived from the Infertility Stress Scale is useful in assessing the stress of infertile couples.

Citations

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• Group tele-art therapy intervention in women undergoing in vitro fertilization: A randomized control study
  Hye Rok Oh, Yeo Ju Chung, Hyun Jung Do
  The Arts in Psychotherapy.2024; 91: 102227.     CrossRef
• Review and Future Perspectives of the Korea Counseling Center for Fertility and Depression (KCCFD) Counseling Service Based on User Characteristics: Focusing on Infertility
  Jangrae Kim, Kyungjin Chu, ·Seung Jae Lee, Taek Hoo Lee, Seung Joo Chon, Seo-Eun Cho, Chul Min Tae, Ki Hyun Chung, Anna Choi
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Child Health.2020; 24(4): 181.     CrossRef
• Effects of Guided imagery on Stress and Anxiety of Women Receiving in Vitro Fertilization
  Choon Hee Bae, Soon Bok Chang, Sue Kim, Inn Soo Kang
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2011; 17(2): 178.     CrossRef