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Kye Ha Kim 5 Articles
Effects of Aroma Massage on Pruritus, Skin pH, Skin Hydration and Sleep in Elders in Long-term Care Hospitals
So Young Roh, Kye Ha Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(6):726-735.   Published online December 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.6.726
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aroma massage on pruritus, skin pH, skin hydration and sleep in elders in long-term care hospitals.

Methods

The participants were elders over 65 years old admitted to long-term care. They were assigned to the experimental group (26) or control group (28). Data were collected from May to August, 2012. Visual Analogue Scale and Verran and Snyder-Halpern Sleep scale were used to identify levels of pruritus and sleep. A skin-pH meter and moisture checker were used to measure skin pH and skin hydration. Aroma massage was performed three times a week for 4 weeks for elders in the experimental group. The data were analyzed using the SPSS Win 17.0 program.

Results

There were significant differences in pruritus, skin pH and skin hydration between the two groups. However there was no significant difference in sleep.

Conclusion

The results indicate that aroma massage is effective in reducing pruritus, skin pH and increasing skin hydration in elders. Therefore, this intervention can be utilized in clinical practice as an effective nursing intervention to reduce pruritus in elders in long-term care hospitals.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Does aromatherapy massage relieve itching?: A randomised controlled trial
    Amine Terzi, Yasemin Yıldırım, Fisun Şenuzun Aykar, Ulus Salih Akarca
    Journal of Tissue Viability.2025; 34(1): 100831.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Auricular Acupressure on Pruritus, Skin Dryness, and Depression in Hemodialysis Patients
    Eunyoung Choi, Kyungsook Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2024; 31(1): 69.     CrossRef
  • Efecto de aromaterapia con lavanda (Lavandula angustifolia) sobre la tensión arterial de adultas mayores hipertensas
    Magdalena Sánchez-Urbina, Raymundo Velasco-Rodríguez, Maria Gicela Pérez-Hernández, Ángel Gabriel Hilerio-López, José Antonio Vázquez-Espinoza
    Revista CuidArte.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effects of Aroma Foot Massage on Sleep Quality and Constipation Relief among the Older Adults Living in Residential Nursing Facilities
    Jung-In Kang, Eun-Hye Lee, Hyeon-Young Kim
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(9): 5567.     CrossRef
  • Skin dryness in the Elderly Staying in a Nursing Homes and Affecting Factors
    Dilek EFE ARSLAN, Gökçen AYDIN AKBUGA, Nazan KILIÇ AKÇA
    Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi.2022; 5(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Non-Pharmacological Interventions to Improve the Sleep of Korean Elderly: A Systematic Review
    Yunhee Park, Hyun Jung Yun
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2022; 29(1): 67.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Aromatherapy on Elderly Persons With Dry Skin
    Songül Karadağ, Nazan Kılıç Akça, Gülsüm Nihal Çürük, Ali Kaplan
    Holistic Nursing Practice.2021; 35(1): 34.     CrossRef
  • Clinical features and risk factors of pruritus in patients with chronic renal failure
    Tinghai Hu, Bo Wang, Xiaohui Liao, Shuxiang Wang
    Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Variability of skin pH after the use of different collagen gels
    Agnieszka Ciszek
    Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology.2017; 16(4): 531.     CrossRef
  • Identifying nursing interventions associated with the accuracy used nursing diagnoses for patients with liver cirrhosis
    Fernanda Raphael Escobar Gimenes, Ana Paula Gobbo Motta, Patrícia Costa dos Santos da Silva, Ana Flora Fogaça Gobbo, Elisabeth Atila, Emilia Campos de Carvalho
    Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Pruritus in Burn Survivors
    Kyung Ja Kim, Mi Hwa Won
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(1): 45.     CrossRef
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  • 11 Crossref
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Effects of Frozen Gauze with Normal Saline and Ice on Thirst and Oral Condition of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Patients: Pilot Study
Eun A Cho, Kye Ha Kim, Jun Yeong Park
J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(5):714-723.   Published online October 31, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.5.714
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of using gauze frozen with normal saline or ice on thirst-relief and oral condition of laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients.

Methods

A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group, pretest-posttest design was used. Participants (n=53) received either gauze frozen with normal saline (n=17), ice (n=18) or wet gauze (n=18) for thirst-relief. The subjective thirst level and oral condition of the participants were assessed before the intervention, 15 min after the first intervention and 15 min after the second intervention.

Results

After oral care was provided twice, there were significant differences in thirst level among the groups. When oral care was provided twice, the oral condition of tongue, saliva, mucosal membrane, and gingiva was improved in patients receiving gauze frozen with normal saline or ice.

Conclusion

Gauze frozen with normal saline and ice can be effective for oral care in reducing the thirst level and improving the condition of the oral cavity.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effect of frozen saline and menthol gum on thirst level after abdominal surgery: A mixed‐methods study
    Bahar Aslan, Meral Özkan
    Nursing in Critical Care.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Oral Water and Ice Popsicle Exposure on the Management of Thirst in the Immediate Postoperative Period
    Esra Eren, Seher Deniz Oztekin
    Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Menthol Ice on Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Patients' Thirst, Dry Mouth, Mouth Taste, and Bad Mouth Odor: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    Sabiha Mert, İlknur Çalışkan, Senem Koruk
    Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing.2024; 39(5): 867.     CrossRef
  • Thirst Interventions in Adult Acute Care—What Are the Recommended Management Options and How Effective Are They?
    Jenny Clark, Sally K. Archer
    Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing.2022; 41(2): 91.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Spray Use on Mouth Dryness and Thirst of Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Study
    Muharrem Oztas, Bediye Oztas
    Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing.2022; 37(2): 214.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a spray-based oropharyngeal moisturising programme for patients following endotracheal extubation after cardiac surgery: A randomised, controlled three-arm trial
    Rong Lin, Huiying Chen, Lili Chen, Xiuxia Lin, Jinyi He, Hong Li
    International Journal of Nursing Studies.2022; 130: 104214.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of the effects of two oral cares on thirst and oral status following nasal surgery: Oral swab versus non-swab using cold water gauze
    Anna Gu, Mi Yu, Youngjin Kim, Suyeon Park, Kyunghee Baek, Taehee Kim
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2022; 28(3): 317.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the protocol for thirst management using ice popsicles in the immediate postoperative period: A pilot study in southern Brazilian hospital
    DENISE M. TEREZA, GABRIELA M. BALDASSO, RODRIGO S. PAES, MARIA E.J. PACHECO, PATRÍCIA P.S. ROSA, BEATRIZ VENDRAMINE, SERGIO C. HULSE, RAFFAELE CAPASSO, RAFAEL C. DUTRA
    Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Advances in the Management of Perioperative Patients' Thirst
    Leonel Alves do Nascimento, Aline Korki Arrabal Garcia, Marilia Ferrari Conchon, Patrícia Aroni, Isadora Pierotti, Pamela Rafaela Martins, Thammy Gonçalves Nakaya, Lígia Fahl Fonseca
    AORN Journal.2020; 111(2): 165.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Saline Gargling on Dry Mouth and Sore Throat in Patients with Thyroidectomy
    Do Hui Kim, Jeong Sook Park
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2020; 20(4): 160.     CrossRef
  • The use of mentholated popsicle to reduce thirst during preoperative fasting: A randomised controlled trial
    Patricia Aroni, Ligia F. Fonseca, Marcia A. Ciol, Amanda S. Margatho, Cristina M. Galvão
    Journal of Clinical Nursing.2020; 29(5-6): 840.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of a Safety Protocol for the Management of Thirst in the Postoperative Period
    Natiely Haila Motta, Leonel Alves do Nascimento, Isadora Pierotti, Marília Ferrari Conchon, Lígia Fahl Fonseca
    Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing.2020; 35(2): 193.     CrossRef
  • Package of menthol measures for thirst relief: a randomized clinical study
    Viviane Moreira Serato, Lígia Fahl Fonseca, Marcela Maria Birolim, Edilaine Giovanini Rossetto, Lílian Denise Mai, Aline Korki Arrabal Garcia
    Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem.2019; 72(3): 600.     CrossRef
  • Inter-rater Reliability Testing of the Safety Protocol for Thirst Management
    Leonel A. do Nascimento, Ligia F. Fonseca, Claudia B. dos Santos
    Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing.2018; 33(4): 527.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy of an Ice Popsicle on Thirst Management in the Immediate Postoperative Period: A Randomized Clinical Trial
    Marilia Ferrari Conchon, Ligia Fahl Fonseca
    Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing.2018; 33(2): 153.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Aroma Gargling, Cold Water Gargling, and Wet Gauze Application on Thirst, Halitosis, and Sore Throat of Patients After Spine Surgery
    Kyung Eun Oh, Ae Ran Song, Sohyune R. Sok
    Holistic Nursing Practice.2017; 31(4): 253.     CrossRef
  • Estratégias para o alívio da sede: revisão integrativa da literatura
    Aline Korki Arrabal Garcia, Lígia Fahl Fonseca, Patricia Aroni, Cristina Maria Galvão
    Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem.2016; 69(6): 1215.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Frozen Gauze with Normal Saline on Thirst and Oral Health of the Patients with Nasal Surgery
    Jin Ock Park, Young Soon Jung, Geum Ja Park
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2016; 22(1): 25.     CrossRef
  • Perioperative thirst: an analysis from the perspective of the Symptom Management Theory
    Marilia Ferrari Conchon, Leonel Alves do Nascimento, Lígia Fahl Fonseca, Patrícia Aroni
    Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP.2015; 49(1): 122.     CrossRef
  • A Comparison of Effect between Wet Gauze with Cold Normal Saline and Wet Gauze with Cold Water on Postoperative Thirst, Oral Cavity Condition, and Saliva pH*
    Yang Hee Moon, Yeon Hee Lee, Ihn Sook Jeong
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2015; 22(4): 398.     CrossRef
  • Development of a Safety protocol for Management Thirst in the Immediate Postoperative Period
    Leonel Alves do Nascimento, Lígia Fahl Fonseca, Edilaine Giovanini Rosseto, Claudia Benedita dos Santos
    Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP.2014; 48(5): 834.     CrossRef
  • Palliative care in the ICU: relief of pain, dyspnea, and thirst—A report from the IPAL-ICU Advisory Board
    Kathleen Puntillo, Judith Eve Nelson, David Weissman, Randall Curtis, Stefanie Weiss, Jennifer Frontera, Michelle Gabriel, Ross Hays, Dana Lustbader, Anne Mosenthal, Colleen Mulkerin, Daniel Ray, Rick Bassett, Renee Boss, Karen Brasel, Margaret Campbell
    Intensive Care Medicine.2014; 40(2): 235.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Postoperative Oral Care Using Cold Therapy on Nausea, Vomiting and Oral Discomfort in Patients with Laparoscopic Myomectomy
    Mi-Young Jung, Hyo-Sun Choi, Kyung-Yeon Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2012; 19(3): 292.     CrossRef
  • Postoperative Patients' Thirst and Oral Status by Three Oral Care Methods
    Mi Young Kim, Mee Jung Doo, Su Kyeong Kang, Yean Ho Lim, Hyun Mi Kim, Mi Kyoung Kim, Ji Won On, Hye Seon Seol, Jeong Hee Kang
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2012; 18(3): 403.     CrossRef
  • 234 View
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  • 24 Crossref
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Effects of Self-Foot Reflexology on Stress, Fatigue and Blood Circulation in Premenopausal Middle-Aged Women
Soo Hyun Jang, Kye Ha Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2009;39(5):662-672.   Published online October 31, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.5.662
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was to examine the effects of self-foot reflexology on stress, fatigue and blood circulation in premenopausal middle-aged women.

Methods

A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group, pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were 59 premenopausal, middle-aged women in their 40s and 60s living in G city: 30 in the experiment group and 29 in the control group. Data were collected from May to August 2008. Self-foot reflexology was performed three times a week for 6 weeks for 40 min at each session.

Results

The results showed that self-foot reflexology was effective in reducing perceived stress and fatigue and helped blood circulation in premenopausal middle-aged women.

Conclusion

Self-foot reflexology may be an effective nursing intervention in reducing perceived stress and fatigue and in improving blood circulation.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Medical intelligence using PPG signals and hybrid learning at the edge to detect fatigue in physical activities
    Ping Liu, Yazhou Song, Xuan Yang, Dejuan Li, M. Khosravi
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Fatigue Estimation Using Peak Features from PPG Signals
    Yi-Xiang Chen, Chin-Kun Tseng, Jung-Tsung Kuo, Chien-Jen Wang, Shu-Hung Chao, Lih-Jen Kau, Yuh-Shyan Hwang, Chun-Ling Lin
    Mathematics.2023; 11(16): 3580.     CrossRef
  • The effects of reflexology on symptoms in pregnancy: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
    Xiaoyu Liang, Shangping Wu, Ke Li, Haolin Zhang, Fujing Yang, Xinhui Wang, Guangyi Yang
    Heliyon.2023; 9(8): e18442.     CrossRef
  • The impact of foot massage given to postmenopausal women on anxiety, fatigue, and sleep: a randomized-controlled trial
    Nilay Gökbulut, Emine Ibici Akça, Çiğdem Karakayali Ay
    Menopause.2022; 29(11): 1254.     CrossRef
  • Effects of HIIT and MIIT Suspension Training Programs on Sleep Quality and Fatigue in Older Adults: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
    José Daniel Jiménez-García, Fidel Hita-Contreras, Manuel Jesús de la Torre-Cruz, Agustín Aibar-Almazán, Alexander Achalandabaso-Ochoa, Raquel Fábrega-Cuadros, Antonio Martínez-Amat
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(3): 1211.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Foot Reflexology Applied Before Coronary Angiography and Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty on Anxiety, Stress, and Cortisol Levels of Individuals
    Birgül Vural Doğru, Fisun ŞenuzunAykar, Yasemin Yıldırım, Oğuz Yavuzgil, Eser Sözmen, Hikmet Memmedov
    Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing.2021; 36(5): 461.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Auricular Acupressure Therapy on Sleep Disorder and Fatigue in Menopausal Women
    Eun-Jin Ryu, So-Eun Choi
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2020; 31(4): 447.     CrossRef
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    Corinna Anna Christmann, Alexandra Hoffmann, Gabriele Bleser
    JMIR mHealth and uHealth.2017; 5(2): e22.     CrossRef
  • The effects of foot reflexology on the level of depression in patients under hemodialysis
    Zakiyeh Amini, Roshanravan Mostafa, Bahrami Hamid Reza, Sanagoo Akram, Jouybari Leila, Kamali Azadeh
    Journal of Nursing Education.2017; 5(6): 33.     CrossRef
  • The effect of foot reflexology applied to women aged between 40 and 60 on vasomotor complaints and quality of life
    Ebru Gozuyesil, Muruvvet Baser
    Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice.2016; 24: 78.     CrossRef
  • Self-Administered Foot Reflexology for the Management of Chronic Health Conditions: A Systematic Review
    Hyun Jin Song, Sun Mi Choi, Hyun-Ju Seo, Heeyoung Lee, Heejeong Son, Sanghun Lee
    The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.2015; 21(2): 69.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Foot-Reflexology Massage on Fatigue, Stress and Postpartum Depression in Postpartum Women
    Mi Son Choi, Eun Ja Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2015; 45(4): 587.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Light Therapy on Sleep Disturbance and Depression in Climacteric Women
    Yun Ah Kim, Mi Hae Sung
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2015; 21(3): 197.     CrossRef
  • Effect of self-administered foot reflexology for symptom management in healthy persons: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Hyun Jin Song, Heejeong Son, Hyun-Ju Seo, Heeyoung Lee, Sun Mi Choi, Sanghun Lee
    Complementary Therapies in Medicine.2015; 23(1): 79.     CrossRef
  • Towards a Working Model for an MBSR-informed Forest Healing Program: Focusing on Patients with Hypertension
    안희영, 이건호
    The Journal of Korean institute of Forest Recreation.2013; 17(4): 1.     CrossRef
  • Stress, Self-esteem, and Powerlessness in Korean Husbands Married to Foreign Wives
    Kyeha Kim, Jeong Ju Sun, Suk Hee Oh
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2013; 24(1): 29.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Aroma Foot Reflex Massage on Mood States and Brain Waves in Women Elderly with Osteoarthritis
    In Sook Kim, Hee Jeong Yang, Eun Seon Im, Hee Young Kang
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2013; 25(6): 644.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Aroma Self-Foot Reflexology Massage on Stress and Immune Responses and Fatigue in Middle-Aged Women in Rural Areas
    Ja Ok Kim, In Sook Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2012; 42(5): 709.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Self-Foot Reflexology on Stress, Fatigue, Skin Temperature and Immune Response in Female Undergraduate Students
    Young-Mee Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2011; 41(1): 110.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Foot Reflexology on Changes of Hand and Foot Temperature in Middle-Aged Women
    yun, shin-jung, 백승현
    Journal of Investigative Cosmetology.2010; 6(3): 233.     CrossRef
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Influencing Factors on HRQOL of Physically Disabled Persons
Kye Ha Kim, Ok Soo Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(3):478-486.   Published online June 30, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.3.478
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors on health-related quality of life of physically disabled persons.

Method

Data was collected from 96 persons with a physical disability in three cities in Korea from June to September, 2003. Social support and depression were measured by a Social Support Questionnaire 6 (SSQ6) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression questionnaire (CES-D). The Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale was used to measure self-esteem. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was measured using Smith Kline Beecham Quality of Life Scale (SBQOL). The SPSS WIN 11.0 version program was used for data analysis.

Result

There were significant differences of HRQOL according to monthly income and economic status. All subjects had a high level of depression and low self-esteem.

Conclusion

The findings of this study show that self-esteem and the size of the social support network are significant influencing variables on HRQOL in physically disabled persons. Nursing intervention and counseling programs which improve self-esteem and increase the size of a social support network are needed to promote HRQOL in physically disabled persons.

Citations

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  • Investigation of Factors Influencing the Monetary Value of Counseling Services
    Bo Young Choi, Sunghee An, Sang Min Lee
    International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling.2023; 45(2): 271.     CrossRef
  • Socialization and Health Experiences of Physical disabled Adults in Public Welfare Program
    Jeong-Soo KIM
    Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education.2016; 28(1): 258.     CrossRef
  • Factors influencing Health-related Quality of Life in Korean Medicaid Beneficiaries
    Sun-Woo Hong
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(4): 480.     CrossRef
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  • 3 Crossref
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Dependency, Abuse, and Depression by Gender in Widowed Elderly
Ok Soo Kim, Kyoung Mi Yang, Kye Ha Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(2):336-343.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.2.336
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dependency and abuse on depression according to gender in widowed elderly.

Method

A convenient sample consisted of 246 widowed elderly who were more than 65 years old in four cities. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire from August to September, 2002. A dependency Scale developed by Ahn (1999) was used to measure the level of dependency. Emotional abuse and physical abuse were measured by 10 items for emotional abuse and 7 items for physical abuse selected out of the Conditions Scale of Elder Abuse. The level of depression was measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS).The SPSS WIN 11.0 version program was used for data analysis.

Result

In male widowed elderly, dependency affected depression indirectly through emotional abuse. While in female widowed elderly, dependency affected depression directly and affected emotional abuse indirectly.

Conclusion

The study showed that dependency was the most explainable variable on depression in widowed female elderly. Therefore, it dependency should be assessed first in nursing intervention to relieve depression of widowed elderly.

Citations

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  • Travesty of Life Elders Abuse an Inquiry of Physical and Psychological Abuse
    Naval Bajpai, Kushagra Kulshreshtha, Prince Dubey, Gunjan Sharma
    Ageing International.2023; 48(2): 413.     CrossRef
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    Jong-Il Park
    Yonsei Medical Journal.2018; 59(5): 693.     CrossRef
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    Yong Ju Park, Ja Ok Kim
    Journal of muscle and joint health.2014; 21(2): 106.     CrossRef
  • The impact of psychological abuse on somatic symptoms: a study of older persons aged 60-84 years
    Joaquim Jorge Fernandes Soares, Eija Viitasara, Gloria Macassa, Maria Gabriella Melchiorre, Mindaugas Stankunas, Jutta Lindert, Henrique Barros, Elisabeth Ioannidi-Kapolou, Francisco Torres-González
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  • Alcohol use among abused and non-abused older persons aged 60–84 years: An European study
    Ingrid Tredal, Joaquim J. F. Soares, Örjan Sundin, Eija Viitasara, Maria Gabriella Melchiorre, Francisco Torres-Gonzales, Mindaugas Stankunas, Jutta Lindert, Elisabeth Ioannidi-Kapolou, Henrique Barros
    Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy.2013; 20(2): 96.     CrossRef
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    Hae-Ok Jeon, Ok-Soo Kim
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(3): 1203.     CrossRef
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    Sang-Hwa Lee, Seong-Sook Jun
    Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2012; 21(4): 311.     CrossRef
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