Mijee Koo; Sunkyung Hwang

doi:10.4040/jkan.2016.46.4.514

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Original Article
Comparison of Effects of Exhalation and Inhalation Breathing Exercises on Pulmonary Function and Complications in Elderly Patients with Upper-abdominal Surgery: Mijee Koo, Sunkyung Hwang; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2016;46(4):514-522.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.4.514
Published online: August 31, 2016

¹SICU, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital., Yangsan, Korea.

²College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Koo, Mijee. SICU, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, 20 Kumoh-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Korea. Tel: +82-55-360-2223, Fax: +82-55-360-1269, worldofmiji@hanmail.net

• Received: March 16, 2016 • Revised: May 4, 2016 • Accepted: May 8, 2016

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

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Abstract
NOTES
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of exhalation breathing exercises using expirometer and that of inhalation breathing exercises using incentive spirometry on pulmonary function and complications in elderly patients with upper-abdominal surgery.
Methods
The research design was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. Participants were 63 patients who underwent upper-abdominal surgery under general anesthesia (32 in experiment group, 31 in control group). They were recruited at P university hospital from August 1 to November 30, 2015. Effects were evaluated by measuring pulmonary functions (Forced Vital Capacity [FVC], Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second [FEV1]) and pulmonary complications. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 18.0 program.
Results
There was no difference in FVC between the experimental group and the control group, but FEV1 in the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group by time change (p=.001). Also, there were no pulmonary complications in the experimental group but there were 5 cases (16.1%)(p=.018) in the control group.
Conclusion
Findings indicate that exhalation breathing exercises by elderly patients following upper-abdominal surgery is an effective nursing intervention in enhancing pulmonary function and preventing pulmonary complications.
Keywords: Exhalation; Inhalation; Breathing exercises; Surgery

The authors declared no conflict of interest

REFERENCES

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Figure 1

Research design.

Table 1

Homogeneity Test for Characteristics between Experimental and Control Group (N=63)

^*Fisher's exact test; Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; GI=Gastrointestinal; ICU=Intensive care unit; PCA=Patient controlled analgesia; ARISCAT score=Preoperative pulmonary risk index, Low risk (0~25), intermediate risk (26~44), high risk (45~123); BMI=Body mass index; HB=Hemoglobin ;FVC=Forced vital capacity; FEV1=Forced expiratory volume in 1 second.

Table 2

Change of Pulmonary Functions by Time between Experimental and Control Group (N=63)

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; FVC=Forced vital capacity; FEV1=Forced expiratory volume in 1 second; POD=Post operative day.

Table 3

Comparison of Pulmonary Complications between Experimental and Control Group (N=63)

^*Fisher's exact test; Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

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Comparison of Effects of Exhalation and Inhalation Breathing Exercises on Pulmonary Function and Complications in Elderly Patients with Upper-abdominal Surgery

J Korean Acad Nurs. 2016;46(4):514-522. Published online August 31, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.4.514

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Comparison of Effects of Exhalation and Inhalation Breathing Exercises on Pulmonary Function and Complications in Elderly Patients with Upper-abdominal Surgery

Figure 1 Research design.

Figure 1

Comparison of Effects of Exhalation and Inhalation Breathing Exercises on Pulmonary Function and Complications in Elderly Patients with Upper-abdominal Surgery

Table 1

Homogeneity Test for Characteristics between Experimental and Control Group (N=63)

Table 2

Change of Pulmonary Functions by Time between Experimental and Control Group (N=63)

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; FVC=Forced vital capacity; FEV1=Forced expiratory volume in 1 second; POD=Post operative day.

Table 3

Comparison of Pulmonary Complications between Experimental and Control Group (N=63)

^*Fisher's exact test; Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Table 1 Homogeneity Test for Characteristics between Experimental and Control Group (N=63)

Table 2 Change of Pulmonary Functions by Time between Experimental and Control Group (N=63)

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; FVC=Forced vital capacity; FEV1=Forced expiratory volume in 1 second; POD=Post operative day.

Table 3 Comparison of Pulmonary Complications between Experimental and Control Group (N=63)

^*Fisher's exact test; Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.