Jeong Min Yi; Gwang Suk Kim

doi:10.4040/jkan.2016.46.4.523

Articles

Page Path: HOME > J Korean Acad Nurs > Volume 46(4); 2016 > Article

Original Article
Factors Influencing Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Military Personnel during Basic Combat Training: Jeong Min Yi, Gwang Suk Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2016;46(4):523-533.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.4.523
Published online: August 31, 2016

¹Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.

²Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Nursing, Seoul, Korea.

Address reprint requests to : Kim, Gwang Suk. Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Nursing, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2228-3342, Fax: +82-2-392-5440, GSKIM@yuhs.ac

• Received: September 16, 2015 • Revised: March 16, 2016 • Accepted: May 11, 2016

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

19 Views
0 Download
1 Scopus

prev next

Full Article

Download PDF

Abstract
NOTES
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
This study was done to examine physical, psycho-social, and individual factors influencing musculoskeletal symptoms among Korean military trainees.
Methods
Using a correlation study design, military trainees who had completed almost of all the basic combat training (BCT) days were recruited from two military training units selected by convenience sampling. Data from 415 participants were analyzed.
Results
Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was 29.6% defined as a participant having pain or discomfort in one or more body parts during training hours for more than seven consecutive days. Back/pelvic (10.8%), knees (10.1%), shoulders (7.7%), feet/toes (5.6%), ankles (4.8%) were prone to musculoskeletal symptoms. Musculoskeletal symptoms appeared to be related to physical exertion during BCT, stress during BCT, social support from fellow trainees, or previous musculoskeletal injuries. In the logistic regression model, physical exertion during BCT (OR=2.27, 95% CI: 1.42~3.65), stress during BCT (OR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.15~2.78), and previous musculoskeletal injuries (OR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.01~2.47) were the significant factors affecting prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms.
Conclusion
Findings indicate that physical exertion and psycho-social stress should be managed to prevent musculoskeletal symptoms in military trainees with more attention being given to trainees having a history of musculoskeletal injuries.
Keywords: Musculoskeletal system; Signs and symptoms; Physical exertion; Psychological stress; Military personnel

This manuscript is based on a part of the first author's master's thesis from Yonsei University.

The author declared no conflict of interest.

REFERENCES

1. Swedler DI, Knapik JJ, Williams KW, Grier TL, Jones BH. Risk factors for medical discharge from United States army basic combat training. Mil Med. 2011;176(10):1104–1110. Article PubMed
2. Choi SW, Park JS, Jung SO. Risk factors of musculoskeletal injuries among the marine corps enlisted trainees. Korean J Occup Environ Med. 2010;22(2):146–153.Article PDF
3. Taanila H, Suni J, Pihlajamaki H, Mattila VM, Ohrankammen O, Vuorinen P, et al. Musculoskeletal disorders in physically active conscripts: A one-year follow-up study in the Finnish defence forces. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2009;10:89Article PubMed PMC PDF
4. Finestone A, Milgrom C, Evans R, Yanovich R, Constantini N, Moran DS. Overuse injuries in female infantry recruits during low-intensity basic training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40:11 Suppl. S630–S635. Article PubMed
5. Havenetidis K, Paxinos T. Risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries among Greek army officer cadets undergoing basic combat training. Mil Med. 2011;176(10):1111–1116. Article PubMed
6. Jones BH, Cowan DN, Tomlinson JP, Robinson JR, Polly DW, Frykman PN. Epidemiology of injuries associated with physical training among young men in the army. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993;25(2):197–203.Article PubMed
7. Havenetidis K, Kardaris D, Paxinos T. Profiles of musculoskeletal injuries among Greek army officer cadets during basic combat training. Mil Med. 2011;176(3):297–303. Article PubMed
8. Davidson PL, Chalmers DJ, Wilson BD, McBride D. Lower limb injuries in New Zealand defence force personnel: Descriptive epidemiology. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2008;32(2):167–173. Article PubMed PDF
9. Brushøj C, Larsen K, Albrecht-Beste E, Nielsen MB, Løye F, Hölmich P. Prevention of overuse injuries by a concurrent exercise program in subjects exposed to an increase in training load: A randomized controlled trial of 1020 army recruits. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36(4):663–670. Article PubMed PDF
10. Knapik JJ, Trone DW, Swedler DI, Villasenor A, Bullock SH, Schmied E, et al. Injury reduction effectiveness of assigning running shoes based on plantar shape in Marine Corps basic training. Am J Sports Med. 2010;38(9):1759–1759. Article PubMed PDF
11. Huang GD, Feuerstein M, Kop WJ, Schor K, Arroyo F. Individual and combined impacts of biomechanical and work organization factors in work-related musculoskeletal symptoms. Am J Ind Med. 2003;43(5):495–506. Article PubMed
12. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Musculoskeletal disorders and workplace factors: A critical review of epidemiologic evidence for work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the neck, upper extremity, and low back[Internet]. Cincinnati, OH, Author. 1997;cited 2016 June 11. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-141/pdfs/97-141.pdf
13. Bongers PM, Kremer AM, ter Laak J. Are psychosocial factors, risk factors for symptoms and signs of the shoulder, elbow, or hand/wrist?: A review of the epidemiological literature. Am J Ind Med. 2002;41(5):315–342. Article PubMed
14. Lee KH, Yoon JH, Kim SK, Cho IJ, Oh SS, Kim SH, et al. The relationship of physical and psychosocial risk factors to work-related musculoskeletal upper extremity symptoms amongst male automobile manufacturing workers. Korean J Occup Environ Med. 2012;24(1):72–85.Article PDF
15. Lee H, Wilbur J, Conrad KM, Miller AM. Risk factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders among female flight attendants: Using a focus group to prepare a survey. AAOHN J. 2006;54(4):154–164. PubMed
Parkes KR. Social support and musculoskeletal disorders: Literature review and data analysis. Norwich, UK: Crown copyright; Health and Safety Executive; 2008.Report No.: Research Report RR594.
17. Lincoln AE, Smith GS, Amoroso PJ, Bell NS. The effect of cigarette smoking on musculoskeletal-related disability. Am J Ind Med. 2003;43(4):337–349. Article PubMed PMC
18. Knapik JJ, Hauret KG, Canada S, Marin R, Jones B. Association between ambulatory physical activity and injuries during United States army basic combat training. J Phys Act Health. 2011;8(4):496–502.Article PubMed
19. Morken T, Magerøy N, Moen BE. Physical activity is associated with a low prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the Royal Norwegian navy: A cross sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2007;8:56Article PubMed PMC PDF
20. Sharma J, Golby J, Greeves J, Spears IR. Biomechanical and life-style risk factors for medial tibia stress syndrome in army recruits: A prospective study. Gait Posture. 2011;33(3):361–365. Article PubMed
21. Kim DS, Moon MK, Kim KS. A survey of musculoskeletal symptoms & risk factors for the 119 emergency medical services (EMS) activities. J Ergon Soc Korea. 2010;29(2):211–216. Article
22. Dawson AP, Steele EJ, Hodges PW, Stewart S. Development and test–retest reliability of an extended version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ-E): A screening instrument for musculoskeletal pain. J Pain. 2009;10(5):517–526. Article PubMed
23. Kim DY, Lee JA. Gender comparison of ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) as a predictor of exercise intensity in college students. J Life Sci. 2011;21(1):9–14. Article
24. Matteson MT, Ivancevich JM. Organizational stressors and heart disease: A research model. Acad Manage Rev. 1979;4(3):347–357. Article
25. Kang S, Ko J, Kim YJ. Development of the stress diagnostic scale on samples of Korean military personnel. Korean J Psychol Gen. 2012;31(2):345–367.
26. Park HC. A study on the quality of life improvement of soldier: Focusing on the stressor, social support[master's thesis]. Seoul, Yonsei University. 2001.
27. House C, Reecez A, Roiz de Sa D. Shock-absorbing insoles reduce the incidence of lower limb overuse injuries sustained during royal marine training. Mil Med. 2013;178(6):683–689. Article
28. Konitzer LN, Fargo MV, Brininger TL, Lim Reed M. Association between back, neck, and upper extremity musculoskeletal pain and the individual body armor. J Hand Ther. 2008;21(2):143–143. Article
29. Feuerstein M, Nicholas RA, Huang GD, Dimberg L, Ali D, Rogers H. Job stress management and ergonomic intervention for work-related upper extremity symptoms. Appl Ergon. 2004;35(6):565–565. Article PubMed
30. Kamper SJ, Apeldoorn AT, Chiarotto A, Smeets RJ, Ostelo RW, Guzman J, et al. Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for chronic low back pain: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2015;350:h444Article PubMed PMC

Table 1

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Symptoms in the Study Participants

Table 2

Distributions of Physical Exertion, Stress, Social Support during BCT

BCT=Basic combat training.

Table 3

Difference of Variables between the Musculoskeletal Symptomatic Group and Asymptomatic Group

^*The numbers in the data are less than 415 because of the missing data; BCT=Basic combat training.

Table 4

Predictors of Musculoskeletal Symptoms during BCT

BCT=Basic combat training; SE=Standard error; OR=Odds ratio; CI=Confidence interval.

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Cite

CITE: export Copy Download Format; Close

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software

Include:

Citation for the content below
Citation and abstract for the content below

Factors Influencing Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Military Personnel during Basic Combat Training

J Korean Acad Nurs. 2016;46(4):523-533. Published online August 31, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.4.523

XML Download

We recommend

Factors Influencing Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Military Personnel during Basic Combat Training

Table 1

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Symptoms in the Study Participants

Table 2

Distributions of Physical Exertion, Stress, Social Support during BCT

BCT=Basic combat training.

Table 3

Difference of Variables between the Musculoskeletal Symptomatic Group and Asymptomatic Group

^*The numbers in the data are less than 415 because of the missing data; BCT=Basic combat training.

Table 4

Predictors of Musculoskeletal Symptoms during BCT

BCT=Basic combat training; SE=Standard error; OR=Odds ratio; CI=Confidence interval.

Table 1 Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Symptoms in the Study Participants

Table 2 Distributions of Physical Exertion, Stress, Social Support during BCT

BCT=Basic combat training.

Table 3 Difference of Variables between the Musculoskeletal Symptomatic Group and Asymptomatic Group

^*The numbers in the data are less than 415 because of the missing data; BCT=Basic combat training.

Table 4 Predictors of Musculoskeletal Symptoms during BCT

BCT=Basic combat training; SE=Standard error; OR=Odds ratio; CI=Confidence interval.