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Figure 1

Flow of studies included from database search.

Figure 2

Forest plot of effect size and 95% CI by spiritual intervention on spiritual outcomes.

Figure 3

Forest plot of effect size and 95% CI by spiritual intervention on psychological outcome.

Figure 4

Forest plot of effect size and 95% CI by spiritual intervention on biological outcome.

Table 1

Characteristics of Included Studies (N=21)

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; diff=difference; RCT=Randomized Controlled Trials; NRCCT=Non Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials; VAS=Visul Analog Scale; HADS=Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; DSEC=Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale; HDRS=Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; HARS=Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; SCL-90-R=Symptom Check List-90-Revision; CES-D=Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; FACIT-Sp=Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-spiritual; POMS=Profile of Mood States; STAI=Spielberger's State Anxiety Inventory; BPI-K=Korean Version of Brief Pain Inventory.

^*Allocation concealment; ^†Blind stated; ^‡<20% Attrition rate; ^§Calculation of sample size; ^∥80% of the people are cancer patients).

Table 2

Characteristics of Spiritual Intervention Studies (N=21)

Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Figure & Data

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