Hyung-Jun Kim; Kang-Hyun Leem; Myoung-Hee Kim

doi:10.4040/jkan.2010.40.6.765

Articles

Page Path: HOME > J Korean Acad Nurs > Volume 40(6); 2010 > Article

Original Article
Correlation between Subjective and Objective Measurement of Climacteric Women's Hot Flashes: Hyung-Jun Kim, Kang-Hyun Leem, Myoung-Hee Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2010;40(6):765-774.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.6.765
Published online: December 31, 2010

¹Associate Professor, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon, Korea.

²Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Semyung University, Jecheon, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Kim, Myoung-Hee. Department of Nursing, Semyung University, 579 Sinwol-dong, Jecheon 390-711, Korea. Tel: 82-43-649-1352, Fax: 82-43-649-1785, mh1352@semyung.ac.kr

• Received: July 22, 2010 • Accepted: December 28, 2010

217 Views
0 Download
3 Crossref
2 Scopus

prev next

Full Article

Download PDF

Abstract
NOTES
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
The purposes of this study were to explain the phenomena of hot flashes in climacteric women by using Mexameter, Skin Thermometer, Corneometer, and Laser Doppler Perfusion Imager (LDPI) objectively and to identify the interrelation between the subjective and objective measurements of hot flashes by comparing the two as reported in retrospective questionnaires.
Methods
The participants were one hundred women (45-60 yr) who were not currently on hormone therapy, and had reached hot flash scores of 10 or higher. Hot flashes were measured in a temperature and humidity controlled room for 7 hr from 10 am to 5 pm. Hot flashes were measured subjectively and recorded via the Hot Flash Diary Report. When participants felt the hot flashes, they were measured objectively by Mexameter, Skin Thermometer, Corneometer, and LDPI.
Results
The frequency of hot flashes in participants ranged from 1 to 7 times. When hot flashes occurred in participants, the erythema, skin temperature, skin hydration, and blood perfusion showed statistically significant changes in all measurements. But, the subjective and objective measurements of hot flashes showed only weak correlations.
Conclusion
Results indicate a need for future research with subjective and objective measuring instruments chosen depending variations identified for the study.
Keywords: Climacteric; Hot flashes; Instrumentation

This study was supported by a grant of the Korea Healthcare Technology R&D Project, Ministry for Health, Welfare & Family Affairs, Republic of Korea (B08-0042).

REFERENCES

1. Carpenter JS, Azzouz F, Monahan PO, Storniolo AM, Ridner SH. Is sternal skin conductance monitoring a valid measure of hot flash intensity or distress? Menopause. 2005;12:512–519.Article PubMed
2. Carpenter JS, Monahan PO, Azzouz F. Accuracy of subjective hot flush reports compared with continuous sternal skin conductance monitoring. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2004;104:1322–1326.Article PubMed
3. Dormire SL. What we know about managing menopausal hot flashes: Navigating without a compass. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing. 2003;32:455–464.Article
4. Faure ED, Chantre P, Mares P. Effects of a standardized soy extract on hot flushes: A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Menopause. 2002;9:329–334.Article PubMed
5. Guthrie JR, Dennerstein L, Taffe JR, Donnelly V. Health care-seeking for menopausal problems. Climacteric. 2003;6:112–117.Article PubMed
6. Han KK, Soares JM Jr, Haidar MA, de Lima GR, Baracat EC. Benefits of soy isoflavone therapeutic regimen on menopausal symptoms. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002;99:389–394.Article PubMed
7. Kim KH, Kang KW, Kim DI, Kim HJ, Yoon HM, Lee JM, et al. Effects of acupuncture on hot flashes in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: A multicenter randomized clinical trial. Menopause. 2010;17:269–280.Article PubMed
8. Kim MJ, Kim JH. How long do menopausal hot flushes really last? Journal of Korean Society of Menopause. 2009;15:73–78.
9. Lee JY. Hot flashes. Journal of Korean Society of Menopause. 2004;10:3–9.
10. Manson JE, Hsia J, Johnson KC, Rossouw JE, Assaf AR, Lasser NL, et al. Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2003;349:523–534.Article PubMed
11. Miller HG, Li RM. Measuring hot flashes: Summary of a National Institutes of Health workshop. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2004;79:777–781.Article PubMed
12. Nachtigall LE, Baber RJ, Barentsen R, Durand N, Panay N, Pitkin J, et al. Complementary and hormonal therapy for vasomotor symptom relief: A conservative clinical approach. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada. 2006;28:279–289.Article PubMed
13. North American Menopause Society. Treatment of menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms: Position statement of the North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2004;11:11–33.PubMed
14. Obermeyer CM. Menopause across cultures: A review of the evidence. Menopause. 2000;7:184–192.Article
15. Otte JL, Flockhart D, Hayes D, Storniolo AM, Stearns V, Schneider B, et al. Comparison of subjective and objective hot flash measures over time among breast cancer survivors initiating aromatase inhibitor therapy. Menopause. 2009;16:653–659.Article PubMed PMC
16. Sievert LL, Begum K, Sharmeen T, Chowdhury O, Muttukrishna S, Bentley G. Patterns of occurrence and concordance between subjective and objective hot flashes among muslim and hindu women in sylhet, bangladesh. American Journal of Human Biology. 2008;20:598–604.Article PubMed
17. Sloan JA, Loprinzi CL, Novotny PJ, Barton DL, Lavasseur BI, Windschitl H. Methodologic lessons learned from hot flash studies. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2001;19:4280–4290.Article PubMed
18. Stearns V, Hayes DF. Approach to menopausal symptoms in women with breast cancer. Current Treatment Options in Oncology. 2002;3:179–190.Article PubMed PDF
19. Thurston RC, Blumenthal JA, Babyak MA, Sherwood A. Emotional antecedents of hot flashes during daily life. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2005;67:137–146.Article PubMed
20. Thurston RC, Blumenthal JA, Babyak MA, Sherwood A. Association between hot flashes, sleep complaints, and psychological functioning among healthy menopausal women. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 2006;13:163–172.Article PubMed
21. Tice JA, Ettinger B, Ensrud K, Wallace R, Blackwell T, Cummings SR. Phytoestrogen supplements for the treatment of hot flashes: The isoflavone clover extract (ICE) study: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association. 2003;290:207–214.
22. Utian WH. Psychosocial and socioeconomic burden of vasomotor symptoms in menopause: A comprehensive review. Health and Quality of Life outcomes. 2005;3:47–57.PubMed PMC
23. Yu HK. Hot flashes and sweating: Pathology, diagnosis, and treatment. Journal of Korean Society of Menopause. 1996;2:132–146.

Figure 1

Differences in redness, skin temperature, skin hydration, and blood perfusion between baseline and hot flashes.

^*p<.001.

AU=Arbitrary unit.

Table 1

General Characteristics of Participants (N=100)

BMI=body mass index.

Table 2

The Frequency of Hot Flashes of Participants (N=100)

^*Measure in a temperature and humidity-controlled laboratory room for 7 hours from 10 am to 5 pm.

Table 3

Descriptive Statistics of Subjective and Objective Measures (N=100)

^*Visual Analogue Scale; ^†Retrospective measure; ^‡Measure in a temperature and humidity-controlled laboratory room; ^§Arbitrary unit.

Table 4

The Correlations between Subjective Measures and Objective Measures (N=100)

VAS=Visual analogue scale.

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Ectopic Mediastinal Thyroid: A Crossroad Between a Multi-Layered Endocrine Perspective and a Contemporary Approach in Thoracic Surgery
Claudiu Nistor, Mihai-Lucian Ciobica, Oana-Claudia Sima, Anca-Pati Cucu, Florina Vasilescu, Lucian-George Eftimie, Dana Terzea, Mihai Costachescu, Adrian Ciuche, Mara Carsote
Life.2024; 14(11): 1374. CrossRef
Acupuncture for the Treatment of Hot Flashes in Patients with Breast Cancer Receiving Antiestrogen Therapy: A Pilot Study in Korean Women
Young Ju Jeong, Young Sun Park, Hyo Jung Kwon, Im Hee Shin, Jin Gu Bong, Sung Hwan Park
The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.2013; 19(8): 690. CrossRef
Effects of Origanum Majorana Essential Oil Aroma on the Electroencephalograms of Female Young Adults with Sleep Disorders
Han-Na Jung, Hyun-Ju Choi
Journal of Life Science.2012; 22(8): 1077. CrossRef

Cite

CITE: export Copy Download Format; Close

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software

Include:

Citation for the content below
Citation and abstract for the content below

Correlation between Subjective and Objective Measurement of Climacteric Women's Hot Flashes

J Korean Acad Nurs. 2010;40(6):765-774. Published online December 31, 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.6.765

XML Download

Figure

We recommend

Correlation between Subjective and Objective Measurement of Climacteric Women's Hot Flashes

Figure 1 Differences in redness, skin temperature, skin hydration, and blood perfusion between baseline and hot flashes. *p<.001. AU=Arbitrary unit.

Figure 1

Correlation between Subjective and Objective Measurement of Climacteric Women's Hot Flashes

Table 1

General Characteristics of Participants (N=100)

BMI=body mass index.

Table 2

The Frequency of Hot Flashes of Participants (N=100)

^*Measure in a temperature and humidity-controlled laboratory room for 7 hours from 10 am to 5 pm.

Table 3

Descriptive Statistics of Subjective and Objective Measures (N=100)

^*Visual Analogue Scale; ^†Retrospective measure; ^‡Measure in a temperature and humidity-controlled laboratory room; ^§Arbitrary unit.

Table 4

The Correlations between Subjective Measures and Objective Measures (N=100)

VAS=Visual analogue scale.

Table 1 General Characteristics of Participants (N=100)

BMI=body mass index.

Table 2 The Frequency of Hot Flashes of Participants (N=100)

^*Measure in a temperature and humidity-controlled laboratory room for 7 hours from 10 am to 5 pm.

Table 3 Descriptive Statistics of Subjective and Objective Measures (N=100)

^*Visual Analogue Scale; ^†Retrospective measure; ^‡Measure in a temperature and humidity-controlled laboratory room; ^§Arbitrary unit.

Table 4 The Correlations between Subjective Measures and Objective Measures (N=100)