Myoung-Ae Choe; Yang Sook Hah; Keum Soon Kim; Myungsun Yi; Jung-An Choi

doi:10.4040/jkan.2008.38.1.101

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Original Article
A Study on Exercise Behavior, Exercise Environment and Social Support of Middle-Aged Women: Myoung-Ae Choe, Yang Sook Hah, Keum Soon Kim, Myungsun Yi, Jung-An Choi; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2008;38(1):101-110.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.1.101
Published online: February 28, 2008

¹Professor, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

²Full-time Instructor, Department of Nursing, Kkottongnae Hyundo University of Social Welfare, Cheongwon, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Choi, Jung-An. Department of Nursing, Kkottongnae Hyundo University of Social Welfare, 387 Sangsam-ri, Hyundo-myeon, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheingbukdo 363-823, Korea. Tel: 82-43-270-0171, Fax: 82-43-270-0120, paulan@kkot.ac.kr

• Received: October 15, 2007 • Accepted: November 28, 2007

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify exercise environments and social support associated with exercise behaviors in middle-aged women
Methods
Subjects were 207 women aged between 41 and 59 yr in an urban community. The research instruments utilized in this study were exercise stages, exercise environments, exercise partners and social support scale. Subjects were given a self-report questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the SPSS Win program.
Results
The subjects were in the stages of precontemplation (3.4%), contemplation (25.1%), preparation (40.6%), action (5.8%), and maintenance (25.1%). Subjects who engaged in regular exercise were 30.9%. The mean score of the exercise environment was 6.34. The mean score of social support was 21.28, and 65.7% of subjects had exercise partners. The score of the exercise environment was significantly associated with the exercise stage (p=.01). The number of exercise partners of regular exercise groups was significantly greater than that of non-regular exercise groups (p=.00). The score of social support of regular exercise groups was significantly greater than that of non-regular exercise groups (p=.00). The score of social support was significantly associated with the exercise stage (p=.00).
Conclusion
Exercise environments and social support need to be considered in planning exercise programs to improve exercise behavior among middle-aged women.
Keywords: Exercise; Environment; Social support; Middle aged; Women

Table 1

Characteristics of the Subjects (N=207)

BMI=body mass index.

Table 2

Exercise Behavior, Exercise Environment, and Social Supports of the Subjects

Table 3

Differences in Exercise Environment and Social Support between Regular Exercise Group and Non-regular Exercise Group

^*p<.05.

Table 4

Differences in Exercise Environment and Social Support by Exercise Stages

PC=precontemplation; C=contemplation; PA=preparation; A=action; M=maintenance.

^*p<.05.

REFERENCES

1. Boslaugh SE, Luke DA, Brownson RC, Naleid KS, Kreuter MW. Perceptions of neighborhood environment for physical activity: is it "who you are" or "where you live"? J Urban Health. 2004;81:671–681.Article PMC
2. Brownson RC, Baker EA, Housemann RA, Brennan LK, Bacak SJ. Environmental and policy determinants of physical activity in the United States. Am J Public Health. 2001;91:1995–2003.Article PMC
3. Choi JA. Construction of leisure physical activity model in middle-aged women. 2005;Seoul, Seoul National University. Unpublished doctoral dissertation.
4. Choi H, Lee EO, Kim BW, Kim IJ. Stage of change for exercise and health-related quality of life in Korean adults. J Korean Acad Adults Nurs. 2004;16:191–201.
5. Eaton SB, Eaton SB. An evolutionary perspective on human physical activity: implications for health. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2003;136(1):153–159.Article PubMed
6. Elavsky S, McAuley E. Physical activity, symptoms, esteem, and life satisfaction during menopause. Maturitas. 2005;52:374–385.Article PubMed
7. Eyler AA, Baker E, Cromer L, King AC, Brownson RC, Donatelle RJ. Physical activity and minority women: a qualitative study. Health Educ Behav. 1998;25:640–652.Article PubMed PDF
8. Eyler AA, Brownson RC, Donatelle RJ, Brown D, Sallis JF. Physical activity social support and middle-and older-aged minority women: results from a US survey. Soc Sci Med. 1999;49:781–789.Article PubMed
9. Giles-Corti B, Donovan RJ. Relative influences of individual, social environmental, and physical environmental correlates of walking. Am J Public Health. 2003;93:1583–1589.Article PubMed PMC
10. King AC, Castro C, Wilcox S, Eyler AA, Sallis JF, Brownson RC. Personal and environmental factors associated with physical inactivity among different racial-ethnic groups of U.S. middle-aged and older-aged women. Health Psychol. 2000;19:354–364.Article PubMed
11. Kim IJ, Lee EO, Choi HJ. Perceived barriers to exercise of adults: difference by age, gender and residence. J Korean Acad Adults Nurs. 2003;15:193–204.
12. Kim KB, Yoo JH, Lee EJ. The experiences of the middle aged women's crisis. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2002;32:305–316.Article PDF
13. Kim YH, Ha EH, Shin SJ. A study on menopausal symptoms and quality of life in middle aged women. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2003;33:601–608.Article PDF
14. Kloek GC, van Lenthe FJ, van Nierop PW, Schrijvers CT, Mackenbach JP. Stages of change for moderate-intensity physical activity in deprived neighborhoods. Prev Med. 2006;43:325–331.Article PubMed
15. Kuh DJ, Cooper C. Physical activity at 36 years: patterns and childhood predictors in a longitudinal study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1992;46:114–119.Article PMC
16. Lechner L, De Vries H. Starting participation in an employee fitness program: attitudes, social influence, and self-efficacy. Prev Med. 1995;24:627–633.Article PubMed
17. Lee DB, Kim SH, Kang YW. The relationships between limited leisure of city-living housewives and their concentration with family. J Korean Phys Educ. 2000;39:820–830.
18. Lee MR. Predicting exercise behavior in middle-aged women: extended theory of planned behavior. J Korean Acad Adults Nurs. 2001;13:610–619.
19. Lee YM. Process of change, decisional balance and self efficacy corresponding to stages of change in exercise behaviors in middle aged women. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2004;34:362–371.Article PDF
20. Litt MD, Kleppinger A, Judge JO. Initiation and maintenance of exercise behavior in older women: predictors from the social learning model. J Behav Med. 2002;25(1):83–97.PubMed
21. Marcus BH, Selby VC, Niaura RS, Rossi JS. Selfefficacy and the stages of exercise behavior change. Res Q Exerc Sport. 1992;63(1):60–66.Article PubMed
22. Nishida Y, Suzuki H, Wang DH, Kira S. Psychological determinants of physical activity in Japanese female employees. J Occup Health. 2003;45(1):15–22.Article PDF
23. Park CS. A model for health promoting behaviors in late-middle aged women. 1995;Seoul, Seoul National University. Unpublished doctoral dissertation.
24. Pender NJ. Health promotion in nursing practice. 1996;3rd ed. Stanford, Connecticut, Appleton & Lange.
25. Rütten A, Abel T, Kannas L, von Lengerke T, Lüschen G, Diaz JA, et al. Self reported physical activity, public health, and perceived environment: results from a comparative European study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2001;55:139–146.Article PubMed PMC
26. Sallis JF, Grossman RM, Pinski RB, Patterson TL, Nader PR. The development of scales to measure social support for diet and exercise behaviors. Prev Med. 1987;16:825–836.Article PubMed
27. Sallis JF, Hovell MF, Hofstetter CR. Predictors of adoption and maintenance of vigorous physical activity in men and women. Prev Med. 1992;21:237–251.Article PubMed
28. Wilcox S, Castro C, King AC, Housemann R, Brownson RC. Determinants of leisure time physical activity in rural compared with urban older and ethnically diverse women in the United States. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2000;54:667–672.Article PubMed PMC

Figure & Data

Table 1

Characteristics of the Subjects (N=207)

BMI=body mass index.

Table 2

Exercise Behavior, Exercise Environment, and Social Supports of the Subjects

Table 3

Differences in Exercise Environment and Social Support between Regular Exercise Group and Non-regular Exercise Group

^*p<.05.

Table 4

Differences in Exercise Environment and Social Support by Exercise Stages

PC=precontemplation; C=contemplation; PA=preparation; A=action; M=maintenance.

^*p<.05.

REFERENCES

1. Boslaugh SE, Luke DA, Brownson RC, Naleid KS, Kreuter MW. Perceptions of neighborhood environment for physical activity: is it "who you are" or "where you live"? J Urban Health. 2004;81:671–681.Article PMC
2. Brownson RC, Baker EA, Housemann RA, Brennan LK, Bacak SJ. Environmental and policy determinants of physical activity in the United States. Am J Public Health. 2001;91:1995–2003.Article PMC
3. Choi JA. Construction of leisure physical activity model in middle-aged women. 2005;Seoul, Seoul National University. Unpublished doctoral dissertation.
4. Choi H, Lee EO, Kim BW, Kim IJ. Stage of change for exercise and health-related quality of life in Korean adults. J Korean Acad Adults Nurs. 2004;16:191–201.
5. Eaton SB, Eaton SB. An evolutionary perspective on human physical activity: implications for health. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2003;136(1):153–159.Article PubMed
6. Elavsky S, McAuley E. Physical activity, symptoms, esteem, and life satisfaction during menopause. Maturitas. 2005;52:374–385.Article PubMed
7. Eyler AA, Baker E, Cromer L, King AC, Brownson RC, Donatelle RJ. Physical activity and minority women: a qualitative study. Health Educ Behav. 1998;25:640–652.Article PubMed PDF
8. Eyler AA, Brownson RC, Donatelle RJ, Brown D, Sallis JF. Physical activity social support and middle-and older-aged minority women: results from a US survey. Soc Sci Med. 1999;49:781–789.Article PubMed
9. Giles-Corti B, Donovan RJ. Relative influences of individual, social environmental, and physical environmental correlates of walking. Am J Public Health. 2003;93:1583–1589.Article PubMed PMC
10. King AC, Castro C, Wilcox S, Eyler AA, Sallis JF, Brownson RC. Personal and environmental factors associated with physical inactivity among different racial-ethnic groups of U.S. middle-aged and older-aged women. Health Psychol. 2000;19:354–364.Article PubMed
11. Kim IJ, Lee EO, Choi HJ. Perceived barriers to exercise of adults: difference by age, gender and residence. J Korean Acad Adults Nurs. 2003;15:193–204.
12. Kim KB, Yoo JH, Lee EJ. The experiences of the middle aged women's crisis. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2002;32:305–316.Article PDF
13. Kim YH, Ha EH, Shin SJ. A study on menopausal symptoms and quality of life in middle aged women. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2003;33:601–608.Article PDF
14. Kloek GC, van Lenthe FJ, van Nierop PW, Schrijvers CT, Mackenbach JP. Stages of change for moderate-intensity physical activity in deprived neighborhoods. Prev Med. 2006;43:325–331.Article PubMed
15. Kuh DJ, Cooper C. Physical activity at 36 years: patterns and childhood predictors in a longitudinal study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1992;46:114–119.Article PMC
16. Lechner L, De Vries H. Starting participation in an employee fitness program: attitudes, social influence, and self-efficacy. Prev Med. 1995;24:627–633.Article PubMed
17. Lee DB, Kim SH, Kang YW. The relationships between limited leisure of city-living housewives and their concentration with family. J Korean Phys Educ. 2000;39:820–830.
18. Lee MR. Predicting exercise behavior in middle-aged women: extended theory of planned behavior. J Korean Acad Adults Nurs. 2001;13:610–619.
19. Lee YM. Process of change, decisional balance and self efficacy corresponding to stages of change in exercise behaviors in middle aged women. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2004;34:362–371.Article PDF
20. Litt MD, Kleppinger A, Judge JO. Initiation and maintenance of exercise behavior in older women: predictors from the social learning model. J Behav Med. 2002;25(1):83–97.PubMed
21. Marcus BH, Selby VC, Niaura RS, Rossi JS. Selfefficacy and the stages of exercise behavior change. Res Q Exerc Sport. 1992;63(1):60–66.Article PubMed
22. Nishida Y, Suzuki H, Wang DH, Kira S. Psychological determinants of physical activity in Japanese female employees. J Occup Health. 2003;45(1):15–22.Article PDF
23. Park CS. A model for health promoting behaviors in late-middle aged women. 1995;Seoul, Seoul National University. Unpublished doctoral dissertation.
24. Pender NJ. Health promotion in nursing practice. 1996;3rd ed. Stanford, Connecticut, Appleton & Lange.
25. Rütten A, Abel T, Kannas L, von Lengerke T, Lüschen G, Diaz JA, et al. Self reported physical activity, public health, and perceived environment: results from a comparative European study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2001;55:139–146.Article PubMed PMC
26. Sallis JF, Grossman RM, Pinski RB, Patterson TL, Nader PR. The development of scales to measure social support for diet and exercise behaviors. Prev Med. 1987;16:825–836.Article PubMed
27. Sallis JF, Hovell MF, Hofstetter CR. Predictors of adoption and maintenance of vigorous physical activity in men and women. Prev Med. 1992;21:237–251.Article PubMed
28. Wilcox S, Castro C, King AC, Housemann R, Brownson RC. Determinants of leisure time physical activity in rural compared with urban older and ethnically diverse women in the United States. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2000;54:667–672.Article PubMed PMC

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A Study on Exercise Behavior, Exercise Environment and Social Support of Middle-Aged Women

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2008;38(1):101-110. Published online February 28, 2008

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.1.101

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A Study on Exercise Behavior, Exercise Environment and Social Support of Middle-Aged Women

Table 1

Characteristics of the Subjects (N=207)

BMI=body mass index.

Table 2

Exercise Behavior, Exercise Environment, and Social Supports of the Subjects

Table 3

Differences in Exercise Environment and Social Support between Regular Exercise Group and Non-regular Exercise Group

^*p<.05.

Table 4

Differences in Exercise Environment and Social Support by Exercise Stages

PC=precontemplation; C=contemplation; PA=preparation; A=action; M=maintenance.

^*p<.05.

Table 1 Characteristics of the Subjects (N=207)

BMI=body mass index.

Table 2 Exercise Behavior, Exercise Environment, and Social Supports of the Subjects

Table 3 Differences in Exercise Environment and Social Support between Regular Exercise Group and Non-regular Exercise Group

^*p<.05.

Table 4 Differences in Exercise Environment and Social Support by Exercise Stages