Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Original Articles

Exploratory Study on Developing Model for Smoking Cessation Process: Hyun Soo Oh, Young Ran Kim; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(1):71-82. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.1.71

In this paper, the study model, which presents the patterns of how the changing mechanisms are adopted to the changing stages of smoking cessation, was developed modifying the integrative model of Prochaska et al.(1983) with including seven changing mechanisms which were identified by Oh and Kim(1996). Then the developed study model was exploratively tested with 155 University student between 20 and 29 years of age subjects. According to the study results, among the five mechanisms, which are significant in explaining the differences between stages, DUNCAN post-comparison showed that the least applied ones were Stimulus Control, Self Determinism, Cognitive Restructuring in the precompletion stage, and Reinforcement and Dramatic Relief, in the relapsed stage. In the contemplation stage, it was observed that Dramatic Relief is used most frequently and that the other two mechanisms, Information Management and Cognitive Restructuring, showed different results from those inferred in the study hypothesis. In the case of Information Management, it was excluded from the analysis it was not included in explaining significant difference among changing stages, but Cognitive Reconstruction turns out to be a more frequently used mechanism in the action stage rather than in the contemplation stage. Helping Relationship was also excluded in the post-comparison analysis since it was not included in explaining significant difference among changing stages and Reinforcement was a more frequently used mechanisms in the contemplation stage. Stimulus Control turns out to be the connecting mechanism which was most frequently used in both the contemplation and action stages. Self Determination was most frequently used in the action stage rather than in both the contemplation stage and action stage, differing from the presumption of the model. Lastly, subjects in the relapsed stage were utilizing Stimulus Control and Self Determination at the same level as subjects in the precontemplation stage, and the utilization of both Reinformcement and Dramatic Relief was lower than that of the precontemplation stage, that is at the lowest level. Only Cognitive Restructuring was used of the same level as the contemplation stage. The relapsed stage in this study did not represent the preparation for action stage as presumed in the model of Prochaska et. al.(1983) but did show a pattern similar to the initial stage of smoking cessation, However, since this interpretation about the relapser was based on only a small number of relapsers(n=5), this conclusion may not be reliable.

Citations

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Factors Associated with the Preparation Stage to Quit Smoking among College Smokers
Kyung-Shin Paek, Young-Sook Kwon
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2011; 22(2): 173. CrossRef
The Characteristics of Smoking Cessation Behavior by the Stage of Change in Industrial Workers
Hyerim Kim, Inhyae Park, Seoyoung Kang
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2010; 21(1): 63. CrossRef

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Changing Mechanisms Corresponding to The Changing Stages of Smoking Cessation: Hyun Soo Oh, Young Ran Kim; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1996;26(4):820-832. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1996.26.4.820

Abstract PDF

The average smoking rate for Adults' in our country is 40.6%: It is 74.2% for men and 5.0% for women. Particularly, the smoking rate for men is reported higher than that of men in U. S. A. or Japan. Since the first report on the association between smoking and cancer appeared, 370 thousand smokers have succeeded in smoking cessation and over 90% of them have responded that they depended on a self-help smoking cessation approach. Despite this positive evidence about self-help approaches for smoking cessation, most studies on smoking cessation have focused on evaluation of formal treatment programs that are provided by clinics. Reports on the smoking cessation process used by smokers in our country could not be found. However, it is believed that the situation in our country would be quite similar to that in U.S.A. as far as approaches to successful smoking cessation are concerned. This study was conducted to classify the smoking stage to which they smoker belong and which changing mechanisms could be included at each changing stage (precontemplation stage, comtem-plation stage, action stage) with a sample of 155 college students between 20 and 29 years old. And it also identified which variables related both to smoking pattern and to health, which ones were significantly discriminating in the changing stages. From the results of the data analysis it was found that Self-Determination is the most influential variable as one of the changning mechanisms which can discriminate three changing stages. And as the next significant mechanisms were Reinforcement, Dramatic Relief, Cognitive Restructuring, Helping Relationship, and Information Management in that order. Among variables related to the smoking pattern, years of regular smoking, whether smoking is continued or not even when they are sick, the number of attempts to stop smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and whether they have smoked over 100 cigarettes up to now, but not the time of the first cigarette after waking-up, were the significant factors to descriminate changing stages. It was confirmed that among variables related to health that, perceived control for health, confidence of health maintence ability, and self confidence in smoking cessation, were significant variables in determinating changing stages. The most influential variables among them was self-confidence in smoking cessation. Conclusively, it was shown that smoking cessation is the process of attempting to change smoking habits through the various changing processes. Also it can be shown that a few factors smoking habit, self-confidence of smoking cessation, and belief in self control of his/her health, were influential in discriminating the changing stages of the smoking habit.

Citations

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Effectiveness of a mobile app-based educational intervention to treat internet gaming disorder among Iranian adolescents: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Amir H. Pakpour, Sara Fazeli, Isa Mohammadi Zeidi, Zainab Alimoradi, Mattias Georgsson, Anders Brostrom, Marc N. Potenza
Trials.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Development of tailored nutrition information messages based on the transtheoretical model for smartphone application of an obesity prevention and management program for elementary-school students
Ji Eun Lee, Da Eun Lee, Kirang Kim, Jae Eun Shim, Eunju Sung, Jae-Heon Kang, Ji-Yun Hwang
Nutrition Research and Practice.2017; 11(3): 247. CrossRef
Factors Associated with the Preparation Stage to Quit Smoking among College Smokers
Kyung-Shin Paek, Young-Sook Kwon
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2011; 22(2): 173. CrossRef
The Characteristics of Smoking Cessation Behavior by the Stage of Change in Industrial Workers
Hyerim Kim, Inhyae Park, Seoyoung Kang
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2010; 21(1): 63. CrossRef

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The Effect of Life Smoking Cessation Program- multidisciplinary approach: Sung Rae Shin, Dong Sup Lee, Jung Hwan Park; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(1):110-121. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.1.110

Abstract PDF

This study was designed to develop the life moking cessation program with multidisciplinary approach using the Bandura's theory of self-efficacy and confirm the effect of it on the self-efficacy and smoking amount in college students. For this purpose non-equivalent control group, pretest-posttest design was used. The participating subjects in this study were 46 male college freshmen, 23 in experimental and 23 in control group. The experimental group received the 8 sessions of lecture and small group discussions for 4 weeks and a telephone coaching program for a period of 8 weeks. The control group received 5 sessions of lecture without further treatments. The data was collected from March 15 to June 11, 1999, and analysed by SAS/PC program with X2 test, simple t, paired t test. The results were as follows. 1. The score of self-efficacy was significantly increased over time in the experimental group than those of the control group. 2. The amount of urine cotinine was decreased over time in the experimental group, number of cigarettes smoked a day were significantly decreased, and they were significantly less than those of the control group. In conclusion it was found that the Life Smoking Cessation Program with Multidisciplinary Approach was an effective nursing intervention for increasing self efficacy and reducing the amount of smoking in male college students. Therefore, future smoking cessation programs should always consider the concept of self-efficacy and ways to positively reinforce it.

Citations

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The Effects of Knowledge about the Harmfulness of Smoking and Attitude Toward Smoking Temptation for Middle School Students
Koung Oh Chang, Eun Kyung Byun, Nae Young Lee, So-Young Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2010; 21(4): 522. CrossRef
Construction of the Structural Equation Model on Substance Use in Adolescents
Jeongyee Bae, Panuncio Rosel
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(3): 446. CrossRef
Multidisciplinary Practice Experience of Nursing Faculty and Their Collaborators for Primary Health Care in Korea
Mi Ja Kim, Hyang-In Cho Chung, Yang Heui Ahn
Asian Nursing Research.2008; 2(1): 25. CrossRef

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A Study on Health-related Quality of Life, Smoking Knowledge, Smoking Attitude, and Smoking Cessation Intention in Male Smokers: Myoung Sook Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(2):344-352. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.2.344

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was conducted to examine the relationship among health-related quality of life, smoking knowledge, smoking attitude, and smoking cessation intention in male smokers.

Method

The subjects were 259 male smokers in J city. The data was collected using structured questionnaires from Nov. to Dec. of 2003. The data was analyzed by the SPSS (ver.10.0)computer program, and it included descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and Stepwise Multiple Regression.

Result

The smoking cessation intention had a significant positive correlation among health-related quality of life (r=.159), smoking knowledge (r=.161), and smoking attitude (r=.127). These variables account for 26.8% of smoking cessation intention.

Conclusion

These results suggested that the smoking cessation program to enhance the health-related quality of life, smoking knowledge, and smoking cessation intention and to increase a negative influence on smoking attitude need to be developed. Therefore, these findings give useful information for constructing a smoking cessation program in male smokers.

Citations

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Differences in Oral Health and Generalized Anxiety Disorder According to Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Public Places
Yu-Rin Kim, Kyeung-Ae Jang
Behavioral Sciences.2023; 13(6): 455. CrossRef
Tobacco Related Knowledge Is Associated with Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) and Intention to Quit among Korean Smokers: Findings from 2016 ITC Korea Survey
Yoon-Jung Choi, Hong Gwan Seo, Yeol Kim, Eun young Kim, Geoffrey T Fong, Mi Yan, Pete Driezen
Journal of the Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.2018; 9(S1): S31. CrossRef
A Study on the Factors Related to Smoking and Smoking Conditions among College Students in Some Area
Kyeong-Ah Kim
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(8): 465. CrossRef
Factors Associated with Intention to Quit Smoking in Community-dwelling Male Adult Smokers
Hye-Ran Ahn
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2015; 26(4): 364. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Intention to Quit Smoking in Stroke Patients: Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior
Jin-hyun Bae, Eun Su Do, Young Soo Seo
Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2014; 16(1): 49. CrossRef
Pathway Analysis on the Influence of Health Promoting Behavior(HPB) and Depression Cognitive Scale(DCS) on Smoking Cessation Thoughts and Intention to Quit Smoking of College Students who Smoke
Hee-Jeong Kim, Se-Jin Ju, Gyeong-Suk Kim, Mi-Ok Kim, Yu Mi, Jeong-Hyeon Choi
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2013; 14(4): 1830. CrossRef
Relationship of Knowledge, Attitude, Correct Metered Dose Inhaler Use, and Self-management Compliance among Patients with COPD
Min-Hee An, Ja-Yun Choi
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2012; 24(2): 160. CrossRef
Factors Affecting Preparation Stage to Quit Smoking in Men
Jeong-Woon Yeon, Hyeongsu Kim, Kunsei Lee, Sounghoon Chang, Heejung Choi, Eunmi Ham, Jun Pyo Myong
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2012; 42(3): 377. CrossRef
Influencing Factors on Health Related Quality of Life in Middle Age
Hae-Kyung Chang
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2012; 24(4): 339. CrossRef
Survey on Adolescents' Knowledge and Attitudes as related to Temptation toward Cigarette Smoking
Hye Young Ahn, Joohyun Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2009; 15(4): 367. CrossRef

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Effectiveness of a Smoking Cessation Program for Adolescents: Soyaja Kim, Kyoung Ah Nam, Mia Seo, Hyun Hwa Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(4):646-654. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.4.646

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a comprehensive smoking cessation program for Korean adolescents.

Method

The study design was quasi-experimental with one pre and three post-tests. The three posttests were done immediately after, three months later, and six months after the completion of the program. A total of 43 high school students who smoked participated in the study with 22 in the experimental group and 21 in the control group. The smoking cessation program consisted of 9 sessions with content on enhancement of self-efficacy, stress management, correction of distorted thoughts, consciousness raising, and assertiveness training. The study variables were urine cotinine levels, self-efficacy, stress, and stages of changed behavior.

Results

Urine cotinine levels significantly decreased in the experimental group after the program (F=3.02, p=.06) but significantly increased in the control group (F=6.32, p=.004). Self-efficacy and the degree of stress did not change in either group. The stages of smoking cessation behavior tended to change when compared with raw data for the experimental group. For most participants, the stages of change had been precontemplation and contemplation, but changed to action and maintenance stage among the experimental group.

Conclusion

The program was effective in smoking cessation and influencing stages of change but did not change psychosocial factors such as self-efficacy and stress. It is suggested a program should be developed to change psychosocial variables on a long-term basis. It is also desirable to involve peers and families of adolescents who smoke when planning programs to enhance social support.

Citations

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Does adding a psychosocial cessation intervention to an existing life-skills and tobacco-prevention program influence the use of tobacco and supari among secondary school students?: Findings from a quasi-experimental trial in Mumbai, India
Nilesh Chatterjee, Himanshu Gupte, Gauri Mandal, Tshering Bhutia
Tobacco Prevention & Cessation.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

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The Effects of a Group Smoking Cessation Program among Adult Smokers in a Rural Community: Nam Sook Seo, Young Hee Kim, Hae Young Kang; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(7):1139-1148. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.7.1139

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a community-based group smoking cessation program among adult smokers in a rural community.

Method

The study design was quasi-experimental with a pre and posttest. A total of 55 adult smokers participated in the study. They were evaluated 1, 3, and 6 months after the program to identify the long-term effectiveness of the program. The program consisted of a total of 5 sessions provided twice a week. To test the effectiveness of the program, urine creatinine, expired air carbon monoxide, nicotine dependence, and smoking-related knowledge were used as dependent variables. Data was analyzed with the SPSS 10.0 program with a t-test, paired t-test, and Scheffe test.

Result

Urine creatinine, expired air carbon monoxide, and nicotine dependence were significantly decreased after the program. Also, the rates of continuous abstinence were 81.8% at posttest, 65.5% at 1 month, 54.5% at 3 months, and 54.5% at 6 months follow-up.

Conclusion

This community-based group smoking cessation program implemented by a nurse and smoking cessation counselors was effective for quitting smoking and decreasing urine creatinine and nicotine dependence. Therefore, this smoking cessation program could be recommended to induce smoking cessation as health promotion management in the rural community.

Citations

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Effects of Smoking Cessation Education for Patients with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Won-Hee Jun, Hyun-Suk Yun
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2012; 24(3): 274. CrossRef
Smoking Relapse and Related Factors Within One Year Among Successes of the Smoking Cessation Clinics of Public Health Centers
Mi Jag Kim, Ihn Sook Jeong
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2011; 44(2): 84. CrossRef
A Short-Term Effectiveness of Smoking Cessation Intervention in Outpatient Department of Pulmonology
Chang Dong Yeo, Hyeon Hui Kang, Ji Young Kang, Sung Kyoung Kim, Myung Sook Kim, Seung Soo Kim, Sang Haak Lee, Hwa Sik Moon
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2011; 71(2): 114. CrossRef
The role of social support and social networks in smoking behavior among middle and older aged people in rural areas of South Korea: A cross-sectional study
E Hwa Yun, Yoon Hwa Kang, Min Kyung Lim, Jin-Kyoung Oh, Jung Min Son
BMC Public Health.2010;[Epub] CrossRef
Power Analysis in Experimental Designs with t test Analysis
Jeong-Hee Kang, Kyung-Sook Bang, Sung-Hee Ko
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2009; 15(1): 120. CrossRef

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A Survey on Frequencies of Smoking Cessation Intervention for Patients Among Clinical Nurses: Sung Rae Shin, Pok Ja Oh; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(1):144-150. Published online February 28, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.1.144

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was conducted to 1) find out the characteristic of smoke related characteristics of nurses. 2) find out the frequency of Smoking cessation intervention delivered by nurses. 3) compare the differences in mean scores of smoking cessation interventions by general characteristics.

Method

The survey questionnaire was mailed out to nurses who were working at the randomly selected hospitals throughout the country from November 28, 2003 to February 15, 2004.

Result

0.6% of nurses were current smokers 40.7% of nurses have attended smoking cessation education. Nurses who were older, had masters degree, had oncology experience, higher position, participated in smoking cessation education, and had smoking related disease among family members were variables related to higher frequencies in delivering tobacco interventions.

Conclusion

Although nurses are in an important position in delivering tobacco interventions and provide resources, their participation in consistent delivery of an intervention is less than desirable. To help nurses to participate in the assessment of tobacco use and interventions for cessation, the development of educational program is necessary.

Citations

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Factors Affecting Korean Registered Nurses' Intention to Implement Smoking Cessation Intervention
Sook-Hee Choi, Yun-Hee Kim
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2016; 7(1): 63. CrossRef
Simulation-based smoking cessation intervention education for undergraduate nursing students
Min Sohn, Youngmee Ahn, Heami Park, Mijin Lee
Nurse Education Today.2012; 32(8): 868. CrossRef

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