Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Effects of Oral Gargling with Aroma Solution in Psychiatric Inpatients: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial: Jung, Yun Ah , Kim, Hee Sook; J Korean Acad Nurs 2020;50(2):200-209. Published online April 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2020.50.2.200

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of oral gargling with an aromatic solution on xerostomia, objective oral status, and oral health-related quality of life in psychiatric inpatients.
Methods
A nonequivalent control group with a non-synchronized design was used in this study. The experimental group (n=34) received oral gargling with an aroma solution, while the control group (n=33) gargled with 0.9% normal saline. Dependent variables were measured at pre-, post-, and follow-up test. Data were analyzed using an c2-test, Fisher’s exact probability test, t-tests, and repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS/WIN v.21.0.
Results
After the intervention, significant differences were revealed in xerostomia (F=15.30, p <.001), objective oral status (F=38.44, p <.001), and oral health-related quality of life (F=62.70, p <.001) with an interaction effect between group and time.
Conclusion
These findings indicate that gargling with an aroma solution is more effective than 0.9% normal saline for the oral health of psychiatric inpatients. Therefore gargling with an aroma can be safely recommended as a brief, economical, and positive intervention in clinical settings.

Effects on Salivation, Xerostomia and Halitosis in Elders after Oral Function Improvement Exercises: Young Jin Kim, Kyung Min Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(6):898-906. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.6.898

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of Oral Function Improvement Exercises on salivation, xerostomia and halitosis in elderly people.
Methods
The participants in the study were 48 female community-dwelling elders in D city. The Oral Function Improvement Exercises were given 3 times a week, for a total of 24 times from August to October 2011. Spitting method, Visual Analogue Scale, and halimeter (mBA-21) were used to evaluate the effects of Oral Function Improvement Exercises on salivation, xerostomia, and halitosis. The data were analyzed using χ²-test and t-test with the SPSS program.
Results
The experimental group had significantly better salivation, and less xerostomia and halitosis than the control group.
Conclusion
The results indicate that Oral Function Improvement Exercises were effective for salivation, xerostomia and halitosis in the elders. Therefore, it was suggested that Oral Function Improvement Exercise are applicable in a community nursing intervention program to improve the quality of life for elders.

Degree of Dry Mouth and Factors Influencing Oral Health-related Quality of Life for Community-Dwelling Elders: Myung Sook Park, Se Ang Ryu; J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(5):747-755. Published online October 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.5.747

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study was conducted to investigate the degree of dry mouth and oral health-related quality of life and to identify factors contributing to oral health-related quality of life for community-dwelling elders.
Methods
A descriptive correlational study design was used. Participants were 156 older adults from two senior welfare centers. Data were collected on February 21, 22 and 29, 30, 2009 using structured questionnaires. Enter type multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing oral health-related quality of life according to general and oral health characteristics.
Results
There were significant differences in oral health-related quality of life according to living arrangement, insurance, smoking, number of natural teeth, and denture type. The oral health-related quality of life had significant correlations with the number of chronic disease, number of medications, and dry mouth. Factors influencing oral health-related quality of life for community-dwelling older adults were dry mouth, number of chronic disease, and medical aid, which explained about 47.9% of total variance.
Conclusion
These results indicate that in order to promote oral health-related quality of life for older adults, prevention or management of chronic diseases as well as oral health and dry mouth are needed for this population, and especially economically poor elders.

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