The purpose of this study was to identify how internal and external coping resources influenced active coping in the process of stress-coping. The model was established theoretically by comparing and integrating the following theories : Stress-Coping, Self-Care, and Resourcefulness. The subjects consisted of sixty eight patients undergoing chemotherapy(experimental group 34, control group 34) at two general hospitals from January to July, 1995, The results were as follows : After self-care education, the active coping score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group. The active coping score of the high resourcefulness group was significantly higher than that of the low resourcefulness group. The interaction effect between self-care education and resourcfulness was not significant statistically. Specifically as to such scores of seeking social support, problem-oriented strategy and self care behavior, there were significantly higher in the experimental group and high resourcefulness group than in each of the other groups. Considering them both, self-care education and resourcefulness are effective nursing strategies to promote active coping including self-care. Consequently, the synthesis and testing of theories of stress-coping, self-care, and resoucefulness in this study are mostly proven to enhance the explanation and prediction of the change of active coping including self-care. Therefore the result of this study will contribute in the development of practice theory of nursing. A further study is necessary to reevaluate the interaction effect between self-care education and resourcefulness and to identify the difference between resourcefulness and self-efficacy.

Resourcefulness was analyzed by Walker and Avant's method to make a theoretical framework for nursing. Also, the appropriate Korean terminology was identified. "Resourcefulness" means the ability to use internal and external resources to eliminate or to control stress. 'Resourcefulness' is chosen to be the most appropriate term to reflect the concept of resourcefulness. Upon the concept analysis availability, controllability, confidence, and self-instruction were identified as the defining characteristics of resourcefulness. Contrary to other work, "availability" means the ability to use the social resources as well as the internal cognitive-behavioral resources. "Controllability" means the ability to delay or control immediate gratification of one's needs or to divert one's own mood in order to solve problem. "Confidence" is the self-efficacy belief in one's control ability. "Self-instruction" is the cognitive ability to instruct oneself positively. Resourcefulness is learned by active experience, vicarious experience, and formal or informal instruction or a need for change. As a result of the use of resourcefulness, the target behavior performed immediately and ultimately improve the quality of life or adaptation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the instrument including the defining attributes identified in this study. Also, it is necessary to simultaneously analyze the related concepts of self-efficacy, self-control, and self-regulation for appropriate use.

The purposes of this study were to describe systematically 18 years of oncology nursing research in Korea and suggest it's direction in future. 149 nursing studies published from 1980 to 1998 were selected for the present study. There were examined the source and the design of study, type of subjects, measurement variables, the intervention outcome of experimental research, and theme of qualitative research. The results were as follows : 1. 121 of 149 studies were composed of master thesis and dissertation of graduate school. There were 55 correlations, 30 descriptions, 19 comparisons, 19 qualitative studies and 2 Q-methods as the type of research design. 2. Cancer patients without describing specified diagnose as subjects' characteristic were 44 of total studies. The others had various diagnoses such as gastric cancer, uterine cancer, breast cancer, leukemia, Iymphoma, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. According to treatment type. patients receiving chemotherapy were the highest number distribution as 53 of all researches. 3. Most measurement instruments used for research were translated it into Korean that developed by foreigners, such as Zung's depression. Spielberg's anxiety, and Wallston's locus of control. 4. Quality of life was shown the most frequently among correlational researches. the next one was depression the third was hope, and so on. 5. There was the most frequent comparison between cancer and non-cancer patients in comparative researches. It was surveyed those variables as diet habits, risk factors, stressful life events, anxiety and depression and self-care capacity between two groups. 6. The subjects were mostly chemotherapy Patients as 15 of 24 experimental studies. Oral care and education were respectively the highest experimental interventions. 7. Qualitative researches about cancer were reported since 1991. Their themes were illness experience, adaptation process, dying experience, family experience, hope. caring, experience of health behavior, meaning of chemotherapy and experience of cancer survivor. Phenomenologic methodology was designed above 50% of qualitative researches. According to the above findings, cancer research had increased since 1990 and done mostly by descriptive design but a few experimental studies. As recommendations for the future, It is necessary to study the comparison of oncology nursing research internationally. the replication to establish the effect of nursing intervention and the family care of cancer patient.

The purpose of this study was to verify the reliability and validity of the Rosenbaum self-control schedule(SCS) for assessing resourcefulness in Korea and to explore the simplified scale. The study subjects consisted of 787 adults in a community. The data was collected during the period from Oct. to Dec., 1995 and analyzed as Cronbach alpha item correlation with total, Perarson correlation and factor analysis with varimax rotation using SAS. Results were as follows : The mean SCS score for this sample was 17.2 and there were statistical differences for gender(men, 13.1 ; women, 20.0) on the SCS scores. The cronbach alpha of SCS with 36 items was .74 and when simplified with 30 items, it's coefficient alpha was .78. The translated content of the SCS was validated by two nursing faculty members and one professor of psychology. Factor analysis revealed the most parsimonious structure was obtained when six factors were extracted and subsequently rotated via the varimax criterion. There was 40.2% of total communality variance in the SCS with 36 items. The total communality variance was slightly increased to 43.4% with 30 items of the SCS. In order to reduce from 36 items to 30 items, the process excepted 6 items having low item correlation with total and low MSA(means of sampling adequacy) of factor analysis. According to factor analysis, there are six factors such as emotion control, impulse control, self-efficacy, coping with problems, pain control and satisfaction control. The SCS was found to have low, but statistically significant, correlations with social desirability and helplessness. From the above results, it can be concluded that the reliability of the SCS(inherent and simplified) was a acceptable level and its validity was reasonable when comparing it with other validity studies. To determine the usefulness the simplified scale, further study is necessary to simultaneously compare and analyze both scales for stability.

The purpose of this study was to identify how students majoring in nursing perceive cause of cancers and the effects of diet for preventing cancers. Data for the study were collected by 651 nursing students, who were registered in the second and third year in three technical colleges and third and fourth year in two universities. The research instruments included items on general characteristics of subjects, items about the degree of perception of the frequency of cancer onset and items on the perception of mortality, risk factors, preventive diets, knowledge, and high risk factor for cancer in specific body areas. The findings of this study are as follows : 1. Almost all subjects(92.8%) reported that the frequency of cancer onset increases and that it is 93.9% for people over 40. Degree of perception about cancer mortality was low at 33.0%. 2. As far as the perception of risk factors for cancer onset was concerned, smoking, stress, heredity, family history, and alcohol were rated high, over 80.0%. Risk factor in clouding, virus, hormones, pesticides were rated as low. 3. As to the perception of risk factor for body area as associated with diet salted and scorched food were rated at 44.5% for stomach cancer, alcohol, 50.4% for liver cancer, smoking, 72.8% for lung cancer, pregnancy times, 25.3%, and marriage age, 23.0% for uterine cancer, and no delivery experience, 40% for breast cancer. 4. The knowledge score for cancer was between 12 and 36, with a mean score of 26.75(SD=4.13). There was a statistically significant difference between experience in caring for cancer patients during clinical practice and knowledge score(t=3.09, p=.002).