Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Original Articles

Development and Validation of the Communication Behavior Scale for Nurses Caring for People with Dementia: Jihye Lee, Moonhee Gang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(1):1-13. Published online January 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.1.1

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Communication Behavior Scale for nurses caring for people with Dementia (CBS-D).

Methods

Based on communication accommodation theory, the initial items were generated through a literature review and interviews with 20 experts. Content and face validity of the initial items were assessed. Data from 486 nurses caring for people with dementia were analyzed using item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, criterion-related validity, and internal consistency.

Results

The final scale consisted of 18 items and four factors (discourse response management, interpersonal control, emotional expression, and interpretability) that explained 57.6% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the theoretical model with 18 items satisfied all goodness-of-fit parameters. Criterion-related validity was shown by the Global Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale (r=.506, p<.001). Cronbach's alpha for the total scale was .88.

Conclusion

The CBS-D can be used to measure the communication behavior of nurses caring for people with dementia.

Citations

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The influence of socio-cognitive mindfulness, moral sensitivity and dementia communication behaviors on dementia nursing performance of nurses in long-term care hospitals: a cross-sectional study
Hyun Ju Bong, Mikyoung Lee
BMC Nursing.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors influencing shared decision-making in long-term care facilities
Da Eun Kim, Min Jung Kim
BMC Geriatrics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Nursing students' experiences as dementia partners in volunteer activities: An inductive content analysis
Dooree Kim, Yunhee Park
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2020; 26(2): 146. CrossRef

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Development of an Instrument to Assess the Quality of Childbirth Care from the Mother's Perspective: Geum Hee Jeong, Hyun Kyoung Kim, Young Hee Kim, Sun-Hee Kim, Sun Hee Lee, Kyung Won Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(1):38-49. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.1.38

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study aimed to develop an instrument to assess the quality of childbirth care from the perspective of a mother after delivery.

Methods

The instrument was developed from a literature review, interviews, and item validation. Thirty-eight items were compiled for the instrument. The data for validity and reliability testing were collected using a questionnaire survey conducted on 270 women who had undergone normal vaginal delivery in Korea and analyzed with descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, and reliability coefficients.

Results

The exploratory factor analysis reduced the number of items in the instrument to 28 items that were factored into four subscales: family-centered care, personal care, emotional empowerment, and information provision. With respect to convergence validation, there was positive correlation between this instrument and birth satisfaction scale (r=.34, p<.001). The internal consistency reliability was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha =.96).

Conclusion

This instrument could be used as a measure of the quality of nursing care for women who have a normal vaginal delivery.

Citations

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Maternal Health Effects of Internet-Based Education Interventions during the Postpartum Period: A Systematic Review
Jung Mi Chae, Hyun Kyoung Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2021; 32(1): 116. CrossRef
Internet-based prenatal interventions for maternal health among pregnant women: A systematic review and meta-analysis
JungMi Chae, Hyun Kyoung Kim
Children and Youth Services Review.2021; 127: 106079. CrossRef
Development and Evaluation of Prenatal Education for Environmental Health Behavior Using Cartoon Comics
Hyun Kyoung Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Mirim Kim, Seohwa Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2021; 51(4): 478. CrossRef
Development and Effect of Nurse-Centered Doula Support Program for Mothers with Natural Childbirth: PILOT TEST
Jimi Park, Ho Ran Park
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Comparison of the Quality of Nursing Care as Perceived by Pediatric Nurses and Mothers of Hospitalized Children
So Yeon Yoo, Yae Young Kim, Haeryun Cho
Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(4): 373. CrossRef

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Development of Job Satisfaction Scale for Clinical Nurses: Byoung-Sook Lee, Yong-Sook Eo, Mi-Aie Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(1):12-25. Published online January 15, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.1.12

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study was performed to develop the Job Satisfaction Scale for Clinical Nurses (JSS-CN) and verify its validity and reliability.

Methods

A preliminary 42-item version of the JSS-CN was developed through literature reviews and in-depth interviews. The draft scale was developed using thirty-seven items selected following content validity evaluation. Finally, thirty-three items with response options on a 5-point Likert scale were selected based on internal consistency reliability and construct validity. Subsequently, the test-retest reliability and convergent validity of the JSS-CN were verified.

Results

Six factors, namely, recognition from the organization and professional achievement, personal maturation through the nursing profession, interpersonal interaction with respect and recognition, accomplishment of accountability as a nurse, display of professional competency, and stability and job worth, were identified, which explained 59.7% of the total variance. The JSS-CN's Cronbach's a for the total scale was .95, and the intra-class correlation coefficient was .90. The correlation coefficient between the scores of the JSS-CN and Slavitt's scale was .75, and that between the JSS-CN and job performance was .53.

Conclusion

Results showed that the JSS-CN has good reliability and validity. Therefore, it is concluded that the JSS-CN could be a useful tool for the measurement of the job satisfaction of clinical nurses in Korea.

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A Validation Study of the Korean Version of the Jefferson Empathy Scale for Health Professionals for Korean Nurses: Hye-Ran Ryu, Kyung-Sook Bang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(2):207-214. Published online April 29, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.2.207

Abstract PDF

Purpose

To validate the Korean Version of the Jefferson Empathy Scale for Health professionals (K-JSE-HP) in a sample of Korean nurses.

Methods

Internal consistency reliability, construct and criterion validity were calculated using SPSS (22.0) and AMOS (22.0). Data were collected from 253 nurses (230 women, 23 men) working at one university hospital in Seoul, South Korea.

Results

The Korean version of JSE-HP showed reliable internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha for the total scale of .89, and .74~.84 for subscales. The model of three subscales for the K-JSE-HP was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (χ²=864.60, Q=6.55, p<.001, CFI=.94, NNFI=.92). Criterion validity compared to the Interpersonal Reaction Index (IRI) showed significant correlation.

Conclusion

The findings of this study demonstrate that the Korean JSE-HP shows satisfactory construct and criterion validity and reliability. It is a useful tool to measure Korean nurses' empathy.

Citations

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The Impact of an Empathy Education Programme on Empathy, Communication Skills and Emotional Competency in Nursing Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Eun Jeong Ko, Eun Ji Seo, Youngjin Lee, Jiyeon Ha, Suno Kim, Jin-Hee Park
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Víctor P. Díaz-Narváez, Joyce Huberman-Casas, Jorge Andrés Nakouzi-Momares, Chris Alarcón-Ureta, Patricio Alberto Jaramillo-Cavieres, Maricarmen Espinoza-Retamal, Blanca Patricia Klahn-Acuña, Leonardo Epuyao-González, Gabriela Leiton Carvajal, Mariela Pad
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Psychometric Properties and Item Evaluation of Korean Version of Night Eating Questionnaire (KNEQ): Beomjong Kim, Inja Kim, Heejung Choi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(1):109-117. Published online February 29, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.109

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The aim of this study was to develop a Korean version of Night Eating Questionnaire (KNEQ) and test its psychometric properties and evaluate items according to item response theory.

Methods

The 14-item NEQ as a measure of severity of the night eating syndrome was translated into Korean, and then this KNEQ was evaluated. A total of 1171 participants aged 20 to 50 completed the KNEQ on the Internet. To test reliability and validity, Cronbach's alpha, correlation, simple regression, and factor analysis were used. Each item was analyzed according to Rasch-Andrich rating scale model and item difficulty, discrimination, infit/outfit, and point measure correlation were evaluated.

Results

Construct validity was evident. Cronbach's alpha was .78. The items of evening hyperphagia and nocturnal ingestion showed high ability in discriminating people with night eating syndrome, while items of morning anorexia and mood/sleep provided relatively little information. The results of item analysis showed that item2 and item7 needed to be revised to improve the reliability of KNEQ.

Conclusion

KNEQ is an appropriate instrument to measure severity of night eating syndrome with good validity and reliability. However, further studies are needed to find cut-off scores to screen persons with night eating syndrome.

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Vojkan Aleksic, Marija Milic, Jelena Dotlic, Biljana Jeremic, Branislav Djerkovic, Ivan Radic, Ana Karanovic, Ljiljana Kulic, Milivoje Galjak, Tatjana Gazibara
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Methodological Issues in Questionnaire Design: Youngshin Song, Youn-Jung Son, Doonam Oh; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(3):323-328. Published online June 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.3.323

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The process of designing a questionnaire is complicated. Many questionnaires on nursing phenomena have been developed and used by nursing researchers. The purpose of this paper was to discuss questionnaire design and factors that should be considered when using existing scales.

Methods

Methodological issues were discussed, such as factors in the design of questions, steps in developing questionnaires, wording and formatting methods for items, and administrations methods. How to use existing scales, how to facilitate cultural adaptation, and how to prevent socially desirable responding were discussed. Moreover, the triangulation method in questionnaire development was introduced.

Results

Steps were recommended for designing questions such as appropriately operationalizing key concepts for the target population, clearly formatting response options, generating items and confirming final items through face or content validity, sufficiently piloting the questionnaire using item analysis, demonstrating reliability and validity, finalizing the scale, and training the administrator. Psychometric properties and cultural equivalence should be evaluated prior to administration when using an existing questionnaire and performing cultural adaptation.

Conclusion

In the context of well-defined nursing phenomena, logical and systematic methods will contribute to the development of simple and precise questionnaires.

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A Validation Study of the Modified Korean Version of Ethical Leadership at Work Questionnaire (K-ELW): Jeong-Eon Kim, Eun-Jun Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(2):240-250. Published online April 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.2.240

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to validate the Korean version of the Ethical Leadership at Work questionnaire (K-ELW) that measures RNs' perceived ethical leadership of their nurse managers.

Methods

The strong validation process suggested by Benson (1998), including translation and cultural adaptation stage, structural stage, and external stage, was used. Participants were 241 RNs who reported their perceived ethical leadership using both the pre-version of K-ELW and a previously known Ethical Leadership Scale, and interactional justice of their managers, as well as their own demographics, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, reliability coefficients, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. SPSS 19.0 and Amos 18.0 versions were used.

Results

A modified K-ELW was developed from construct validity evidence and included 31 items in 7 domains: People orientation, task responsibility fairness, relationship fairness, power sharing, concern for sustainability, ethical guidance, and integrity. Convergent validity, discriminant validity, and concurrent validity were supported according to the correlation coefficients of the 7 domains with other measures.

Conclusion

The results of this study provide preliminary evidence that the modified K-ELW can be adopted in Korean nursing organizations, and reliable and valid ethical leadership scores can be expected.

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Seunghoon Ryu
Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation.2024; 24(6): 145. CrossRef
Influence of Ethical Leadership of Nursing Unit Managers on Job Embeddedness of Staff Nurses: Focusing on Mediating Effect of Trust in Supervisor
Sunmi Kim, Seohee Jeong, Seok Hee Jeong, Myung Ha Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2021; 27(1): 21. CrossRef
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Young Hee Lee, Suk Hyung Bryan Lee, Jong Yong Chung
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Yujin Jang, Younjae Oh
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Sang Hee Jeon, Mihyun Park, Kyungok Choi, Mi Kyoung Kim
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Impact of Superior's Ethical Leadership as Perceived by Nurses on Nursing Performance: Mediating Effect of Faith in Supervisor
Miyoung Kim, Hyung-Eun Seo, Eun-Young Doo, Won-Jin Ju
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2017; 23(5): 483. CrossRef
Influence of Head Nurses' Ethical Leadership on Job Satisfaction among Staff Nurses: Mediating Effect of Affective Commitment
Min Jung
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2016; 22(5): 553. CrossRef

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Measurement Properties of Self-report Questionnaires Published in Korean Nursing Journals: Eun-Hyun Lee, Chun-Ja Kim, Eun Jung Kim, Hyun-Ju Chae, Soo-Yeon Cho; J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(1):50-58. Published online February 28, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.1.50

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate measurement properties of self-report questionnaires for studies published in Korean nursing journals.

Methods

Of 424 Korean nursing articles initially identified, 168 articles met the inclusion criteria. The methodological quality of the measurements used in the studies and interpretability were assessed using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. It consists of items on internal consistency, reliability, measurement error, content validity, construct validity including structural validity, hypothesis testing, cross-cultural validity, and criterion validity, and responsiveness. For each item of the COSMIN checklist, measurement properties are rated on a four-point scale: excellent, good, fair, and poor. Each measurement property is scored with worst score counts.

Results

All articles used the classical test theory for measurement properties. Internal consistency (72.6%), construct validity (56.5%), and content validity (38.2%) were most frequently reported properties being rated as 'excellent' by COSMIN checklist, whereas other measurement properties were rarely reported.

Conclusion

A systematic review of measurement properties including interpretability of most instruments warrants further research and nursing-focused checklists assessing measurement properties should be developed to facilitate intervention outcomes across Korean studies.

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A Psychometric Validation of the Korean Version of Disaster Response Self-Efficacy Scale for Nursing Students
Sung Hae Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(4): 2804. CrossRef
Discharge Readiness Scale for Parents of High-Risk Infants: A Systematic Review
Ki-Eun Kim, Hyejung Lee, Na-Young Jeon
Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Child Health.2022; 26(4): 205. CrossRef
Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of Assessment of Health Literacy in Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening
Hye Sook Shin, Eunlim Chi, Hae-Ra Han
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2021; 51(6): 769. CrossRef
A Systematic Review of Measurement Properties of Spirituality related Assessment Tools Published in Korean Journals
Il-Sun Ko, Jin Sook Kim, Soyoung Choi
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Systematic Review of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index used for Measuring Sleep Quality among Adults with Trauma Experiences
Go-Un Kim, Ju Hee Lee
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Reliability and validation of the Korean Compassionate Communication Scale
Hae-Kyung Jo, Sook Kyoung Park, EunJu Song
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Kyung-Sook Bang, Sungjae Kim, Yeseul Jeong, Min Kyung Song, Gumhee Lee, Jihee Lim
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Properties of the Measures to Assess Oxaliplatin-induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Literature Review
Sang Hui Chu, Yoon Ju Lee, Young Joo Lee, Charles S. Cleeland
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2015; 45(6): 783. CrossRef

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Psychometric Properties of Korean Minimal Insomnia Screening Scale: Inja Kim, Sungjae Kim, Beomjong Kim, Heejung Choi; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(6):853-860. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.6.853

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purposes of this study were to develop a Minimal Insomnia Screening Scale for Korean adults (KMISS) and to evaluate psychometric properties and discriminant ability of the developed scale.

Methods

Data from a cross-sectional survey of 959 Korean adults were analyzed to develop the summated insomnia scale, which was evaluated in terms of reliability, validity, and discriminant ability by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

Item-total correlations ranged between .71-.79 and Cronbach's α was .87. Adequate validity was also evident. ROC-curve analysis showed area under ROC was .87 (95% CI: .84-.90) and identified the optimal cut-off score as ≤ 20 (sensitivity, .83; specificity, .75; positive/negative predictive values, .40/.95). Using this cut-off score, the prevalence of insomnia in the study sample was 26.3% and most frequent among women and the oldest group.

Conclusion

Data supports the psychometric properties of KMISS as a possible insomnia screening instrument. KMISS also shows promise as a convenient ultra-short screening measure of insomnia for adults and epidemiological studies in community health care settings.

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Assessing Sleep Quality Using Mobile EMAs: Opportunities, Practical Consideration, and Challenges
Jiyoun Lim, Chi Yoon Jeong, Jeong Muk Lim, Seungeun Chung, Gague Kim, Kyoung Ju Noh, Hyuntae Jeong
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Factors that Influence Sleep among Residents in Long-Term Care Facilities
Da Eun Kim, Ju Young Yoon
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(6): 1889. CrossRef
Psychometric Properties of the Korean Versions of Three Sleep Evaluation Questionnaires
Heejung Choi, Sungjae Kim, Beomjong Kim, Inja Kim
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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Sleep Disturbance in Community Dwelling Adults in Korea
Heejung Choi, Beomjong Kim, Inja Kim
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2013; 25(2): 183. CrossRef

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Monitoring the Use of Health-Related Quality of Life Measurements in Korean Studies of Patients with Diabetes: Eun-Hyun Lee, Chun-Ja Kim, Soo-Yeon Cho, Hyun-Ju Chae, Sunhee Lee, Eun Jung Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(4):558-567. Published online August 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.4.558

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to monitor the use of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) instruments in Korean studies of patients with diabetes.

Methods

Of 86 Korean studies initially identified, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. For each study, a description of the instrument and its psychometric properties were monitored by the Instrument Review Criteria of the Scientific Advisory Committee. These criteria include conceptual definition, attributes, taxonomy, reliability, validity, responsiveness, administrative mode, and language adaptations.

Results

Five generic and one diabetes specific type questionnaires were identified from the 17 studies. Of those studies, conceptual definitions with the attributes of multi-dimension and subjectiveness were provided for 11 studies (71%). In the analysis of conceptual taxonomy, only 6 studies were classified as HRQOL, while other studies were done as QOL or health status. In monitoring of psychometric properties, reliability, validity, and responsiveness were reported for 88.2%, 64.7%, and 29.4%, respectively. One generic instrument was developed with a Korean population, while the other instruments were developed for Western countries. However, language adaptations were performed for only a few of the instruments.

Conclusion

The psychometric properties including responsiveness of most instruments warrants further research, and the development of diabetes-specific HRQOL measurements should be sought to facilitate intervention outcomes across Korean studies of patients with diabetes.

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Factors affecting the health status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving insulin treatments: A multi‐mediation path analysis
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Factors Related to Perceived Health Status in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Ang Li Won, Seung Hyun Yoo, Myoung Soon You
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2014; 31(3): 1. CrossRef
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Chul-Hyun Cho, Young Jae Lim
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Development and psychometric evaluation of a diabetes-specific quality-of-life (D-QOL) scale
Eun-Hyun Lee, Young Whee Lee, Kwan-Woo Lee, Dae Jung Kim, Soo-Kyung Kim
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2012; 95(1): 76. CrossRef

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Development of a Questionnaire to Measure Resilience in Children with Chronic Diseases: Dong Hee Kim, Il Young Yoo; J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(2):236-246. Published online April 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.2.236

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a Korean questionnaire to measure resilience in children with chronic illness.

Methods

Item construction was drawn from an extensive review of the literature, existing questionnaires and interviews with parents. Content validity was tested by experts. To further refine the questionnaire and test its reliability and validity, data were collected from the 202 children with asthma, diabetes mellitus or nephrotic syndrome. Corrected items were used to total correlation coefficient and test-retest reliability. Questionnaire testing was conducted using factor analysis, Cronbach's α, and correlation coefficients. Validity of the questionnaire was tested using internal consistency, construct validity, and criterion-related validity.

Results

Components of the questionnaire were in three domains; interpersonal characteristics, characteristics of coping, and intrapersonal characteristics. Factor analysis is showed five factors; positive self-understanding, self-reliance, resourcefulness, perception of positive family relationships, and intimacy. The questionnaire showed a high internal consistency. A significant positive correlation with the Numerical Rating Score and negative correlation with the Child Depression Inventory support the validity of the questionnaire.

Conclusion

This instrument demonstrated high reliability and validity. Therefore, this instrument can contribute to the evaluation of resilience of chronically ill children and to any subsequent intervention as well as to develop a theory for resilience.

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Journal of Renal Care.2023; 49(4): 243. CrossRef
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Youngrye Park, Eun Hee Jang, Ji Ok Kim
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2018; 30(5): 555. CrossRef
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Mi Mi Park, Jee-Won Park
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Sung Sil Hong, Ho Ran Park
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Dong Hee Kim, Yeo Jin Im
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Predictors of Resilience in Adolescents with Cancer.
Young Ok Park, Gwi Ryung Son Hong, Young Ran Tak
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Yeo Jin Im, Dong Hee Kim
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Hyun-Jung Yun, Il-Young Yoo, Eui-Geum Oh
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