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Review Article
Effect of Autogenic Training for Stress Response: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Eunju Seo, Soukyoung Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(4):361-374.   Published online January 15, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.4.361
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of autogenic training on stress responses through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted using eight core electronic databases (Embase, CENTRAL, Medline, CINAHL, PsycInfo, DBpia, KISS, and RISS). To estimate the effect size, a meta-analysis of the studies was performed using RevMan 5.3.5 program.

Results

A total 21 studies out of 950 studies were included in the review, and 11 were included for meta-analysis. These studies showed that autogenic training decreased anxiety and depression, and increased the high frequency of heart rate variability. Calculations to understand the effect of autogenic training on anxiety, through a meta-analysis, observed a reduction effect of anxiety score by 1.37 points (n=85, SMD=-1.37: 95% CI -2.07 to -0.67), in the studies on short-term intervention targeting healthy adults. On the other hand, similar calculations to understand the effect of autogenic training on depression observed, a reduction effect on the depression score by 0.29 point (n=327, SMD=-0.29: 95% CI -0.50 to -0.07), in the studies on long term intervention targeting the patient group.

Conclusion

Autogenic training is effective for adults’ stress management, and nurses will be able to effectively perform autogenic training programs for workers’ stress relief at the workplace.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • A peer-led group intervention based on relaxation (soRELAX) to improve well-being and mental health in nursing students: A mixed method pilot study
    Maria Pilar Ramirez Garcia, Jérôme Leclerc-Loiselle, Christine Genest, Etienne Paradis-Gagné, Caroline Larue, Marikim Poitras-Crête, Sylvie Corbeil, Camille Saseville
    Journal of Professional Nursing.2025; 57: 8.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Autogenic Training on Pain Modulation in Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Preliminary Study
    Keita Takizawa, Kana Ozasa, Kohei Shimizu, Noboru Noma
    Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Strengthening psychological resilience: The effectiveness of autogenic training of community pharmacists
    Dragana Jocic
    Vojnosanitetski pregled.2024; 81(11): 696.     CrossRef
  • Ampliación del Informe de Sanidad: Evidencia Sobre la Seguridad y Eficacia del Entrenamiento Autógeno
    Juan Manuel Guiote, Miguel Angel Vallejo Pareja, Blanca Mas
    Papeles del Psicólogo - Psychologist Papers.2024; 45(3): 172.     CrossRef
  • Autogenic Training in Mental Disorders: What Can We Expect?
    Dagmar Breznoscakova, Milana Kovanicova, Eva Sedlakova, Maria Pallayova
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(5): 4344.     CrossRef
  • The effects of online enactive education on secondary school students
    Deborah R. Vivo
    The Journal of Educational Research.2023; 116(4): 230.     CrossRef
  • Self-reported symptom burden in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): A narrative review of observational and interventional studies
    Iris Knoop, Federica Picariello, Emma Jenkinson, Nicholas Gall, Claudia Chisari, Rona Moss-Morris
    Autonomic Neuroscience.2023; 244: 103052.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy of Individualized Sensory-Based mHealth Interventions to Improve Distress Coping in Healthcare Professionals: A Multi-Arm Parallel-Group Randomized Controlled Trial
    Hannes Baumann, Luis Heuel, Laura Louise Bischoff, Bettina Wollesen
    Sensors.2023; 23(4): 2322.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Autogenic Training in a Form of Audio Recording on Sleep Quality and Physiological Stress Reactions of University Athletes—Pilot Study
    Kamila Litwic-Kaminska, Martyna Kotyśko, Tadeusz Pracki, Monika Wiłkość-Dębczyńska, Błażej Stankiewicz
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(23): 16043.     CrossRef
  • Combined effect of autogenic relaxation and aerobic exercise on postmenopausal hypertension: A randomized clinical trial
    Shreen R Aboelmagd, Afaf M Botla, Hossam ELdine Hussein, Sahar M. Ali, Nehad A. Abo-Zaid
    International journal of health sciences.2022; 6(S10): 2314.     CrossRef
  • Temporomandibular Myofascial Pain Syndrome—Aetiology and Biopsychosocial Modulation. A Narrative Review
    Paulina Golanska, Klara Saczuk, Monika Domarecka, Joanna Kuć, Monika Lukomska-Szymanska
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(15): 7807.     CrossRef
  • To stress or not to stress: Brain-behavior-immune interaction may weaken or promote the immune response to SARS-CoV-2
    Eva M.J. Peters, Manfred Schedlowski, Carsten Watzl, Ulrike Gimsa
    Neurobiology of Stress.2021; 14: 100296.     CrossRef
  • Non‐pharmacologic treatment of insomnia in primary care settings
    Laura Hrehová, Kamal Mezian
    International Journal of Clinical Practice.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Single Session of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Produced Greater Increases in Heart Rate Variability Than Autogenic Training
    I-Mei Lin, San-Yu Wang, Sheng-Yu Fan, Erik Peper, Sui-Pi Chen, Ching-Yu Huang
    Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback.2020; 45(4): 343.     CrossRef
  • A Multimodal Stress-Prevention Program Supplemented by Telephone-Coaching Sessions to Reduce Perceived Stress among German Farmers: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial
    Marita Stier-Jarmer, Cornelia Oberhauser, Dieter Frisch, Götz Berberich, Thomas Loew, Carina Schels-Klemens, Birgit Braun, Angela Schuh
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(24): 9227.     CrossRef
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Original Articles
The Effects of Laughter Therapy Program on Perceived Stress, and Psycho-Neuro-Endocrino-Immuno Responses in Obese Women
Do Young Lee, Myung Sun Hyun
J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(3):298-310.   Published online January 15, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.3.298
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the laughter therapy program on perceived stress and psycho-neuro-endocrine-immune responses in obese women.

Methods

A nonequivalent control group with a pretest-posttest design was used. The participants (n=60), whose age ranged from 30 to 50 years (pre-menopausal and body mass index of over 25 kg/m2), were assigned to the experimental group (n=24) or control group (n=26). The experimental group was provided with the laughter therapy program (12 sessions) for 6 weeks.

Results

There were significant differences in perceived stress, psychological stress response, fasting blood sugar, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha between the two groups after the program. However, there were no significant differences in normalized low frequency (norm LF), normalized high frequency (norm HF), LF/HF ratio, and cortisol between the two groups after the program.

Conclusion

It was found that the laughter therapy program had positive effects on some variables in terms of perceived stress and psycho-neuro-endocrine-immuno responses. It is suggested that the laughter therapy in this study can provide the direction for developing a program for obese women.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The Effects of Laughter Yoga on Happiness and Stress in Nursing Students Going into Clinical Practice for the First Time
    Betul Bal, Canan Demirci, Gamze Gulsum Kilicli
    Journal of Holistic Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The effects of acupressure, laughter yoga, and a mindfulness-based stress reduction program applied to postmenopausal women for menopause symptoms and quality of life
    Hacer U. Koca, Didem S. Kucukkelepce, Gulcin Nacar, Nurdilan S. Çetin, Sermin T. Taşhan
    Menopause.2024; 31(10): 879.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Laughter Yoga on Vasomotor Symptoms and Sleep Quality in Menopausal Women
    Ahu Aksoy-Can, Tuba Güner-Emül, Filiz Değirmenci, Aysu Buldum, Aslıhan Aksu, Duygu Vefikuluçay-Yılmaz
    Holistic Nursing Practice.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Development and Effects of a Laughter Therapy Program for Middle-aged Women Hospitalized in Psychiatric Wards
    Do Young Lee, Ju Hyun Woo
    Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2024; 33(3): 273.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Short-term Urban Forest Experiences by Season on Stress and Affective Response of University Students
    Eunjin Kim, Hwayong Lee
    Journal of People, Plants, and Environment.2023; 26(4): 433.     CrossRef
  • Laughter as medicine: A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies evaluating the impact of spontaneous laughter on cortisol levels
    Caroline Kaercher Kramer, Cristiane Bauermann Leitao, Fares Alahdab
    PLOS ONE.2023; 18(5): e0286260.     CrossRef
  • Seasonal Forest Changes of Color and Temperature: Effects on the Mood and Physiological State of University Students
    Eunjin Kim, Hwayong Lee
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(14): 6338.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a laughter programme with entrainment music on stress, depression, and health-related quality of life among gynaecological cancer patients
    Yong Jin Lee, Myung Ah Kim, Hye-Ja Park
    Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice.2020; 39: 101118.     CrossRef
  • Effects of aromatherapy on stress, fructosamine, fatigue, and sleep quality in prediabetic middle-aged women: A randomised controlled trial
    Myung-Haeng Hur, Jun Hwa Hong, SeongHee Yeo
    European Journal of Integrative Medicine.2019; 31: 100978.     CrossRef
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The Effects of Neurofeedback Training on Physical, Psychoemotional Stress Response and Self-Regulation for Late Adolescence: A Non-Randomized Trial
Moon-Ji Choi, Wan-Ju Park
J Korean Acad Nurs 2018;48(2):208-220.   Published online January 15, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.2.208
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract Purpose

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of neurofeedback training for reducing stress and enhancing self-regulation in late adolescence to identify the possibility of use for nursing intervention.

Methods

A nonequivalent control group pre-post quasi-experimental design was used. Participants were 78 late adolescents assigned to the experimental group (n=39) that received the neurofeedback training and the control group (n=39). Data were collected on heart rate variability (HRV) and skin conductance level (SCL) to assess stress-biomarker response. The questionnaire contained 164 items from: Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and Self-regulatory Ability scale. The neurofeedback training was based on the general adaptation syndrome and body-mind medicine. The intervention was conducted in a total of 10 sessions for 30 minutes per session with high-beta, theta and sensory motor rhythm training on scalp at central zero.

Results

There were significant difference in standard deviation of normal to normal interval (p=.036) in HRV and SCL (p=.029) of stress-biomarker response between the two groups. Negative affect (p=.036) in PANAS and obsessive compulsive (p=.023) and depression (p<.001) in SCL-90-R were statistically significant. Self-regulation mode (p=.004) in self-regulation ability scale showed a significant difference between the two groups.

Conclusion

The results indicated that the neurofeedback training is effective in stress-biomarkers, psy-choemotional stress response and self-regulation. Therefore, neurofeedback training using neuroscientific approach based on brain-mind-body model can be used as an effective nursing intervention for late adolescents in clinics and communities for effective stress responses.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effects of Stepwise Combined Biofeedback Training on Attention and Self-control of High School Students Based on the Reflection and Reflexion Model
    Shin-Jeong Park, Wanju Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2024; 33(4): 442.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Biofeedback Training on Attention, Affect Balance, Academic Delay Behavior, and Problem-Solving Ability of Korean College Students
    Jungmin Lee, Youngkyoung Kim, Wanju Park
    Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2024; 38(2): 150.     CrossRef
  • Vagally-mediated heart rate variability and depression in children and adolescents - A meta-analytic update
    Luise Baumeister-Lingens, Roxana Rothe, Lena Wolff, Alexander L. Gerlach, Julian Koenig, Christine Sigrist
    Journal of Affective Disorders.2023; 339: 237.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of QEEG Findings before and after Onset of Post-COVID-19 Brain Fog Symptoms
    Marta Kopańska, Danuta Ochojska, Renata Muchacka, Agnieszka Dejnowicz-Velitchkov, Agnieszka Banaś-Ząbczyk, Jacek Szczygielski
    Sensors.2022; 22(17): 6606.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Electroencephalogram Biofeedback on Emotion Regulation and Brain Homeostasis of Late Adolescents in the COVID-19 Pandemic
    Wanju Park, Mina Cho, Shinjeong Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2022; 52(1): 36.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of the Combined Biofeedback and Brief Emotion Regulation Nursing Intervention Based on the Gross Model for Sexually Abused Adolescents
    Jieun Kim, Wanju Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2022; 52(6): 608.     CrossRef
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Effect of an Integrated Stress Management program on the Stress Symptoms on the Stress Symptoms, Progressive Muscle Relaxation Method
Kuem Sun Han
Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(2):289-302.   Published online March 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.2.289
AbstractAbstract PDF

The main purpose of this study was to identify the effects of integrated stress management program on the stress symptoms of psychophysiological patients, especially patients with peptic ulcer. The study employed a quasi -experimental design using two different experiential groups. The samples in the integrated stress management program participated in autogenic training with biofeedback, discussions on effective coping method, cognitive, behavioral, and emotional management. They were also provided with an educational booklet on stress management and an tape on progressive muscle relaxation. Exch session lasted one hour and the program consisted of seven sessions over four weeks. The other group was only given an tape on progressive muscle relaxation. The data were collected from May 20 to september 25, 1996 A total 47 patients from ore university hospital located in Seoul participated, experiment group 1 (integrated stress management training) had 23 subjects and experiment group 2(progressive muscle relaxation training) had 24 subjects. The effects of these programs were measured by the stress symptom scale developed by Kogan(1991) which was translated by Lee(1892) and the healing status of the ulcer evaluated by a physician The data were analyzed using Chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA, repeated measure ANOVA. The result are as follows : 1. The integrated stress management group reported a significantly lower stress symptom score than the group given the progressive muscle relaxation only. 2. The integrated stress management group showed a significantly improved ulcer status as compared to the group given a progressive muscle relaxation only. In conclusion, it was found that the integrated stress management program was more effective in decreasing self-reported stress and physiological symptoms among patients with peptic ulcer as compared to the progressive muscle relaxation group. Based on this finding, the following suggestions can be made. 1. It is necessary to broaden the scope of nursing Practice for psychophysiological patients so nurses can include stress management as part of Patient care. 2. It is necessary to develop stress management Program for other patients whose symptoms are know to be related to stress. 3. It is necessary to replicated this study with a larger sample in different settings.

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Effect of Korean Traditional Dance Movement Training on Psychophysiological Variables in Korean Elderly Women
Mi Yang Jeon, Myoung Ae Choe
Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1996;26(4):833-852.   Published online March 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1996.26.4.833
AbstractAbstract PDF

Regular long term dance movement could be one of ways to induce improvement of psychophysiological variables, resulting in improvement of quality of life. However, there have been few studies to evaluate the effect of dance movement training on both physiological and psychological variables in the elderly. This study was focused to determine the effect of Korean traditional dance movement training on psychophysiological variables-body weight, body fat, lean body mass, muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, agility, resting heart rate and blood pressure, depression and life satisfaction-in Korean elderly women. Thirty four subjects, aged between 65 and 75years who have normal cognition, sensory function, cerebellum function, cardiovascular function, participated in this study. Seventeen experimental group subjects were selected from E-elderly university in Kyung Gi province, and Seventeen control group subjects were selected from N -welfare facility in Seoul City. Seventeen experimental group subjects participated for 12weeks dance movement program. Korean traditional dance movement program was developed on the basis of Korean traditional dance and music by the author. The program consisted of approximately 50minutes of dance, 3times a week for 12weeks. During 50minutes workout, there were 15minutes of warm-up dancing, 25minutes of conditioning dance and 10minutes of cool-down dancing. The intensity for the conditioning phase was at between 60% and 65% of age-adjusted maximum heart rates. The body weight, body fat, lean body mass, muscle strength(grip strength, leg strength), muscle endurance, flexibility, agility, resting heart rate and blood pressure, depression and life satisfaction were measured prior to and following the experimental treatment. The participants in dance movement were interviewed focusing on subjective feeling following 12 week's regular dance movement. Data were analyzed with mean, standard deviation, percentage of change, X2-test, t-test, and ANCOVA test using SPSS PC+ program. Subjec tive feeling was categorized into cognitopsy-chological and physiological responses. Results were obtained as follows: 1) The body weight(F=15.52, p=.000), body fat (F=18.33, p=.000) and lean body mass(F=7.28, p=.011) of the experimental group were significantly lower than those Of the control group following the dance movement training. 2) The leg strength (F=30.96, p=.000), muscle endurance (F=9.06, p=.005), agility(F=44.92, 000), flexibility(F=6.84, p=.014) of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group following the dance movement training. There was no significant difference of grip strength (F=. 43, p=.515) between experimental and control groups. 3) The heart rate(F=26.96, p=.000), systolic (F=10.40, p=.000) and diastolic(F=3.99, p= .005) blood pressure at rest of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group following the dance movement training. 4) No significant difference of score of depression (F=3.49, p=.071) was observed between experimental and control groups. 5) Score of life satisfaction of experimental group was remarkably higher than that of control group following 12weeks of dance movement training (p<0.05). 6) Thematic responses about the dance movement following the training were positive. "I feel good" was the most frequent among cognitopsychol-ogical responses and "I feel lightness of body" was the most frequent among physiological responses. The results suggest that Korean traditional dance movement training can improve psychophysiological variables of Korean elderly.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The Effect of Dance Sports Program on Physical Function, Cognition, Depression and Quality of Life in Rural Elderly Women
    Yun-Hee An, Nam-Soo Hong, Hee-Jung Yoon
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2020; 45(4): 385.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Aerobic Exercise Therapy on Physical Functions in the Elderly
    Sook Hee Jung, Kyung Hee Chung
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2010; 21(2): 252.     CrossRef
  • Retracted:Effects of Exercise Program on Physical Fitness, Depression, and Self‐Efficacy of Low‐Income Elderly Women in South Korea
    Kyung Rim Shin, Younhee Kang, Hyo Jung Park, Margaret Heitkemper
    Public Health Nursing.2009; 26(6): 523.     CrossRef
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Fatigue and its Related Factors in Patients on Hemodialysis
Hye Ryoung Kim
Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1996;26(1):53-72.   Published online March 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1996.26.1.53
AbstractAbstract PDF

The Purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of fatigue and the relationship between fatigue and related factors in patients on hemodialysis. This study was a survey study using a cross-sectional design. The subjects for this study were 101 patients on hemodialysis who were registered in the six hemodialysis clinics among a total of eleven clinics in Seoul. The period of data collection was from February 28, 1995 to May 2, 1995. Data were collected through an interview with a structured packet and the physiological data. The tools used in this study were the Visual Analogue Scale-Fatigue developed by Lee et al(1990) and translated by Lee (1991), the fatigue interview schedule developed by this reseacher, Zung's self rating depression scale (Zung, 1965), the self-efficacy scale developed by Sherer et al(1982) and the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire (NSSQ) translated by Oh (1984). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency, range), Pearson correlation coefficients and Stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows: 1. Characteristics of Fatigue of hemodialysis patients: 1) 79 of 101 hemodialysis patients complained fatigue. 2) The mean fatigue score as measured by the VAS-F was 36.2mm. 3) The mean duration of fatigue was 2.9 hours 2. Characteristics of fatigue related factors: 1) The physiologic factor which included Hgb, Hct, BUN, creatinine, potassium and inter-dialytic weight gain deviated from normal range. 2) The psychological factor which included depression and self-efficacy was about the same level as for patients with other chronic diseases. 3) The environmental factor which included social support had wide variation. 3. The relationship between fatigue and related factors: 1) Interdialytic weight gain in the physiological factor was the only valuable with fatigue (p<.05) 2) The relationship between fatigue and the psychological factor of depression showed a positive and strong correlation (p<.05). According to the findings of this study, fatigue was highly correlated with the depression, This indicates that nurses should try to assess and control psychological factors when patients complain of fatigue rather than just considering physiological factors. Nursing has to develop effective nursing interventions to reduce fatigue in patients with chronic diseases using the relationship between fatigue and physiological, psychological and environmental factors.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The Effect of Dialysate Flow Rate on Dialysis Adequacy and Fatigue in Hemodialysis Patients
    Sun Mi Cha, Hye Sook Min
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2016; 46(5): 642.     CrossRef
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Effects of Hand Reflexology on Physiological Emotional Responses and Immunity in the Patients with Chronic illness; Chronic renal failure patients and Cancer patients
Chung Hee Lee, Sei Young Oh, Ok Soon Park, In Gak Kwon, Mi A Jeong, Eun A Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(5):716-726.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.5.716
AbstractAbstract PDF

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of hand reflexology on the physiological?emotional responses and immunity of the patients with chronic illness. This study looked specifically at patients with chronic renal failure(CRF) and cancer patients. METHOD: This study was designed as a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group pre and post test. Subjects were 54 patients who received dialysis and chemotherapy in one hospital. Thirty-one patients were assigned to the experimental group and 23 to the control group. The hand reflexology was applied to both hands of the experiment group for ten minutes each time, 5 times during three days. For data collection, physiological lab levels, immune cells of blood and questionnaires for emotional responses were measured before and after the program. RESULT: BT of the experiment group was decreased significantly on both of the 1st and the 5th application. PR and BP were decreased significantly on the 1st times, but not 5th times. Hb levels of the experimental group were significantly increased. And emotional responses, vigor and mood scores of the experiment group were significantly increased. B cell and CD19 were increased significantly on the experiment group. Suppressor T cell and NK cell showed significant decrease after the program, but no significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSION: We have found that the hand reflexology helps the chronic patients to improve physiological emotional responses and the immune reaction. Through this result, the hand reflexology is effective as a intervention of psychoneuroimmunologic function.

Citations

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  • The Effect of Reflexology Applied to Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on Dyspnea and Fatigue
    Hatice Polat, Seher Ergüney
    Rehabilitation Nursing.2017; 42(1): 14.     CrossRef
  • The effect of reflexology applied on haemodialysis patients with fatigue, pain and cramps
    Gülistan Özdemir, Nimet Ovayolu, Özlem Ovayolu
    International Journal of Nursing Practice.2013; 19(3): 265.     CrossRef
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A Study on Physiological Parameters, Health Perception, and Health Behavior of Adults in Kyungi Province Area
Ae Kyung Han, Dong Sook Cho
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(4):631-640.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.4.631
AbstractAbstract PDF

PURPOSE: The purpose was to investigate the physiological parameters and health perception of adults in Kyungi province area, and the correlation between these variables. The subjects were 95 adults who participated voluntarily in the health examination program.
Methods
The instruments for this study were physiological parameters, which were composed of blood pressure, blood sugar, and body fat. The health perception scale developed by Ware (1976), and the health practice performance scale developed by Chang et al. (1999). Results: The average blood pressure was 137/85mmHg, the average blood sugar was 108.56mg/dl, and the average body fat arm sunt was 27.08% in males, and 30.07% in females. There were significant negative correlation between health perception and blood sugar (r=-2.36, p=.01), and body fat (r= -2.77, p=.001). There were significant positive correlations between blood pressure and health behavior (r=2.76, p=.001). However a significant correlation between health perception and health behavior was not found. Of the sociodemographic characteristics, sex (F=5.42, p=.01), and marital status (F=3.29, p=.04) were related to blood pressure. Also sex (F=4.17, p=.04) was related to body fat, and sex (t=4.04, p=.03) was related to health perception and disease status (t=4.33, p=.040). Thus having a relationship with health behavior.
CONCLUSION
It is suggested that health perception provide important information about health status. However, this study has not shown a correlation between health perception and health behavior. Therefore further research is needed to find the other variables related to health behavior.

Citations

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  • Health perceptions of patients with forgotten double-J stent
    Mehmet Sezai Ogras, Kadir Yildirim
    PeerJ.2024; 12: e18156.     CrossRef
  • Relationships among Stress, Perception of Occurrence Risk of Cancer and Cancer Preventive Health Behavior in Three-Shift Nurses
    Yeon Suk Bae, So Young Choi
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2015; 15(3): 178.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Regular Physical Activity on Health Status and Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile in Male College Students
    Jung-He Nam, Myeong-Cheol Lee, Chae-Kyung Lee
    Journal of Digital Convergence.2014; 12(9): 225.     CrossRef
  • Health Behaviors by Job Stress Level in Large-Sized Company with Male and Female Workers
    Hyunju Park, Hye-Sun Jung
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(6): 852.     CrossRef
  • The Relationship between Optimistic Bias about Health Crisis and Health Behavior
    Su Ho Park, Sul Hee Lee, Eun Mi Ham
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(3): 403.     CrossRef
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The Effects of Chu-ma Therapy on Decreasing Blood Pressure in Essential Hypertension
Nam Sun Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(4):967-981.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.4.967
AbstractAbstract PDF

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of Chu-ma therapy and to suggest that the therapy is an effective nursing intervention tool to reduce blood pressure. The research design employed was the non-synchronized research method with non- equivalent control group. A total of 30 people with essential hypertension, who were from forty to sixty five years old, participated in the study. The Chu-ma therapy was administered by every day for ten or fifteen minutes for eight weeks from 19, April to 13, June in 1999. In order to evaluate the effects of Chu-ma therapy, blood pressure of the two groups were measured once a week, and physiological parameters (epinephrine, norepinephrine, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides) were measured before and after the treatment. Collected data was analyzed by SAS package. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1) There were significant decrease in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in the experimental group. 2) There were no significant changes in epinephrine, norepinephrine of the two groups. 3) There were significant decrease in total cholesterol and triglycerides, and HDL- cholesterol increased significantly in the experimental group. 4) The effect of Chu-ma therapy on the measured time on the blood pressure in experimental group was as follows: Both of systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly decreased after 5weeks. The result proved that Chu-ma therapy is an effective nursing intervention tool for clients with essential hypertenion. However further research is still necessary to compare the effect with the different periods and number of times for Chu-ma therapy.

Citations

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  • Effects of a Qi Massage Program on the Physio-psychological State of Industrial Employees with Hypertension
    Yoon Ju Han, Kyung Sook Kang
    Journal of East-West Nursing Research.2014; 20(2): 73.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Aroma inhalation on Blood Pressure, Pulse Rate, Sleep, Stress, and Anxiety in Patients with Essential Hypertension
    Eun-Mi Choi, Kyung-Sook Lee
    Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2012; 14(1): 41.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Hypertension Self-help Program on Hypertension-related Knowledge, Self-efficacy, Self-management Compliance and Physiological Parameters in Workers
    Mi-Young Gi, Young-Hae Park
    Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2012; 21(1): 1.     CrossRef
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The Effects of Kangaroo Care on Body Weight, Physiologic Responses and Behavioral States in Premature Infants
Hyun Young Koo
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(1):171-182.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.1.171
AbstractAbstract PDF

This study was performed to investigate the effect of kangaroo care on body weight, physiological responses and behavioral states in premature infants. The subjects were 32 premature infants, fifteen for the kangaroo care group and seventeen for the control group, who hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit at a university-affiliated hospital. The kangaroo care was applied 8 times during the twenty five days with 40 minutes for each session. The kangaroo care provides the skin-to-skin contact during which a premature infant wearing a diaper and a hat is placed on its mother's chest. As for the measures, body weight was measured everyday. The levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine and 17-OHCS were measured twice, before beginning the first intervention and after finishing the last intervention. While each session of the care is undergoing, such physiological responses were measured periodically as heart rate, respiration rate, oxygen saturation, core temperature and skin temperature. The results were as follows : 1. The weight gain was significantly greater in the kangaroo care group than that in the control group during the period of performing the kangaroo care. 2. No significant difference was revealed between the two groups in heart rate, respiration rate, oxygen saturation and core temperature. The kangaroo care group also showed significant increases in the skin temperature. 3. The differences in the levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine and 17-OHCS were not significant between the kangaroo care and the control groups. The level of norepinephrine in the two groups was significantly increased over time. 4. Sleep pattern changed significantly in the kangaroo group from a very restless sleep to a very quiet sleep. These results suggest that kangaroo care is an effective nursing intervention for premature infants in gaining weight, achieving stable physiological responses and facilitating a quiet sleep.

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  • Effects for kangaroo care: systematic review & meta analysis
    Junghee Lim, Gaeun Kim, Yeonghee Shin
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(3): 599.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Kangaroo Care on Mental and Motor Development in Premature Infant and Maternal Role Confidence
    신화진, Insook Park
    JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH.2013; 17(2): 215.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Kangaroo Care on Maternal Self-esteem and Premature Infants' Physiological Stability
    Jihye Lee, Kyung-Sook Bang
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2011; 17(5): 454.     CrossRef
  • Perception of Nurses and Physicians in Neonatal Intensive Care Units on Kangaroo Care
    Kyung-Sook Bang
    Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2011; 17(4): 230.     CrossRef
  • Kangaroo Care on Premature Infant Growth and Maternal Attachment and Post-partum Depression in South Korea
    H. Y. Ahn, J. Lee, H.-J. Shin
    Journal of Tropical Pediatrics.2010; 56(5): 342.     CrossRef
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The Effects of a Rehabilitation Program on Physical Health, Physiological Indicator and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Mastectomy Patients
Hyoung Sook Park, Gyoo Yeong Cho, Kyung Yeon Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(2):310-320.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.2.310
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a rehabilitation program on physical health, physiological indicators and quality of life in breast cancer mastectomy patients.

Methods

The subjects included thirty-one patients with breast cancer (17 in the experimental group and 14 in the control group). The subjects in the experimental group participated in a rehabilitation program for 10 weeks, which was composed of an exercise program, teaching, counseling and support for 2 sessions per week.

Results

There was a significant increase in flexion, internal rotation and external rotation but no significant increase in extension in the experimental group compared to the control group. The total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, and CD56 in the experimental group compared to the control group was not significantly decreased after the rehabilitation program. Compared to the control group, quality of life in the experimental group was significantly improved and fatigue in that group was significantly decreased after the rehabilitation program.

Conclusion

The 10-week rehabilitation program showed a large affirmative effect on physical health, physiological indicators and quality of life in breast cancer mastectomy patients.

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  • Relationships Among Self-Efficacy, Social Support, and Community Participation in Breast Cancer Survivors
    Hye-Mi Kim, Gyeong-A Park, Jin-Ju Park, Myung-Hwa Oh
    Journal of Korean Society of Occupational Therapy.2019; 27(4): 69.     CrossRef
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    Hui Zhang, Yuqiu Zhou, Yuxia Cui, Jinwei Yang
    International Journal of Nursing Practice.2016; 22(1): 79.     CrossRef
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    Ko-Un Kim, Hye-Won Oh
    Journal of Digital Convergence.2016; 14(9): 515.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Sensory Motor Training Using Ball Exercise on Shoulder Functions and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Women After Mastectomy
    Ji-Yoon Seo, Jong-Duk Choi
    Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine.2016; 11(4): 147.     CrossRef
  • An Analysis of Cancer Survival Narratives Using Computerized Text Analysis Program
    Dal Sook Kim, Ah Hyun Park, Nam Jun Kang
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2014; 44(3): 328.     CrossRef
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    YoungJu Rhee, EunOk Lee
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    Jin Yi Choi, Hyun Sook Kang
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2012; 42(1): 95.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Laughter Therapy on Depression, Quality of Life, Resilience and Immune Responses in Breast Cancer Survivors
    Eun A Cho, Hyun Ei Oh
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2011; 41(3): 285.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Nurse-Led Cognitive-Behavior Therapy on Fatigue and Quality of Life of Patients With Breast Cancer Undergoing Radiotherapy
    Haejung Lee, Yeonjung Lim, Myung-Sook Yoo, Yongsuk Kim
    Cancer Nursing.2011; 34(6): E22.     CrossRef
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Effects of Cycled Lighting on Body Weight, Physiological Variables and Behavioral States in Low Birth Weight Infants
In Sook Jung
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(1):143-153.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.1.143
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was aimed at finding the effects of cycled lighting on body weight, physiological variables and the behavioral state of LBWI (low birth weight infants) in the NICU.

Method

The subjects were 20 LBWI at 2 NICUs. They were assigned to an experimental or control group which consisted of 10 subjects in each. Cycled light was applied to the experimental group for 10 days.

Result

It was certified that the application of cycled lighting resulted in increased body weight and O2 saturation, and decreased heart rate of the LBWI. However, there was no effect in decrease of respiration and stabilization of the behavioral state.

Conclusion

The application of cycled lighting might be a nursing intervention which would in turn have positive effects on the growth of LBWI.

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  • Cycled light in the intensive care unit for preterm and low birth weight infants
    Iris Morag, Yu-Tian Xiao, Matteo Bruschettini
    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of Lights-Out at Night Time on Body Weight, Physiological Variables, and Behavioral Status in Premature Infants
    Kyeong Nam Lee, Bo Min Seo, Deog Hwan Moon, Ga Won Jeon, Jong Beom Sin
    Neonatal Medicine.2016; 23(2): 102.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Cycled Lighting on Circadian Rhythms of Premature Infants
    Seong-Jin Lee, Kyung-Ja Han, Kyung-Sook Bang
    Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2012; 18(2): 85.     CrossRef
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A Model on Turnover Intention of Chief Nurse Officers
Kwang-Ok Park, Jong Kyung Kim, Se Young Kim, Sunju Chang
J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(1):9-18.   Published online February 29, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.1.9
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to test the turnover intention model for chief nurse officers in general hospitals. The variables for the study included job stress, social support, job satisfaction, and organization commitment.

Methods

A predictive, non-experimental design was used with a sample of 144 chief nurse officers from 144 general hospitals. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS, AMOS program.

Results

The overall fitness of the hypothetical model to the data was good (χ2=16.80, p=.052, GFI=.96, AGFI=.90, NFI=.97, CFI=.99). Job stress, social support, job satisfaction, and organization commitment explained 59.0% of the variance in turnover intention by chief nurse officers. Both organization commitment and social support directly influenced turnover intention for chief nurse officers, and job stress and job satisfaction indirectly influenced turnover intention.

Conclusion

The results imply that chief nurse officers in hospitals need social support and management of job stress to increase job satisfaction and organization commitment, and lower turnover intention.

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    Sung-Heui Bae
    International Journal of Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Mediating effects of workgroup processes on the relationship between nurse turnover and nurse outcomes in hospitals
    Sung-Heui Bae, Suin Kim, Hwasook Myung
    Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Ju-Young Park, Jee-In Hwang
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2021; 51(1): 27.     CrossRef
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    Heeja Jung, Sun Young Jung, Mi Hyang Lee, Mi Sun Kim
    Workplace Health & Safety.2020; 68(7): 337.     CrossRef
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    Jin-Ah Han, Mi-Jin Kim
    Journal of the Korea Convergence Society.2016; 7(3): 87.     CrossRef
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    Young-Soon Kim, Kyung-Yeon Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2016; 22(4): 396.     CrossRef
  • Literature Review of Structural Equation Models for Hospital Nurses' Turnover Intention in Korea
    Eunhye Kim, Jinhyun Kim
    Perspectives in Nursing Science.2014; 11(2): 109.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Nurses' Social Capital on Turnover Intention: Focused on the Mediating Effects Organizational Commitment and Organizational Cynicism
    Jeongwon Han, Heeyoung Woo, Eunsil Ju, Sohee Lim, Sangsook Han
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(4): 517.     CrossRef
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    Yun-Young Kim, Young-Hwa Baek, Ki-Hyun Park, Jong-Hyang Yoo, Eun-Su Jang
    Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2012; 21(2): 98.     CrossRef
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Effects of Non-nutritive Sucking on the Physiological and Behavioral States of Pre-term Infants during Tube Feeding
Kyoung Hwa Joung, Il Young Yoo, Hee Soon Kim, Soo Kim, Ja Hyung Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(5):732-741.   Published online August 31, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.5.732
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was to investigate the effects of non-nutritive sucking on physiological and behavioral state of pre-term infants during tube feeding.

Method

This nonequivalent, non-synchronized experimental study included 50 pre-term infants. An attempt was made to match gestational age and birth weight of infants in each group. Infants in the experimental group were given a pacifier 2 minutes before, during, and for 2 minutes after tube feeding. Infants in the control group did not get a pacifier. Both groups were tested at three stages for changes in the physiologic state and behavioral state-2 minutes before, during, and 2 minutes after feeding. Date was analyzed with SPSS WIN 10.0 using an χ2-test, t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA.

Result

Heart rates and oxygen saturation levels of the two groups were significantly different(P=.001, P=.000). The behavioral states of the two groups were significantly different during and post feeding(P=.000, P=.000).

Conclusion

This result suggests non-nutritive sucking by using a pacifier is an effective intervention for pre-term infants during tube feeding.

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  • Oral stimulation for promoting oral feeding in preterm infants
    Zelda Greene, Colm PF O'Donnell, Margaret Walshe
    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Mental Status in High-Risk Neonates using Infants Coma Scale
    Young-Mee Ahn, Min Sohn, Sang-Mi Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(4): 561.     CrossRef
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A Study of the Relationship between Compliance with Therapeutic Regimens and Physiological Parameters of Hemodialysis Patients
Hye Sook Min, Eyn Joo Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(1):64-73.   Published online February 28, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.1.64
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was done to investigate correlations between compliance and physiological parameters of hemodialysis patients.

Method

The subjects were 102 patients on hemodialysis at 3 hospitals in B city. Data was collected using Shon(1986)'s questionnaire and measuring physiological parameters (serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, hemoglobin, albumin, potassium, phosphorus, interdialytic weight gain).

Result

Mean scores of compliance with the therapeutic regimen was 4.00±0.55 on a 5 point scale. The area of visiting hospitals and taking medicines were shown to have high compliance with therapeutic regimens; on the other hand, the areas concerning diet and symptoms were shown to be low. Interdialytic weight gain and phosphorus were significantly related to the compliance with therapeutic regimens.

Conclusion

Hemodialysis patients' therapeutic compliance was related to the physiological parameters(potassium, phosphorus, interdialytic weight gain). Therefore, these findings give hemodialysis patients useful information for raising their therapeutic compliance.

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  • Factors Affecting Hyperphosphatemia in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure Undergoing Hemodialysis
    Jihyun Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2023; 30(2): 247.     CrossRef
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    Hana Kim, Mi-Kyoung Cho
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(24): 12934.     CrossRef
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    Won-oak Oh, Insun Yeom, Sung-Hyun Lim, Dong-Seok Kim, Kyu-won Shim
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(8): 4064.     CrossRef
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    Young Ran Chae, Sun Hee Lee, Young Mi Jo, Hyo Young Kang
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2019; 31(2): 123.     CrossRef
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    Nam Hee Lee, Kyung Hee Lim
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2018; 30(6): 599.     CrossRef
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    Jeong Hwa Moon, Yun Hee Shin
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2018; 25(3): 220.     CrossRef
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    Cho Rong Gil, Kyung Mi Sung
    The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2018; 21(2): 71.     CrossRef
  • Validity and Reliability Test of the Korean Version of the Hemodialysis Self-Management Instrument (HDSMI-K)
    Jieun Cha, Jiyoung Kang
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2017; 42(2): 153.     CrossRef
  • The effects of education for hemodialysis patients with a family caregiver on self-care practice and blood biochemical parameters
    Ji Hyun Park, Hyunkyung Choi
    Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society.2016; 27(2): 487.     CrossRef
  • Relationships between compliance and health-related quality of life in patients with hemodialysis
    Jieun Cha
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(10): 6495.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Periodical and Individualized Educational Program for Long-term Hemodialysis Patient
    Hyunjung Kim, Sujin Park, Mikyung Park
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2015; 27(5): 572.     CrossRef
  • Quality of Life and Influencing Factors related to the Health in Hemodialysis Patients
    Young-Mi Chun, Sang-Youn Park
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(7): 4816.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Family Support, Self-efficacy, and Fatigue on the Quality of Life in Hemodialysis Patients

    Journal of East-West Nursing Research.2015; 21(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • The influence of Cognitive Coping on Sick Role Behavioral Compliance and Depression, Satisfaction with Life in Hemodialysis Patients
    Ji-Hyun Kim
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(2): 1328.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of Nutrition Education and Counseling on the Salty Taste Assessment, Nutrition Knowledge and Dietary Attitude of Hemodialysis Patients
    Young-Mi Lee, Yeon-Kyung Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2013; 18(4): 402.     CrossRef
  • Psychosocial influencers and mediators of treatment adherence in haemodialysis patients
    Hyun Soo Oh, Ji Suk Park, Wha Sook Seo
    Journal of Advanced Nursing.2013; 69(9): 2041.     CrossRef
  • Systematic Review of Research on Adherence among Hemodialysis Patients in Korea
    Young-Ran Yeun
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(12): 5993.     CrossRef
  • Knowledge, Compliance and Quality of Life of Mothers of Children with Atopic Dermatitis
    Min-Ju Kim, Mi-Hye Choi
    Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2011; 17(4): 272.     CrossRef
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The Effects of Foot Reflexion Massage on Sleep Disturbance, Depression Disorder, and the Physiological Index of the Elderly
Rye Hun Song, Do Hwan Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(1):15-24.   Published online February 28, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.1.15
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was to examine the effects of foot reflexion massage on sleep disturbance, depression disorder, and the physiological index of the elderly in nursing homes.

Method

The research design was a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study. The subjects in this study were 50 elderly people who resided in two different nursing homes in the same region. An experimental group and a control group were organized with 25 subjects respectively, and foot reflexion massage was provided for 12 sessions, 30 minutes per session. The selected dependent variables were sleep disturbance, depression disorder, and physiological indices(blood plasma serotonin, serum cortisol), which were all measured before and after foot reflexion massage was offered. Data analysis included χ2-test, t-test, paired t-test, and ANCOVA, using the SPSS program package.

Result

1. The experimental group improved sleep quality more than the control group. 2. The experimental group had less depression disorder than the control group. 3. The experimental group had higher serotonin levels than the control group.

Conclusion

It's necessary to give foot reflexion massage as a successful nursing intervention to elderly who undergo a change in sleep, and suffer from a depression disorder due to a deterioration in sleep.

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    Mahsa Maghalian, Maryam Alikamali, Farzaneh Aslanpur, Mojgan Mirghafourvand
    Current Women s Health Reviews.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Kyung-Tae Yoo
    Journal of The Korean Society of Physical Medicine.2022; 17(4): 27.     CrossRef
  • Non-pharmacological interventions for older adults with depressive symptoms: a network meta-analysis of 35 randomized controlled trials
    Ya-jing Chen, Xiu-xia Li, Bei Pan, Bangwei- Wang, Guang-zhuang Jing, Qian-qian Liu, Yan-fei Li, Zhi-tong Bing, Ke-hu Yang, Xue-mei Han, Long Ge
    Aging & Mental Health.2021; 25(5): 773.     CrossRef
  • Effect of foot reflexology and slow stroke back massage on the severity of fatigue in patients undergoing hemodialysis: A semi-experimental study
    Sudabeh Ahmadidarrehsima, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Hossein Ebrahimi, Maryam Keramati, Mostafa Dianatinasab
    Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Soo Jin Lee, Misoon Song, Eun-Ok Im
    Research in Gerontological Nursing.2017; 10(5): 215.     CrossRef
  • Perception Level of Foot Reflex Therapy and Its Related Factors among Customers using Foot Care Service Centers
    Young-Ho Kim, Pom-Ho Kim
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2013; 14(3): 1350.     CrossRef
  • Geriatric Foot Problems and Related Factors in Two Provinces of Korea
    Shinmi Kim, Jaehong Ahn, Sookhee Choi, Yunjung Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(2): 161.     CrossRef
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