Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Original Article

Knowledge, Perception and Health Behavior about Metabolic Syndrome for an at Risk Group in a Rural Community Area: Eui Geum Oh, So Youn Bang, Sa Saeng Hyun, Sang Hui Chu, Justin Y Jeon, Myung Sook Kang; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(5):790-800. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.5.790

Purpose

This study was to identify knowledge, perception and health behavior about metabolic syndrome for an at risk group in a rural community area.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. A total of 575 adults with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and/or abdominal obesity were recruited from 11 rural community health care centers. A questionnaire was developed for this study. Anthropometric measures were measured and blood data was reviewed from the health record.

Results

Knowledge about the metabolic syndrome was low as evidenced by only a 47% correct answer rate. Only 9% of the subjects ever heard about the disease, and 87% answered they do not know the disease at all. 87% of the subjects were not performing regular exercise, 31% drank alcohol more than once a month, 12.5% were current smokers, and 33.6% are did not have a regular health check-up.

Conclusion

Development of systematic public health care programs are needed to prevent future increases in cardiovascular complications and to decrease health care costs. These might include educational programs for the primary health care provider and an at risk group, a therapeutic lifestyle modification program, and a health screening program to identify potential groups.

Citations

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Review Article

Effects of Dietary and Physical Activity Interventions on Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-analysis: Guna Lee, Hye-Young Choi, Sook-Ja Yang; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(4):483-494. Published online August 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.4.483

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study identified effects of dietary and physical activity interventions including dietary interventions or physical activity interventions alone or combined dietary-physical activity interventions to improve symptoms in metabolic syndrome including abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low high density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated blood pressure, and elevated fasting glucose through meta-analysis.

Methods

Articles on metabolic syndrome X published from 1988 to 2013 were searched through electronic databases, Google Scholar, and reference reviews. Methodological quality was assessed by the checklist, SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network).

Results

In the meta-analysis, there were 9 articles reporting 13 interventions with 736 participants. Using random effect models, the dietary and/or physical activity interventions showed a lower mean difference in waist circumference ( - 1.30 cm, 95% CI: - 2.44~ - 0.15, p =.027). The combined dietary-physical activity interventions showed a lower mean difference in waist circumference ( - 2.77 cm, 95% CI: - 4.77~ - 0.76, p =.007) and systolic blood pressure ( - 5.44 mmHg, 95% CI: - 10.76~ - 0.12, p =.044). Additionally, interventions of over 24 weeks yielded a lower mean difference in waist circumference ( - 2.78 cm, 95% CI: - 4.69~ - 0.87, p =.004) and diastolic blood pressure ( - 1.93 mmHg, 95% CI: - 3.63~ - 0.22, p =.026).

Conclusion

The findings indicate that dietary and/or physical activity interventions for metabolic syndrome reduce central obesity with no adverse effects. This finding provides objective evidences for dietary and physical activity management on metabolic syndrome as an efficient intervention.

Citations

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Original Articles

Heart Rate Variability and Metabolic Syndrome in Hospitalized Patients with Schizophrenia: Kyunghee Lee, Jeongeon Park, Jeongim Choi, Chang Gi Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(6):788-794. Published online December 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.6.788

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Reduced heart rate variability significantly increases cardiovascular mortality. Metabolic syndrome increases the cardiac autonomic dysfunction. Recently, increasing cardiovascular mortality has been reported in patients with schizophrenia. This study was done to compare heart rate variability between adults with and without schizophrenia and to compare the relationship of heart rate variability to metabolic syndrome in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia.

Methods

This was a descriptive and correlational study in which 719 adults without schizophrenia and 308 adults with schizophrenia took part between May and June 2008. We measured the following: five-minute heart rate variability; high-frequency, low-frequency, the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency, and the Standard Deviation of all the normal RR intervals. Data was also collected on metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure and fasting glucose.

Results

The Standard Deviation of all the normal RR intervals values of heart rate variability indices were 1.53±0.18. The low-frequency and high-frequency values of heart rate variability indices were significantly higher in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia (3.89±1.36; 3.80±1.20) than those in the healthy participants (2.20±0.46; 2.10±0.46). There were no significant differences between the schizophrenic patients with and without metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that schizophrenia patients have significantly lower cardiac autonomic control, but they have significantly higher low-frequency and high-frequency values than those of healthy adults. Use of antipsychotic drug may affect the autonomic nervous system in schizophrenic patients. Metabolic syndrome was not associated with cardiac autonomic control in schizophrenia patients.

Citations

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Altered Heart Rate Variability During Rest in Schizophrenia: A State Marker
Anjum Datta, Sandeep Choudhary, Sunaina Soni, Rajesh Misra, Kiran Singh
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Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in schizophrenia: impact on cognitive and metabolic health
Nicolette Stogios, Alexander Gdanski, Philip Gerretsen, Araba F. Chintoh, Ariel Graff-Guerrero, Tarek K. Rajji, Gary Remington, Margaret K. Hahn, Sri Mahavir Agarwal
npj Schizophrenia.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Resting vagal activity in schizophrenia: Meta-analysis of heart rate variability as a potential endophenotype
Annika Clamor, Tania M. Lincoln, Julian F. Thayer, Julian Koenig
British Journal of Psychiatry.2016; 208(1): 9. CrossRef
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Cardiovascular Diabetology.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Heart rate variability and vagal tone in schizophrenia: A review
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Evaluation of autonomic nervous system by salivary alpha-amylase level and heart rate variability in patients with schizophrenia
Masa Ieda, Tsuyoshi Miyaoka, Rei Wake, Kristian Liaury, Keiko Tsuchie, Michiyo Fukushima, Tomoko Araki, Satoko Ezoe, Takuji Inagaki, Jun Horiguchi
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience.2014; 264(1): 83. CrossRef
Heart rate variability and the metabolic syndrome: a systematic review of the literature
Melanie I. Stuckey, Mikko P. Tulppo, Antti M. Kiviniemi, Robert J. Petrella
Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews.2014; 30(8): 784. CrossRef
Unraveling the Mechanisms Responsible for the Comorbidity between Metabolic Syndrome and Mental Health Disorders
Elizabeth K. Nousen, Juliana G. Franco, Elinor L. Sullivan
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Comparison of Cardiovascular Health Status and Health Behaviors in Korean Women based on Household Income: Young-Joo Park, Nah-Mee Shin, Ji-Won Yoon, Jiwon Choi, Sook-Ja Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(6):831-843. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.6.831

Abstract PDF

Purpose

In this study cardiovascular health status and health behavior of Korean women based on their household income were explored.

Methods

For this cross-sectional study, 91 women residing in the community were recruited to complete survey questionnaires and biophysical tests including blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), body fat rate, waist circumference (WC), and blood chemistry tests.

Results

Compared to non-low income women (NLIW), low income women (LIW) were more likely to be older, less educated, and jobless, and further more LIW were postmenopause and reported having been diagnosed with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia. Significant differences were found in systolic BP, triglyceride level, BMI, body fat rate, and WC between the groups. Two fifths of the LIW had indications for metabolic syndrome. Their 10-yr risk estimate of myocardioal infarction or coronary death demonstrated a higher probability than that of NLIW. Although these significant differences were due to age gap between the groups, advanced age is known to be one of the key characteristics of LIW as well as a non-modifiable risk factor.

Conclusion

Effective community programs for vulnerable women at risk of cardiovascular disease should be based on strategies targeting unhealthy behaviors and modifiable risk factors.

Citations

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Ju-Hee Nho, Eun Jin Kim
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Chi-Young Lee, Eun-Ok Im
Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing.2021; 36(1): 8. CrossRef
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Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2019; 52(5): 281. CrossRef
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Nah-Mee Shin, Ji-Won Yoon, Jiwon Choi, Younghee Park, Songi Jeon
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So Hyun Ahn, Sook Mee Son, Hye Kyeong Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2012; 17(4): 463. CrossRef

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