Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Original Articles

Effect of Ghrelin on Memory Impairment in a Rat Model of Vascular Dementia: Jong-Min Park, Youn-Jung Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(3):317-328. Published online January 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.3.317

Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of ghrelin on memory impairment in a rat model of vascular dementia induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.

Methods

Randomized controlled groups and the posttest design were used. We established the representative animal model of vascular dementia caused by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and administered 80 μg/kg ghrelin intraperitoneally for 4 weeks. First, behavioral studies were performed to evaluate spatial memory. Second, we used molecular biology techniques to determine whether ghrelin ameliorates the damage to the structure and function of the white matter and hippocampus, which are crucial to learning and memory.

Results

Ghrelin improved the spatial memory impairment in the Y-maze and Morris water maze test. In the white matter, demyelination and atrophy of the corpus callosum were significantly decreased in the ghrelin-treated group. In the hippocampus, ghrelin increased the length of hippocampal microvessels and reduced the microvessels pathology. Further, we confirmed angiogenesis enhancement through the fact that ghrelin treatment increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-related protein levels, which are the most powerful mediators of angiogenesis in the hippocampus.

Conclusion

We found that ghrelin affected the damaged myelin sheaths and microvessels by increasing angiogenesis, which then led to neuroprotection and improved memory function. We suggest that further studies continue to accumulate evidence of the effect of ghrelin. Further, we believe that the development of therapeutic interventions that increase ghrelin may contribute to memory improvement in patients with vascular dementia.

Citations

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Exploring the mechanism of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves in the treatment of vascular dementia based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation
Jienuo Pan, Jiqin Tang, Jialin Gai, Yilan Jin, Bingshun Tang, Xiaohua Fan
Medicine.2023; 102(21): e33877. CrossRef
Quercetin Alleviates Demyelination Through Regulating Microglial Phenotype Transformation to Mitigate Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Mice with Vascular Dementia
Zihu Tan, Guang Yang, Jing Qiu, Wenjing Yan, Yu Liu, Zhengling Ma, Jia Li, Jing Liu, Nan Shan
Molecular Neurobiology.2022; 59(5): 3140. CrossRef
Effect of Obesity on Cognitive Impairment in Vascular Dementia Rat Model via BDNF-ERK-CREB Pathway
Yoonju Kim, Youn-Jung Kim
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Ghrelin treatment leads to dendritic spine remodeling in hippocampal neurons and increases the expression of specific BDNF-mRNA species
M.L. Perea Vega, M.S. Sanchez, G. Fernández, M.G. Paglini, M. Martin, S.R. de Barioglio
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory.2021; 179: 107409. CrossRef

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Effects of a Memory and Visual-Motor Integration Program for Older Adults Based on Self-Efficacy Theory: Eun-Hwi Kim, Soon-Rim Suh; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(3):431-444. Published online June 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.3.431

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was conducted to verify the effects of a memory and visual-motor integration program for older adults based on self-efficacy theory.

Methods

A non-equivalent control group pretest–posttest design was implemented in this quasi-experimental study. The participants were 62 older adults from senior centers and older adult welfare facilities in D and G city (Experimental group=30, Control group=32). The experimental group took part in a 12-session memory and visual-motor integration program over 6 weeks. Data regarding memory self-efficacy, memory, visual-motor integration, and depression were collected from July to October of 2014 and analyzed with independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test using PASW Statistics (SPSS) 18.0 to determine the effects of the interventions.

Results

Memory self-efficacy (t=2.20, p=.031), memory (Z=-2.92, p=.004), and visual-motor integration (Z=-2.49, p=.013) increased significantly in the experimental group as compared to the control group. However, depression (Z=-0.90, p=.367) did not decrease significantly.

Conclusion

This program is effective for increasing memory, visual-motor integration, and memory self-efficacy in older adults. Therefore, it can be used to improve cognition and prevent dementia in older adults.

Citations

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Fu-Ju Tsai, Sheng-Wei Shen, Yih-Jin Hu, Chie-Chien Tseng
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Arkers Kwan Ching Wong, Jonathan Bayuo, Frances Kam Yuet Wong
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Pi-Tuan Chan, Wen-Chi Chang, Huei-Ling Chiu, Ching-Chiu Kao, Doresses Liu, Hsin Chu, Kuei-Ru Chou
BMC Geriatrics.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

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Effects of a Memory Training Program Using Efficacy Sources on Memory Improvement in Elderly People: Jeong Hwa Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(5):1170-1180. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.5.1170

Abstract PDF

This study was a quasi-experimental study to confirm the effects of a memory training program using efficacy sources. The purpose was to develop an effective memory training program for elderly people and to identify the effects of the memory training program. This study was carried out between February 24 and July 18, 1999 and the subjects of the study were 102 elderly people who were participants at a welfare institute in Seoul. The experimental group (51) and the control group (51) were assigned by means of participation order. The control group was matched to the experimental group and was selected considering age, sex, and religion. The experimental group participated in the memory training program. The memory training program was based on the literature of Fogler & Stern (1994), Wang & Lee (1990), Lee (1991) and Lee (1993). The memory training program was given twice a week for two weeks with each program lasting two hours. Task centered memory self-efficacy was measured using the Memory Self-Efficacy Scale developed by Berry & Dennehey (1989) and Meta Memory was measured by the MIA developed by Dixon et al. (1988) Memory performance was measured by the Data were analyzed by SPSS PC and the results are described below. 1. The experimental group which participated in the Memory Training Program showed higher task centered memory self-efficacy scores as compared to the control group (t=4.354, P=.0001). 2. The experimental group which participated in the Memory Training Program showed higher metamemory scores as compared to the control group (t=4.733, P=.0001). 3. The experimental group which participated in the Memory Training Program showed higher memory performance scores as compared to the control group (t=7.500, P=.0001). The memory performance involved an immediate word recall task, a delayed word recall task, a word recognition task, and the face recognition task. 4. In the experimental group, there was significant correlation between the task centered memory self-efficacy scores and the metamemory scores (r=.382, P=.006), but the correlation between the task centered memory self-efficacy scores and the memory performance scores and between the metamemory scores and the memory performance scores were not significant. The results showed that task centered memory self-efficacy, meta memory and memory performance improved following the Memory Training Program including the memory process, changes in memory with aging, and appropriate use of memory strategies. Memory Training Program is an effective nursing intervention for improving memory in elderly people and, also, in people with complaints of memory loss. word list developed by Cho Sung Won (1995) and the face recognition task (Face Recognition Task developed for this study).

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JongSik Park, Jooyeon Jamie Im, In-Uk Song, Yeonwook Kang
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Effects of a Memory and Visual-Motor Integration Program for Older Adults Based on Self-Efficacy Theory
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2017; 47(3): 431. CrossRef
The Effects of a Cognitive Enhancement Group Training Program for Community-dwelling Elders
Young Ran Han, Mi Sook Song, Ji Young Lim
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Prevalence and Characteristics of Chemotherapy-related Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Breast Cancer: Jin-Hee Park, Sun Hyoung Bae, Yong-Sik Jung, Young-Mi Jung; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(1):118-128. Published online February 27, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.1.118

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Evidence suggests that some patients with breast cancer experience cognitive difficulties following chemotherapy. This longitudinal study was done to examine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and trajectory of cognitive function over time in women with breast cancer, who received adjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods

Participants were 137 patients with breast cancer. They completed neuropsychological tests and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function before adjuvant therapy (pretest), toward the end of adjuvant therapy (posttest), and 6 months after the completion of adjuvant therapy (follow-up test). Of the patients, 91 were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and 46 patients who did not receive chemotherapy made up the comparison group. A reliable-change index and repeated-measure ANOVA were used for statistical analyses.

Results

At the posttest point, over 30% of patients showed complex cognitive impairment and reported greater difficulty in subjective cognitive function. At the follow-up test point, 22.0% of patients exhibited complex cognitive impairment and 30.8% of patients complained of subjective cognitive impairment. Repeated-measure ANOVA showed significant decreases after receiving chemotherapy followed by small improvements 6 months after the completion of chemotherapy in cognitive domains of change for attention and concentration, memory, executive function, and subjective cognitive function.

Conclusion

These results suggest that chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer may be associated with objective and subjective cognitive impairments. Further studies are needed to explore the potential risk factors and predictor of chemotherapy-related cognitive changes. Also nursing interventions for prevention and intervention of cognitive impairments should be developed and tested.

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Impact of nonpharmacological interventions on cognitive impairment in women with breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Jin-Hee Park, Su Jin Jung, Lena J. Lee, Junghyun Rhu, Sun Hyoung Bae
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A Meta-analysis of Chemotherapy related Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Breast Cancer: Jin-Hee Park, Sun Hyoung Bae; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(5):644-658. Published online October 12, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.5.644

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cognitive effects of chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer.

Methods

Using several databases, prospective studies were collected up to August 2011. Of 2,106 publications identified, 12 met the inclusion criteria, and 8 studies were used to estimate the effect size of chemotherapy on cognitive impairment.

Results

Twelve studies were done since 2005 and most of the research was performed in Europe or North America. Eight studies were used to generate effect size across the cognitive domains of attention/concentration, verbal and visual memory, executive function, visuospatial skill, language, and subjective cognitive function. Each of the cognitive domains showed small effect sizes (-0.02 ~ -0.26), indicating diminished cognitive function for the chemotherapy group compared with non-chemotherapy groups.

Conclusion

Finding suggests that breast cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy may experience mild cognitive decline. Further study is needed to generate knowledge and guideline for interventions to address chemotherapy related cognitive impairment in these patients.

Citations

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Effects of compensatory cognitive training intervention for breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a pilot study
Jin-Hee Park, Yong Sik Jung, Ku Sang Kim, Sun Hyoung Bae
Supportive Care in Cancer.2017; 25(6): 1887. CrossRef
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