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Research Paper
- Effects of an expressive writing program for women with high-risk first pregnancies: a quasi-experimental study
- Jae-Mi Kwon, Hye-Jin Kim
- Received March 26, 2026 Accepted September 28, 2026 Published online November 12, 2026
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.26045 [Epub ahead of print]
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Abstract
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ePub - Purpose
This study aimed to develop an expressive writing program for hospitalized women with high-risk first pregnancies and evaluate its effects.
Methods
A quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group pretest–posttest design was used. Hospitalized women with high-risk first pregnancies in the experimental group (n=24) participated in four expressive writing sessions over four days, whereas those in the control group (n=24) received standard nursing care. From May to November 2024, data on stress, state anxiety, depression, and maternal–fetal attachment were collected using structured questionnaires. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to assess the effects of time, group, and their interaction on each outcome. This study was registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS KCT0010097).
Results
For stress, the main effects of time (F=1.13, p=.327) and group (F=2.38, p=.130) were not significant; the time×group interaction (F=1.43, p=.244) was also not significant. For state anxiety, the main effects of time (F=9.41, p<.001) and group (F=5.03, p=.030) were significant, as was the time×group interaction (F=3.21, p=.045). For depression, the time×group interaction was also significant (F=3.13, p=.049).
Conclusion
This study confirmed the effectiveness of an expressive writing program in reducing state anxiety and depression among women with high-risk pregnancies. The findings may inform the development of nursing interventions to address emotional needs in this population, and future use of the program is anticipated.
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