Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Research Paper

Psychometric Properties of the Korean Version of Self-Efficacy for HIV Disease Management Skills: Kim, Gwang Suk , Kim, Layoung , Shim, Mi-So , Baek, Seoyoung , Kim, Namhee , Park, Min Kyung , Lee, Youngjin; J Korean Acad Nurs 2023;53(3):295-308. Published online June 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.23016

Purpose
This study evaluated the validity and reliability of Shively and colleagues’ self-efficacy for HIV disease management skills (HIVSE) among Korean participants.
Methods
The original HIV-SE questionnaire, comprising 34 items, was translated into Korean using a translation and back-translation process. To enhance clarity and eliminate redundancy, the author and expert committee engaged in multiple discussions and integrated two items with similar meanings into a single item. Further, four HIV nurse experts tested content validity. Survey data were collected from 227 individuals diagnosed with HIV from five Korean hospitals. Construct validity was verified through confirmatory factor analysis. Criterion validity was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficients with the new general self-efficacy scale. Internal consistency reliability and test-retest were examined for reliability.
Results
The Korean version of HIV-SE (K-HIV-SE) comprises 33 items across six domains: “managing depression/mood,” “managing medications,” “managing symptoms,” “communicating with a healthcare provider,” “getting support/help,” and “managing fatigue.” The fitness of the modified model was acceptable (minimum value of the discrepancy function/degree of freedom = 2.49, root mean square error of approximation = .08, goodnessof-fit index = .76, adjusted goodness-of-fit index = .71, Tucker-Lewis index = .84, and comparative fit index = .86). The internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s α = .91) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = .73) were good. The criterion validity of the K-HIV-SE was .59 (p < .001).
Conclusion
This study suggests that the K-HIV-SE is useful for efficiently assessing self-efficacy for HIV disease management.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Factors associated with health-related quality of life among people living with HIV in South Korea: Tobit regression analysis
Gwang Suk Kim, Layoung Kim, SangA Lee, Mi-So Shim, Youngjin Lee, Seoyoung Baek, Claus Kadelka
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(5): e0303568. CrossRef
Three cycles of mobile app design to improve HIV self-management: A development and evaluation study
Gwang Suk Kim, Layoung Kim, Seoyoung Baek, Mi-So Shim, SangA Lee, Ji Min Kim, Jong Yae Yoon, Jin Kim, JunYong Choi, Jae-Phil Choi
DIGITAL HEALTH.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Articles

Life Experiences of Uninfected Women Living with HIV-Infected Husbands: A Phenomenological Study: Myoung Hee Seo, Seok Hee Jeong; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(6):781-793. Published online December 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.6.781

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study aimed to understand the meaning and essence of the life experiences of uninfected women living with HIV-infected husbands.

Methods

This qualitative study adopted van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological method. Study participants were 8 females whose husband had been diagnosed with HIV for longer than 6 months, who had known about their husband's infection for more than 6 months, who were in a legal or common-law marriage and were living with their husbands at the time of interview for this study, and whose HIV antibody test results were negative. Data were collected from in-depth individual interviews with the participants from May to August 2016, and from related idiomatic expressions, literature, artwork, and phenomenological references.

Results

The following essential themes were identified regarding the life experiences of uninfected women living with HIV-infected husbands: ‘experiencing an abrupt change that came out of the blue and caused confusion’, ‘accepting one's fate and making desperate efforts to maintain one's family’, ‘dealing with a heavy burden alone’, ‘experiencing the harsh reality and fearful future’, and ‘finding consolation in the ordeal’.

Conclusion

This study provided a holistic and in-depth understanding of the meaning and essence of the life experiences of uninfected women living with HIV-infected husbands. Thus, this study recognizes these unnoticed women as new nursing subjects. Further, the present findings can be used as important basic data for the development of nursing interventions and national policy guidelines for uninfected women living with HIV-infected husbands.

Citations

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Using decision tree analysis to understand the influence of social networks on disclosure of HIV infection status
Gwang Suk Kim, Mi-So Shim, Jeongmin Yi
AIDS Care.2022; 34(1): 118. CrossRef
Factors Influencing the Initiation of Treatment after the Diagnosis of Korean Patients with HIV
Mi-So Shim, Gwang Suk Kim, Chang Gi Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2018; 29(3): 279. CrossRef

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Attitudes, Subjective Norms, and Beliefs of Korean Nursing Students as Predictors of Intentions to care for HIV Disease Patients: a Test of Theory of Reasoned Action: Hye Ra Yoo; Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(3):660-672. Published online March 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.3.660

Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

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Literature Review of HIV-Positive Patient Care Studies which used Concepts from Theory of Reasoned Action: Hyera Yoo; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(7):1645-1657. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.7.1645

Abstract PDF: Twenty-three research studies regarding nurses or nursing students intention to care for HIV disease patients were reviewed. Studies on this issue were sporadic and not systematic. A majority of the studies were limited to one institution at one point in time. Convenience sampling was prevalent. Only 5 studies used random sampling (Jemmott III et al., 1992; Kelly et al., 1988; Planter & Foster, 1993; Scherer et al., 1989; Van Servellen et al., 1988). Consequently the findings of most studies can not be generalized to the population at large. In addition, between 1985 and 1994, the emphasis on descriptive studies continued even though correlational and experimental studies were being conducted. The development of the body of knowledge on this issue is still in a primitive stage. Correlational or comparative studies reviewed rarely had a theoretical basis for the study questions. Only two studies were found that cited a theoretical basis (Laschinger & Goldenberg, 1993; Goldenberg & Laschinger, 1991). A variety of attitude instruments were developed by investigators and used in their own studies. The constructs of the instruments were quite varied. For example, some studies identified fear as the attitude to be measured, while others measured opinion or intention as the attitude. None of the studies reviewed reported content, construct or convergent validity of the instruments. Reliability data for most instruments used in the studies were either not reported or low. Such a lack of information limits the interpretation of the findings. Study findings were inconclusive. Some descriptive studies indicated that nurses or nursing students were willing to care for HIV disease patients, while others revealed they were not willing to do so. Three correlational studies examining the relationship between attitude and intention obtained inconsistent findings. Findings from one study (Jemmott et al., 1992) indicated a positive relationship, while others found no relationship between them (Cole & Slocumb, 1994; Jemmott et al., 1992). Descriptive studies identified that families or friends stigmatization were the important factors. Only two correlational studies on this issue were found, but study findings were inconsistent (Laschinger & Goldenberg, 1993; Glodenberg & Laschinger, 1991). Studies focusing on nursing students intentions or attitude were limited. Only 7 of the 23 research reviewed were conducted using nursing students (Lawrence & Lawrence, 1989; Lester & Beard, 1988; Mueller et al., 1992; Oerman & Gignac, 1991; Jemmott et al., 1992; Jemmott III et al., 1992; Wiely et al., 1988). This review leads to the conclusion that there is a need for study of this issue with nursing students as the target population. Studies with questions based upon a theoretical framework provide a basis for linking findings. In addition, reliable instruments and sophisticated statistical analysis are also needed when studying this topic.

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The Effects of 30-Minutes of Pre-Warming on Core Body Temperature, Systolic Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Postoperative Shivering, and Inflammation Response in Elderly Patients with Total Hip Replacement under Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Double-blind Controlled Trial: You Mi Cheon, Haesang Yoon; J Korean Acad Nurs 2017;47(4):456-466. Published online January 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.4.456

Abstract PDF

Abstract Purpose

This study was designed to determine the effects of pre-warming on core body temperature (CBT) and hemodynamics from the induction of spinal anesthesia until 30 min postoperatively in surgical patients who undergo total hip replacement under spinal anesthesia. Our goal was to assess postoperative shivering and inflammatory response.

Methods

Sixty-two surgical patients were recruited by informed notice. Data for this study were collected at a 1,300-bed university hospital in Incheon, South Korea from January 15 through November 15, 2013. Data on CBT, systemic blood pressure (SBP), and heart rate were measured from arrival in the pre-anesthesia room to 3 hours after the induction of spinal anesthesia. Shivering was measured for 30 minutes post-operatively. C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were measured pre-operatively, and 1 and 2 days postoperatively. The 62 patients were randomly allocated to an experimental group (EG), which underwent pre-warming for 30 minutes, or a control group (CG), which did not undergo pre-warming.

Results

Analysis of CBT from induction of spinal anesthesia to 3 hours after induction revealed significant interaction between group and time (F=3.85, p=.008). In addition, the incidence of shivering in the EG was lower than that in the CG (χ²=6.15, p=.013). However, analyses of SBP, heart rate, CRP, and ESR did not reveal significant interaction between time and group.

Conclusion

Pre-warming for 30 minutes is effective in increasing CBT 2 and 3 hours after induction of spinal anesthesia. In addition, pre-warming is effective in decreasing post-operative shivering.

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Yan Xiao, Rui Zhang, Na Lv, Chunmiao Hou, Chunguang Ren, Huiying Xu
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Hui Yeon Lee, Gaeun Kim, Yeonghee Shin
Journal of Clinical Nursing.2018; 27(7-8): 1399. CrossRef

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Psychometric Properties of the Korean Version of the HIV Self-Management Scale in Patients with HIV: Gwang Suk Kim, Sang Hui Chu, Yunhee Park, Jun Yong Choi, Jeong In Lee, Chang Gi Park, Linda L. McCreary; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(3):439-448. Published online June 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.3.439

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine validity and reliability of Webel and colleagues' HIV Self-Management Scale when used with a Korean sample.

Methods

The original 20-item HIV Self-Management Scale was translated into Korean using translation and back-translation. Nine HIV nurse experts tested content validity. Principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of data from 203 patients was used to test construct validity. Concurrent validity was evaluated using correlation with patients' self-rating as a "smart patient" measured using a visual analogue scale. Internal consistency was tested by Cronbach's alpha coefficients.

Results

All items were rated as having satisfactory content validity. Based on PCA and consideration of conceptual meaning, a three-factor solution was selected, explaining 48.76% of the variance. CFA demonstrated the adequacy of the three-domain structure of the construct HIV self-management: daily self-management health practices, social support and HIV self-management, and chronic nature of HIV self-management. Goodness-of-fit indices showed an acceptable fit overall with the full model (χ²/ df₍₁₆₄₎=1.66, RMSEA=0.06, SRMR=0.05, TLI=0.91, and CFI=0.92). The Korean version of the HIV Self-Management Scale (KHSMS) was significantly correlated with patients' self-rated smart patient (r=.41). The subscale Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from .78 to .81; alpha for the total scale was .89.

Conclusion

The KHSMS provides a valid and reliable measure of self-management in Korean patients with HIV. Continued psychometric testing is recommended to provide further evidence of validity with this population.

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HIV self-management and associated factors among people living with HIV in Hunan, China: a nine-year longitudinal study
Lannan Peng, Yeping Wang, Xi Chen, Zhi Xie, Jie Li, Dan Luo
AIDS Care.2025; 37(2): 253. CrossRef
The Impact of Stigma on Self-Management Behavior Among People with HIV in China: The Role of Social Support and Self-Esteem
Haitao Huang, Liao Zhang, Ling Tu, Xiaona Zhang, Hua Zhong, Qianwen Liu, Ying Liu, Hong Chen
AIDS Patient Care and STDs.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Self‐Management and Its Associated Factors Among People Living With HIV at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Abdisa Gemedi Jara, Masho Tigabe Tekle, Faisel Dula Sema, Banchamlak Teferi Mekonen, Asrat Elias Ergena, Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye, Saron Naji Gebremariam, Rahel Belete Abebe, Eyayaw Ashete Belachew, Abenezer Melaku Tafese, Eden Abetu Mehari, Ali Imran
BioMed Research International.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Social support, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and self-management behaviors among people living with HIV/AIDS in China: a structural equation modeling analysis
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The relationship between HIV-related stigma and HIV self-management among men who have sex with men: The chain mediating role of social support and self-efficacy
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Testing a Question Prompt Intervention to Improve Communication between Patients with HIV and Healthcare Providers: A Pilot Study
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Journal of Community Health Nursing.2020; 37(3): 153. CrossRef
Development of a Question Prompt List for Patients Living With HIV and Assessment of Their Information Needs
Gwang Suk Kim, Jae-Phil Choi, Jeong Min Yi, Mi-So Shim
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Experience of Treatment Adherence in Korean Patients with HIV: Yunhee Park, Min Jeong Seo, Sanghee Kim, Soon-Young Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(4):407-417. Published online August 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.4.407

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the subjective experience of Highly active Antiretroviral therapy (HAART) adherence in Korean patients with HIV.

Methods

A phenomenological methodology was used for the study. Data were collected from March to December, 2013 using open-ended questions during in-depth interviews. Participants were taking HAART for HIV, and were contacted through purposive techniques.

Results

Four men and 4 women whose average treatment period was 5.9 years participated in this study. Seven themes emerged from the analysis using Colazzi's method: (a) Seizing life in a deep sense of despair, (b) Struggling with medication, (c) Facing harsh treatment from health care providers, (d) Spoiling healthy pattern, (e) Hungering for communication and emotional support, (f) Turning to accepting HIV, (g) Becoming adherent to HIV treatment.

Conclusion

Prejudice from health care providers and lack of emotional support were barriers to HAART in Korea. Intervention strategies are needed to decrease prejudices from health care providers and to increase family support.

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Developing an app-based self-management program for people living with HIV: a randomized controlled pilot study during the COVID-19 pandemic
Mi-So Shim, Sunah Kim, Mona Choi, Jun Yong Choi, Chang Gi Park, Gwang Suk Kim
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Journal of Community Health Nursing.2020; 37(3): 153. CrossRef
Nursing students' experiences as dementia partners in volunteer activities: An inductive content analysis
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The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2020; 26(2): 146. CrossRef
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Mi-So Shim, Gwang Suk Kim
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Gwang Suk Kim, Jae-Phil Choi, Jeong Min Yi, Mi-So Shim
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Factors Influencing the Initiation of Treatment after the Diagnosis of Korean Patients with HIV
Mi-So Shim, Gwang Suk Kim, Chang Gi Park
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Min Jung Kim, Sang Ah Lee, Hyun-Ha Chang, Min Ja Kim, Jun Hee Woo, Sang Il Kim, Chun Kang, Mee-Kyung Kee, Ju-yeon Choi, Yunsu Choi, Bo Youl Choi, June Myung Kim, Jun Yong Choi, Hyo Youl Kim, Joon-Young Song, Shin-Woo Kim
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Effects of ASPAN's Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Promotion of Hypothermia of Patients with Total Knee Replacement Arthroplasty: Je Bog Yoo, Hyun Ju Park, Ji Yeoun Chae, Eun Ju Lee, Yoo Jung Shin, Justin Sangwook Ko, Nam Cho Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(3):352-360. Published online June 28, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.3.352

Abstract PDF

Purpose

In this study an examination was done of the effects of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses (ASPAN) Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines on body temperature, shivering, thermal discomfort, and time to achieve normothermia in patients undergoing total knee replacement arthroplasty (TKRA) under spinal anesthesia.

Methods

This study was an experimental study with a randomized controlled trial design. Participants (n=60) were patients who underwent TKRA between December 2011 and March 2012. Experimental group (n=30) received active and passive warming measures as described in the ASPAN's guidelines. Control group (n=30) received traditional care. Body temperature, shivering, thermal discomfort, time to achieve normothermia were measured in both groups at 30 minute intervals.

Results

Experimental group had slightly higher body temperature compared to control group (p=.002). Thermal discomfort was higher in the experimental group before surgery but higher in the control group after surgery (p=.034). It decreased after surgery (p=.041) in both groups. Time to achieve normothermia was shorter in the experimental group (p=.010).

Conclusion

ASPAN's guidelines provide guidance on measuring patient body temperature at regular intervals and on individualized and differentiated hypothermia management which can be very useful in nursing care, particularly in protecting patient safety and improving quality of nursing.

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Effect of the ASPAN Guideline on Perioperative Hypothermia Among Patients With Upper Extremity Surgery Under General Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Sookyung Kang, Soohyun Park
Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing.2020; 35(3): 298. CrossRef
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Kari L. Love
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Sung Joo Park, Sook Young Kim
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Interventions for treating inadvertent postoperative hypothermia
Sheryl Warttig, Phil Alderson, Gillian Campbell, Andrew F Smith
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2014;[Epub] CrossRef

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