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Original Article
Pain Perception of Nurses and Pain Expression of Patients in Critical Care Units
Kyung Hee Bae, Ihn Sook Jeong
J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(4):437-445.   Published online August 29, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.4.437
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was done to identify pain perception (P-PER) by nurses and pain expression (P-EXP) by patients in critical care units (ICUs) and degree of agreement between nurses' P-PER and patients' P-EXP.

Methods

Nurses' P-PER was measured with a self-administered questionnaire completed by 99 nurses working in ICUs during May, 2013. Patients' P-EXP was measured with the Critical Care Non-Verbal Pain Scale through observations of 31 ICU patients during nine nursing procedures (NPs) performed between May and July, 2013.

Results

Nurses' P-PER was from 4.49 points for nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion to 0.83 for blood pressure (BP) measurement based on a 9-point scale, Patients' P-EXP was 4.48 points for NGT to 0.18 for BP measurement based on a 10-point scale. Eight NPs except oral care showed higher scores for nurses' P-PER than for patients' P-EXP. Position change (p=.019), subcutaneous injection (p<.001), blood sugar test (p<.001), and BP measurement (p<.001) showed significant differences between nurses' P-PER and patients' P-EXP.

Conclusion

Nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion was scored highest by both nurses and patients. Eight NPs except 'oral care' showed nurses' P-PER was higher or similar to patients' P-EXP, which indicates that nurses may overestimate procedural pain experienced by patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
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    Li SuWen, Huang YuYang, Bu Wei
    Nursing in Critical Care.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Systematic Review on Pain Assessment Tools for Intensive Care Unit Patients
    Eun-Jeong Kim, Jiwon Hong, Jiyeon Kang, Na geong Kim, NaRi Kim, Su-Youn Maeng, Hye-Ryeon Park, Min Kyung Ban, Gun Young Yang, Kyung Suk Lee, Eun Hye Jang
    Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2020; 13(1): 44.     CrossRef
  • Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Pain, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep Disruption in Adult Patients in the ICU
    John W. Devlin, Yoanna Skrobik, Céline Gélinas, Dale M. Needham, Arjen J. C. Slooter, Pratik P. Pandharipande, Paula L. Watson, Gerald L. Weinhouse, Mark E. Nunnally, Bram Rochwerg, Michele C. Balas, Mark van den Boogaard, Karen J. Bosma, Nathaniel E. Bru
    Critical Care Medicine.2018; 46(9): e825.     CrossRef
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