Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Original Articles

Dependency, Abuse, and Depression by Gender in Widowed Elderly: Ok Soo Kim, Kyoung Mi Yang, Kye Ha Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(2):336-343. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.2.336

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dependency and abuse on depression according to gender in widowed elderly.

Method

A convenient sample consisted of 246 widowed elderly who were more than 65 years old in four cities. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire from August to September, 2002. A dependency Scale developed by Ahn (1999) was used to measure the level of dependency. Emotional abuse and physical abuse were measured by 10 items for emotional abuse and 7 items for physical abuse selected out of the Conditions Scale of Elder Abuse. The level of depression was measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS).The SPSS WIN 11.0 version program was used for data analysis.

Result

In male widowed elderly, dependency affected depression indirectly through emotional abuse. While in female widowed elderly, dependency affected depression directly and affected emotional abuse indirectly.

Conclusion

The study showed that dependency was the most explainable variable on depression in widowed female elderly. Therefore, it dependency should be assessed first in nursing intervention to relieve depression of widowed elderly.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Travesty of Life Elders Abuse an Inquiry of Physical and Psychological Abuse
Naval Bajpai, Kushagra Kulshreshtha, Prince Dubey, Gunjan Sharma
Ageing International.2023; 48(2): 413. CrossRef
Relationship between Emotional Abuse and Depression among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Korea
Jong-Il Park
Yonsei Medical Journal.2018; 59(5): 693. CrossRef
The Effects of Tai Chi Exercise on Hope, Dependency, and Perceived Health Status of Elderly Women
Yong Ju Park, Ja Ok Kim
Journal of muscle and joint health.2014; 21(2): 106. CrossRef
The impact of psychological abuse on somatic symptoms: a study of older persons aged 60-84 years
Joaquim Jorge Fernandes Soares, Eija Viitasara, Gloria Macassa, Maria Gabriella Melchiorre, Mindaugas Stankunas, Jutta Lindert, Henrique Barros, Elisabeth Ioannidi-Kapolou, Francisco Torres-González
The Journal of Adult Protection.2014; 16(4): 213. CrossRef
Alcohol use among abused and non-abused older persons aged 60–84 years: An European study
Ingrid Tredal, Joaquim J. F. Soares, Örjan Sundin, Eija Viitasara, Maria Gabriella Melchiorre, Francisco Torres-Gonzales, Mindaugas Stankunas, Jutta Lindert, Elisabeth Ioannidi-Kapolou, Henrique Barros
Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy.2013; 20(2): 96. CrossRef
Comparison of Health Status, Sleep and Depression by the Employment Status in the Elderly
Hae-Ok Jeon, Ok-Soo Kim
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(3): 1203. CrossRef
Effects of an Empowerment Program on Self-esteem and Depression for Low-income Elderly Women Living Alone
Sang-Hwa Lee, Seong-Sook Jun
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2012; 21(4): 311. CrossRef

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7 Crossref

Factors Influencing Care Dependency in Patients with Dementia: Eun Joo Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(6):705-712. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.6.705

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore factors that influence care dependency of institutionalized patients with dementia.

Method

This study utilized descriptive correlational design. The convenience sample was composed of 110 residents with dementia of two long-term care facilities in Korea. Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify significant factors influencing care dependency in patients with dementia. Care dependency was measured using the Care Dependency Scale, Korean version(CDS-K). Cognition was measured by the MMSE-K. Functional disability was measured by the PULSES Profile. Behavioral dysfunction was measured by the modified E-BEHAVE AD.

Result

Care dependency was significantly influenced by cognition, functional disability, behavioral dysfunction, and duration of dementia. This regression model explained 61% of the variances in care dependency. Cognition explained 37% of the variances, and functional disability explained 21% of the variances.

Conclusion

Results of this study suggest that professional caregivers intervene more effectively in caring for their patients with dementia by recognizing the patients cognitive, functional, behavioral disability, and its periodic change. Individually, remaining abilities-focused intervention should be applied to enhance patient to be dependent and to prevent unnecessary independency.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Predictors of care dependency in nursing home residents with moderate to severe dementia: A cross-sectional study
Marinda Henskens, Ilse M. Nauta, Katja T. Drost, Maarten V. Milders, Erik J.A. Scherder
International Journal of Nursing Studies.2019; 92: 47. CrossRef
Influencing Factors on Care Burden among Family Caregivers for Elders with Dementia: Focusing on Family Caregivers using a Support Center for Dementia
Kyung Choon Lim
Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2019; 25(1): 136. CrossRef
Effects of Perceptions regarding Purpose in Life and Good Death on Caring Behaviors of Formal Caregivers of Community-dwelling Older Adults with Dementia
Chun-Gill Kim
Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2018; 20(2): 57. CrossRef
Perceived oral health awareness in dementia and dementia-suspected depending on KMME
Eun Sook Kim, Min-Hee Hong
Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene.2015; 15(2): 217. CrossRef
The Long-term Care Utilization of the Elderly with Dementia, Stroke, and Multimorbidity in Korea
Boyoung Jeon, Soonman Kwon, Hongsoo Kim
Health Policy and Management.2013; 23(1): 90. CrossRef
Relationships Among Cognition, Activities of Daily Living and Depression in Persons With Decreased Memory
Min Suk Kim, Soon Young Yoon, Eun Young Oh
Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2012; 26(3): 404. CrossRef

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Depression and Caregiving Burden in Families of Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Juyeon Oh, Ji Won An, Ki-Wook Oh, Seong-Il Oh, Jung A Kim, Seung Hyun Kim, Jeong Seop Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(2):202-210. Published online April 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.2.202

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to describe depression, caregiving burden and the correlation of the two variables in the families of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and to clarify factors predicting caregiving burden.

Methods

A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 139 family members who provided care to patients with ALS. The characteristics of patients and families, Korean-Beck Depression Inventory (K-BDI), Korean version of Zarit Burden Interview (K-ZBI) and Korean-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale - Revised (K-ALSFRS-R) were used as study measures.

Results

The mean score for K-BDI was 19.39 out of 63 suggesting sub-clinical depression and 38.2% of the family members exhibited depression. The mean score for K-ZBI was 66.03 out of 88. The predictors for K-ZBI were K-BDI, age of family member, length of time spent per day in caring, relationship to patient and K-ALSFRS-R.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that levels of depression and caregiving burden are high among family members caring for patients with ALS. As depression is associated with caregiving burden, screening and emotional supports should be provided to reduce the burden of care for these family. Support programs to alleviate the care burden are also needed, considering family demographics, time per day in caring giving and K-ALSFRS-R.

Citations

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Effectiveness of the Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Caregivers of Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Scoping Review
Lutfiye İpek, Gokce Yagmur Gunes Gencer, Pınar Kısacık, Sibel Bozgeyik
Journal of Nursology.2025; 28(1): 89. CrossRef
Caring for people living with ALS in Korea: challenges and possible paths forward
Crystal Jing Jing Yeo, Zachary Simmons
Muscle & Nerve.2024; 70(5): 881. CrossRef
The quality of life and depression in primary caregivers of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is affected by patient-related and culture-specific conditions
Anna Maksymowicz-Śliwińska, Dorothée Lulé, Krzysztof NieporĘcki, Katarzyna Ciećwierska, Albert C. Ludolph, Magdalena Kuźma-Kozakiewicz
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration.2023; 24(3-4): 317. CrossRef
The experiences of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis of their decision‐making processes to invasive home mechanical ventilation—A qualitative study
Tina Thorborg, Jeanette Finderup, Dorte Skriver Winther, Charlotte Kirkegaard Lorenzen, Pia Dreyer
Nursing Open.2023; 10(8): 5139. CrossRef
Psychological Support for Family Caregivers of Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis at the Time of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Pilot Study Using a Telemedicine Approach
Minoo Sharbafshaaer, Daniela Buonanno, Carla Passaniti, Manuela De Stefano, Sabrina Esposito, Fabrizio Canale, Giulia D’Alvano, Marcello Silvestro, Antonio Russo, Gioacchino Tedeschi, Mattia Siciliano, Francesca Trojsi
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors associated with caring behaviors of family caregivers for patients receiving home mechanical ventilation with tracheostomy: A cross-sectional study
Hyang Sook Kim, Chung Eun Lee, Yong Sook Yang, Tai-Heng Chen
PLOS ONE.2021; 16(7): e0254987. CrossRef
Family Caregiver Suffering in Caring for Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Korea
Juyeon Oh, Jung-A Kim, Min Sun Chu
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(9): 4937. CrossRef
Everyday life experiences of close relatives of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis receiving home mechanical ventilation—A qualitative study
Dorte Winther, Charlotte Kirkegaard Lorenzen, Pia Dreyer
Journal of Clinical Nursing.2020; 29(13-14): 2306. CrossRef
Unmet supportive care needs mediate the relationship between functional status and quality of life in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Juyeon Oh, Seung Hyun Kim, Jung A Kim
Palliative and Supportive Care.2019; 17(6): 650. CrossRef
The Impact of Cognitive and Behavioral Symptoms on ALS Patients and Their Caregivers
Jashelle Caga, Sharpley Hsieh, Patricia Lillo, Kaitlin Dudley, Eneida Mioshi
Frontiers in Neurology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Validity and Utility of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Detecting Depression in Family Caregivers of Persons with Dementia
Jiangbo Ying, Philip Yap, Mihir Gandhi, Tau Ming Liew
Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders.2019; 47(4-6): 323. CrossRef
Caregiving burden and depression in paid caregivers of hospitalized patients: a pilot study in China
Yao-Dan Liang, Ya-Li Wang, Zhi Li, Li He, Ying Xu, Qing Zhang, Gui-Ying You, Xu-Hua Mi
BMC Public Health.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
The amyotrophic lateral sclerosis supportive care needs assessment instrument: Development and psychometric evaluation
Juyeon Oh, Seong-il Oh, Jung A Kim
Palliative and Supportive Care.2018; 16(6): 692. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Psychosocial Well-Being in Family Caregivers of People with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Hyeon Sik Chu, Young Ran Tak, Seung Hyun Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2018; 48(4): 454. CrossRef
Factor analysis of the Zarit Burden Interview in family caregivers of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Juyeon Oh, Jung A. Kim
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration.2018; 19(1-2): 50. CrossRef
An exploration into caring for a stroke-survivor in Lima, Peru: Emotional impact, stress factors, coping mechanisms and unmet needs of informal caregivers
M. Amalia Pesantes, Lena R. Brandt, Alessandra Ipince, J. Jaime Miranda, Francisco Diez-Canseco
eNeurologicalSci.2017; 6: 33. CrossRef
Information-seeking Behavior and Information Needs in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Juyeon Oh, Jung A Kim
CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2017; 35(7): 345. CrossRef
Supportive care needs of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease and their caregivers: A scoping review
Juyeon Oh, Jung A Kim
Journal of Clinical Nursing.2017; 26(23-24): 4129. CrossRef
Convergence Study on Burden in Families Caregivers of Patients with Burn
Gye-Hyun Jung, Hyun-Ju Na
Journal of the Korea Convergence Society.2016; 7(6): 275. CrossRef

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Caregiver Burden in Caring for Elders Before and After Long-term Care Service in Korea: Hung Sa Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(2):236-247. Published online April 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.2.236

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Purposes of this study were: evaluation of family burden of caring for elders who receive long term care services, and examination of differences in burden before and after the introduction of long term care service in Korea.

Methods

Data were collected by questionnaires from 416 caregivers of elders who were registered with the Long Term Care Insurance Corporation in six cities. Data were collected in September, 2010 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and ANOVA with the Scheffe test, and stepwise multiple regression.

Results

Family burden decreased significantly after long-term care service was initiated. Subjective burden decreased from 2.93 to 2.69 (t=11.78, p<.001), and objective burden, from 3.40 to 3.10 (t=12.73, p<.001). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that factors affecting subjective burden were family relations (F=13.60, p=.003), age (F=5.47, p=.019), job (F=6.98, p=.008), and education (F=4.59, p=.032), and that factors affecting objective burden were living together (F=17.66, p<.001), job (F=13.34, p=.003), monthly income (F=6.61, p=.010), and type of service (F=6.62, p=.010).

Conclusion

The results of this first study to investigate caregiver burden after the Korean Long-term Care Insurance System was begun provide positive information for the development of strategies to decrease family burden in long term care.

Citations

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Mina Kim, Young-Hoon Lee
Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2023; 23(3): 139. CrossRef
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Soo-Jung Chang
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Factors Affecting Family Caregivers' Burden and Depression in Home-based Long-Term Care Service under the Long-Term Care Insurance System
Hung Sa Lee, Chunmi Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2018; 29(4): 530. CrossRef
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Min-Gu Kang, Chul-Hyun Kim, Eunhee Park, Jae-Won Huh, Won-Jong Yang, Tae-Woo Nam, Yu-Sun Min, Tae-Du Jung
Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2018; 42(1): 130. CrossRef
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Su-Jung Nam, Eun-Young Park
Journal of Mental Health.2017; 26(1): 50. CrossRef
The Effect of Post-Stroke Depression on Rehabilitation Outcome and the Impact of Caregiver Type as a Factor of Post-Stroke Depression
Dong-Heun Ahn, Yung-Jin Lee, Ji-Hun Jeong, Yong-Rok Kim, Jong-Bum Park
Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2015; 39(1): 74. CrossRef
Factors Related to Family Caregivers' Burden with the Community-Dwelling Disabled Elderly under the Long-Term Care Insurance System
Eun-Jeong Han, Jung-Myun Lee, Jin-Hee Kwon, Seul-Bi Shin, Jung-Suk Lee
Health Policy and Management.2014; 24(1): 71. CrossRef

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