Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Original Articles

Validity and Reliability of a Korean Version of Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (YFAS-C): Jung Ho Kim, Ji Hyun Song, Ran Kim, Mi Young Jang, Hyon Joo Hong, Hyun Ji Kim, Sung Hee Shin; J Korean Acad Nurs 2019;49(1):59-68. Published online January 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2019.49.1.59

Abstract Purpose

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Korean version of Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (YFAS-C).

Methods

Participants were 419 young adolescent students (11~15 years old). The content validity of the expert group was calculated as the content validity index (CVI) after the translation and reverse translation process of the 25 items of the YFAS-C. The multitrait-multimethod matrix (MTMM) method was used to verify the construct validity; the generalized linear model (GLM) was used to evaluate the concurrent and incremental validity. Reliability was calculated as Kuder-Richardson-20 (KR-20) and Spearman-Brown coefficients.

Results

The CVI of the 25 items was greater than the item-level CVI .80 and the scale-level CVI .90. The Korean version of YFAS-C had verified convergent validity in emotional eating and external eating and discriminant validity in restrained eating. In addition, it had verified concurrent validity in emotional eating and external eating. Finally the incremental validity of the Korean version of YFAS-C was statistically significant on BMI. Reliability was KR-20 a=.69 and the Spearman-Brown coefficient was .64.

Conclusion

The Korean version of YFAS-C is a valid and reliable scale for measuring the severity of food addiction; it can be a useful scale for preventing obesity by predicting food addiction early.

Citations

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A meta‐analysis assessing reliability of the Yale Food Addiction Scale: Implications for compulsive eating and obesity
Haitham Jahrami, Waqar Husain, Khaled Trabelsi, Achraf Ammar, Seithikurippu R. Pandi‐Perumal, Zahra Saif, Marc N. Potenza, Chung‐Ying Lin, Amir H. Pakpour
Obesity Reviews.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Emotional and behavioral problems associated with food addiction in children and adolescents with obesity
Hye-Ji An, Sarah Woo, Hyun Jung Lim, Yoon Myung Kim, Kyung Hee Park
Obesity Research & Clinical Practice.2025; 19(1): 34. CrossRef
Validating the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire for Children (DEBQ-C) among Korean children and adolescents with high weight
Na Young Kim, Sooyeon Suh, Jieun Kim, Kumhee Son, Sarah Woo, Jia Kim, Kyung Hee Park, Hyunjung Lim
Journal of Eating Disorders.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of food addiction using the Yale-C scale in Mexican children with overweight and obesity
Idalia Cura-Esquivel, Juan Ramos-Álvarez, Edna Delgado, Airam Regalado-Ceballos
PeerJ.2022; 10: e13500. CrossRef
Validation and Psychological Properties of the Persian Version of DSM 5 Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (PYFAS 2.0) in Non-clinical Population
Mohammad Niroumand Sarvandani, Masoud Asadi, Farideh Khosravi, Ashley N. Gearhardt, Mohammadsadegh Razmhosseini, Maryam Soleimani, Fahimeh Mohseni, Behzad Garmabi, Raheleh Rafaiee
Addiction and Health.2022; 14(3): 175. CrossRef
Psychometric properties and convergent and divergent validity of the Portuguese Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (P-YFAS 2.0)
Sónia Gonçalves, Célia S. Moreira, Bárbara C. Machado, Beatriz Bastos, Ana Isabel Vieira
Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity.2022; 27(2): 791. CrossRef
Research Trends in the Diagnostic Classification of Food Addiction and Future Tasks
Juwon Lee, Myoung-Ho Hyun
STRESS.2022; 30(4): 187. CrossRef
Validity of the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (YFAS-C): Classical test theory and item response theory of the Persian YFAS-C
Chung-Ying Lin, Vida Imani, Mark D. Griffiths, Amir H. Pakpour
Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity.2021; 26(5): 1457. CrossRef
Validity and Reliability of a Korean Version of the ConCom Safety Management Scale
Mi Young Kwon, Nam Yi Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(23): 12514. CrossRef
Considering Food Addiction Through a Cultural Lens
Jessica L. Lawson, Ashley A. Wiedemann, Meagan M. Carr, Stephanie G. Kerrigan
Current Addiction Reports.2020; 7(3): 387. CrossRef

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Discriminating Power of Socio-demographic and Psychological Variables on Addictive Use of Cellular Phones Among Middle School Students: Haejung Lee, Myoung Soo Kim, Hyun Kyung Son, Sukhee Ahn, Jung Soon Kim, Young Hae Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(6):957-965. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.6.957

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the degrees of cellular phone usage among middle school students and to identify discriminating factors of addictive use of cellular phones among sociodemographic and psychological variables. METHODS: From 123 middle schools in Busan, potential participants were identified through stratified random sampling and 747 middle school students participated in the study. The data was collected from December 1, 2004 to December 30, 2004. Descriptive and discriminant analyses were used. RESULTS: Fifty seven percent of the participants were male and 89.7% used cellular phones at school. The participants were grouped into three groups depending on the levels of the cellular phone usage: addicted (n=117), dependent (n=418), non-addicted (n=212). Within the three groups, two functions were produced and only one function was significant, discriminating the addiction group from non-addiction group. Additional discriminant analysis with only two groups produced one function that classified 81.2% of the participants correctly into the two groups. Impulsiveness, anxiety, and stress were significant discriminating factors. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, developing intervention programs focusing on impulsiveness, anxiety and stress to reduce the possible addictive use of cellular phones is suggested.

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George Felix, Manoj K. Sharma, Nitin Anand, Binukumar Bhaskarapillai, Kalpana Srivastava
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App-based tracking of smartphone use and its association with perceived stress and sense of coherence among undergraduate medical students in Southern India
Kathiresan Jeyashree, Jane S. Sathiavadivu, AbdulkaderRizwan Suliankatchi
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Yang Xie, Ming Zhu, Xiaoyan Wu, Shuman Tao, Yajuan Yang, Tingting Li, Liwei Zou, Honglv Xu, Fangbiao Tao
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Frontiers in Psychiatry.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of a Prevention Program for Media Addiction on Television Addiction, Internet Addiction, Cellular Addiction, and Impulsiveness in Elementary School Students.
Hyun Young Koo
Child Health Nursing Research.2013; 19(4): 270. CrossRef
Development of a Cell Phone Addiction Scale for Korean Parents of Young Children.
Hyun Young Koo
Child Health Nursing Research.2013; 19(1): 29. CrossRef
Development and Validation Study of a Cell Phone Addiction Scale for Korean Children
Hyun-Young Koo, Myung-Sook Yoo
Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2012; 18(2): 76. CrossRef
Development and Effects of a Prevention Program for Cell Phone Addiction in Middle School Students
Hyun-Young Koo
Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2011; 17(2): 91. CrossRef
Factors related to the Overuse of Mobile Phone in Elementary School Students
Kyoung Sook Lee, Hwang Ran Ahn, Kyung Hee Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2011; 20(3): 271. CrossRef
Effects of an Empowerment Education Program in the Prevention of Internet Games Addiction in Middle School Students
Aeran Joo, Inhyae Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2010; 40(2): 255. CrossRef

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Factors on Internet Game Addiction among Adolescents: Hyun Sook Park, Yun Hee Kwon, Kyung Min Park; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(5):754-761. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.5.754

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore factors related to internet game addiction for adolescents.

Method

This study was a cross-sectional survey, and data was collected through self-report questionnaires. Data was analyzed using the SPSS program.

Results

In logistic regression analysis, the risk of being addicted to internet games was 2.22 times higher in males than females. Adolescents with low and middle academic performance also had a higher risk(2.08 times and 2.54 times) to become addicted to internet games. For the location of the computer, the risk of becoming addicted to internet games were .01 times lower in the living room or brother or sisters' room than in their own room. The risk of becoming addicted to internet games was 1.18 times higher in the higher usage time of internet games. The risk of becoming addicted to internet games was .49 times lower in the more accepting and autonomic parents' rearing attitude and .02 times lower in the high self-efficacy group than the low group.

Conclusion

The result of this study suggests that there are noticeable relationships between internet game addiction and gender, academic performance, location of computer, usage time of internet games, parents' rearing attitude, and self efficacy.

Citations

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Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2019; 44(1): 64. CrossRef
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Eun Yeob Kim, Jee Young Lee
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Hyun-Young Koo, Myung-Sook Yoo
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Hyun Young Koo
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(6): 818. CrossRef

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A Study on a Model for Internet Addiction of Adolescents: Young Ran Cho, Hwa Ja Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(3):541-551. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.3.541

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was to identify the effects of the predictive factors ofInternet addiction and to develop a predictive model that explains Internet addiction among adolescents in Korea.

Method

Data was collected from 664 adolescents in Puasan and Ulsan. Data analysis was done using the SPSS 10.0 Win Program for descriptive and correlational statistics and the LISREL 8.53 Win Program for Covariance structural analysis.

Result

The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate, it was modified by deleting four paths. Compared to the hypothetical model, the revised one had a better fit to the data(χ²/df=6.50, GFI=.99, AGFI=.90, RMR=.02, NNFI=.88, NFI=.98, CN=279). Gender, friend support, and loneliness had significant direct effects on Internet addiction. The direct and indirect effect of self-esteem on Internet addiction was significant.The indirect effect of family support on Internet addiction was significant but its direct effect was insignificant. The direct and indirect effects of stress and impulsiveness on Internet addiction were significant but their total effects were insignificant.

Conclusion

Finally, to decrease loneliness, and to increase family support and self-esteem, an effective intervention program and education should be developed to prevent Internet addiction of adolescents.

Citations

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Journal of Affective Disorders.2023; 329: 413. CrossRef
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Nahathai Wongpakaran, Tinakon Wongpakaran, Manee Pinyopornpanish, Sutapat Simcharoen, Pimolpun Kuntawong
BMC Psychiatry.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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On Choi, Keum Seong Jang, Nam Young Kim
Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2019; 44(1): 64. CrossRef
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Gihan ELNahas, Eman Abo Elella, Doaa Hewedi, Mahmoud Elhabiby, Hussien Elkholy, Omar Mansour, Sarah Baiumy
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Hyun Sook Park, Geum Yi Jo
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Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2010; 19(2): 173. CrossRef

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The Relationships of Internet Addiction, Depression, and Suicidal ideation in Adolescents: Eun Jung Ryu, Kwi Soon Choi, Jeong Seok Seo, Bum Woo Nam; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(1):102-110. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.1.102

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to identify the state of internet addiction and to investigate the relationships among internet addiction, depression and suicidal ideation in adolescents.

Method

Participants were 1,670 high school students in an urban city. The Internet Addiction Scale was used to measure internet addiction, the DISC-MDD-SQ was used to measure depression, and the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire-JR was used to measure suicidal ideation.

Result

38.1% of participants were perceived to be in the early stages of internet addiction and 1.5% reported heavy addiction. Overall the internet addiction scale score was 37.57(±12.52). The differences of internet addiction in sample characteristics were found to be significant in rank in class. The differences in DISC-MDD-SQ and IAS scores among the states of internet addiction were statistically significant. The level of internet addiction correlated positively to the level of depression and suicidal ideation.

Conclusion

Based upon these findings, there were significant positive correlations among Internet addiction, depression, and suicidal ideation in adolescents. As schools are often the first line for the identification of potential life-threatening behaviors, nurses, especially school-based health professionals, need to be cognizant of measures and procedures for the assessment of Internet addiction, depression, and suicidal ideation.

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Factors Influencing Internet Addiction Tendency among Middle School Students in Gyeong-buk Area: Won Oak Oh; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(8):1135-1144. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.8.1135

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was conducted to understand the degree of internet addiction tendency and to find out the factors influencing this addiction tendency among middle school students in Gyeong-buk area.

Methods

A total of 450 middle school students in the Daegu and Gyeong-buk area were surveyed in this study. Data collection was conducted through the use of questionnaires.

Results

Internet addiction among middle school students was relatively low (Average user). In the overall ratio distribution, however, students who were classified as either addicted or at risk of addiction accounted for a high percentage, 27%. A positive correlation was found between Internet addiction and Internet expectation, depression and parent control over Internet use. A negative correlation was found between Internet addiction and interpersonal relationship, parent support and self-control. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor of Internet addiction tendency was depression.

Conclusion

Through the above results, it would be necessary to develop an Internet addiction prevention program for adolescents taking into account for the psychological factors such as depression and Internet use habits. In the future study, the need assessment will be useful for developing this prevention program.

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Effects of an Integrated Internet Addiction Prevention Program on Elementary Students' Self-regulation and Internet Addiction: So Youn Mun, Byoung Sook Lee; J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(2):251-261. Published online April 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.2.251

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to develop an integrated internet addiction prevention program and test its effects on the self-regulation and internet addiction of elementary students who are at risk for internet addiction.

Methods

A quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were assigned to the experimental group (n=28) or control group (n=28). Contents of the program developed in this study included provision of information about internet addiction, interventions for empowerment and methods of behavioral modification. A pre-test and two post-tests were done to identify the effects of the program and their continuity. Effects were testified using Repeated measures ANOVA, simple effect analysis, and Time Contrast.

Results

The self-regulation of the experimental group after the program was significantly higher than the control group. The score for internet addiction self-diagnosis and the internet use time in the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group.

Conclusion

The effects of the integrated internet addiction prevention program for preventing internet addiction in elementary students at risk for internet addiction were validated.

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Effects of a Group Counseling Integration Program on Self-determination and Internet Addiction in High School Students with Tendency to Internet Addiction: Gyeong Ran Park, Hee Sook Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41(5):694-703. Published online October 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.5.694

Abstract PDF

Purpose

In this study the effects of a Group Counseling Integration Program for students with a tendency to internet addiction were examined.

Methods

Thirty-seven students who were in a vocational high school in G city participated in a survey, which was carried out from October 12 to November 12, 2009. To test the effects of the Group Counseling Integration Program, the participants were divided into two groups, an experimental group (18) and a control group (19). The research design used in this study was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized pre-posttest quasi-experimental research design. The research tools included a self-determination scale and an internet addiction scale. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, t-test, and ANCOVA with the SPSS/WIN 14.0 program.

Results

Significant differences were found in self-determination scores and internet addiction scores between the experimental group and the control group (F=5.99, p=.020) (t=-2.53, p=.016).

Conclusion

The results indicate that Group Counseling Integration Programs are an effective nursing intervention for improving self-determination and decreasing internet addiction in students with a tendency to internet addiction.

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A Prediction Model for Internet Game Addiction in Adolescents: Using a Decision Tree Analysis: Ki Sook Kim, Kyung Hee Kim; J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(3):378-388. Published online June 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.3.378

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was designed to build a theoretical frame to provide practical help to prevent and manage adolescent internet game addiction by developing a prediction model through a comprehensive analysis of related factors.

Methods

The participants were 1,318 students studying in elementary, middle, and high schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, Korea. Collected data were analyzed using the SPSS program. Decision Tree Analysis using the Clementine program was applied to build an optimum and significant prediction model to predict internet game addiction related to various factors, especially parent related factors.

Results

From the data analyses, the prediction model for factors related to internet game addiction presented with 5 pathways. Causative factors included gender, type of school, siblings, economic status, religion, time spent alone, gaming place, payment to Internet cafe@, frequency, duration, parent's ability to use internet, occupation (mother), trust (father), expectations regarding adolescent's study (mother), supervising (both parents), rearing attitude (both parents).

Conclusion

The results suggest preventive and managerial nursing programs for specific groups by path. Use of this predictive model can expand the role of school nurses, not only in counseling addicted adolescents but also, in developing and carrying out programs with parents and approaching adolescents individually through databases and computer programming.

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Effects of an Empowerment Education Program in the Prevention of Internet Games Addiction in Middle School Students: Aeran Joo, Inhyae Park; J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(2):255-263. Published online April 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.2.255

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine effects of an empowerment education program (EEP) on internet games addiction, empowerment, and stress in middle school students.

Methods

The EEP used in this study was based on the Freire's Empowerment Education Model. The research design of this study was a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design for 48 middle school students, who were conveniently assigned to an experimental group or a control group. The data were collected from May 29 to June 19, 2005. Data were analyzed using SPSS/PC program with frequencies, χ²-test, Fisher exact test, t-test, mean, standard deviation and ANCOVA.

Results

1) The first hypothesis that, "the experimental group would have higher empowerment scores than the control group." was supported. 2) The second hypothesis that, "the experimental group would have lower internet games addiction scores than the control group." was supported. 3) The third hypothesis that, "the experimental group would have lower stress scores than the control group." was supported.

Conclusion

We suggest, therefore, that the EEP should be used with adolescent to help them control their stress, internet games addiction and to increase their empowerment.

Citations

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LA PRÉVENTION DE L’UTILISATION PROBLÉMATIQUE D’INTERNET : EXPLORATION DU POINT DE VUE DES JEUNES
Gabrielle St-Arnaud, Magali Dufour1, Andrée-Anne Légaré, Joël Tremblay, Karine Bertrand, Yasser Khazaal, Natacha Brunelle, Mathieu Goyette
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Relationships among Cybersex Addiction, Gender Egalitarianism, Sexual Attitude and the Allowance of Sexual Violence in Adolescents: Hyun Young Koo, Seong Sook Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(7):1202-1211. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.7.1202

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was done to investigate cybersex addiction, gender egalitarianism, sexual attitude and the allowance of sexual violence in adolescents, and to identify the relationships among these variables.

Method

The participants were 690 students from two middle schools and three high schools in Seoul. Data was collected through selfreport questionnaires which included a cybersex addiction index, a Korean gender egalitarianism scale for adolescents, a sexual attitude scale and a scale for the allowance of sexual violence. The data was analyzed using the SPSS program.

Results

Of the adolescents, 93.3% reported not being addicted to cybersex, 5.7% reported being mildly addicted, 0.4% moderately addicted, and 0.6% severely addicted. Cybersex addiction, gender egalitarianism, sexual attitude and the allowance of sexual violence in adolescents were different according to general characteristics. Cybersex addiction of adolescents correlated with gender egalitarianism, sexual attitude and the allowance of sexual violence.

Conclusion

Gender egalitarianism, sexual attitude and the allowance of sexual violence in adolescents were influenced by cybersex addiction. Therefore, nursing interventions for prevention and management of cybersex addiction need to be developed and provided to adolescents. In addition, varied programs for teaching sexuality to adolescents should be developed and provided.

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