The main objectives of this study were to investigate the concept of family function from the perspective of the contemporary Korean family, and to construct model of change of family function whit chronic illness. The hybrid model approach was applied in which three phases(theoretical phase, empirical phase, and analytic phase) of concept development were explored for family functioning. The study was conducted from 1997 to 1998. In empirical phase, two groups of purposive samples were drawn : normal family group composed of six families without ill family member, and ill family group composed of seven families of which wives have rheumatoid arthritis. Only families with child(or children)in primary or secondary schools were included in the study. The results were as follows: In theoretical phase, six dimensions of family concept were emerged : affective, structural, control, cognitive, financial, and reproductive dimension. In order to analyze the Korean normal family function in middle class with middle-age women, financial and reproductive dimension were not included. In empirical phase, five dimensions(affective, structural, control, cognitive, and external relationship) were fond from the normal family data. External relationship dimension is very important factor as a resource of the support, especially when their parents or siblings had no help or support to them. In the affective dimension, Korean family emphasized harmony and balance rather than affective expression harmony and balance rather than affective expression between couples and between parents and children. They also showed common goals of the families to solve their problems to control the family members. The priority of the goals was getting into the higher education of their children or helping their unhealthy parents or family members. Six dimension(affective, structural, control, cognitive, external relationship, and financial) of family functions were emerged from the ill family data. From the analysis of ill family data, types of restructuring house chore after wives illness were developed : (a) negociated, (b) accomodated, and (c) isolated, enduring types. Although the dimensions of family functioning identified in this study are similar to the conceptualizations that exist in the western literature, there where distinct differences in the nature of major themes and subconcepts under these family function dimensions.

No abstract available.

The purpose of this study is to understand the structure of mothers of mentally handicapped daughters' lived experience, to apprehend the connectedness of the structure of the experience with concept of Parse's human becoming theory, and to provide a foundation for nursing research and education. Data collection was conducted from October 1995 to April 1996. Research participants were eight mothers of mentally handicapped daughters whose ages ranged from 12 to 18 attending special schools located in either Inchon or Seoul. The researcher had interviews with them over their lived experience conducted tape recorded, and made an analysis according to Parse's "human becoming research methodology." The data were collected using the dialogical engagement process "I and You," the participant researcher and the participant subject. The data were analyzed using the extraction-synthesis and heuristic interpretation. The structural integration is illustrated in the following: 1) Realizing the mother's role of mentally handicapped daughters and admitting situation. 2) Concealing a part of their relationship with others is interpreted as revealing-concealing. 3) Their fight back voluntarily to improve the situation is interpreted as powering. The conceptual integration which emerged was the lived experience of mothers is powering through the revealing-concealing and connection-separating of valuing.

The purpose of this study is to understand home care needs for parturient women and neonates up to the postpartum period. MEHTODS: The design of this study is a cross-sectional survey study. The subjects of this study are 88 postpartum mothers who delivered a first baby during the period from December 1996 to July 1997. Data collection was done with a structured questionnaire by mailing. Data were collected at the point of six months after delivery. A structured questionnaire composed of items related to home care needs. Data analysis was done with descriptive statistics. The study results are as follows: 1) The highest need was personal hygiene(93.2%) for the parturient women, and the peak period was the two week period after delivery. 2) The most frequent maternal needs regarding neonates were cord care(72.4%) during the first week, elimination(67.9%) during the first two weeks, baby crying(88.3%) and sleeping pattern(71.5%) at one month after delivery, and baby temperament(30.4%) at sixth months after delivery. 3)The mothers requested home care methods such as written material for self health care(35%) and counseling(34%) and direct home visits(5%) for neonate care. CONCLUSION: The most important period for home health care needs was one week after delivery, and the health care needs for neonate temperament, behavior and sleeping pattern rose rapidly at the period of 6 months after delivery. Therefore it could be concluded that the postpartum home care should be done by those, written material should be enhanced for parturient women care, and counseling enhanced for neonate care.

The purpose of this research was to develop a nursing intervention list for family caregivers. The specific steps were as follows: 1. Analyze the concept, Soobal, based on literature review and case observation. 2. Generate an initial list of defining activities for 'Caregiver Support : Soobal'. 3. Validate the defining activities. 4. Complete the final list of defining activities. A two-round Delphi questionnaire with an adaptation of Fehring's methodology was used to establish the content validity of intervention, Caregiver Support : Soobal. The definition of 'Caregiver Support : Soobal' was provision of the necessary information advocacy, and support to facilitate primary patient care by someone other than a health care professional in Korean traditional manners. Ten nurse experts participated in Round I and II of this study. They were asked to rate activities that exemplified the interventions on a scale of 1(activity is not all characteristic) to 515 'critical' activities and 10 'supporting' activities, while round II contained 16 'critical' activities and 6 'supporting' activities. No activities were considered to be 'nonsupporting' in both round I and II. Finally, the definition and 25 defining activities were developed. Intervention, Caregiver Support : Soobal, attained an ICV score of .82. This study provides a protocol model to develop Korean nursing interventions.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the life style, self-efficacy, and bone marrow Density(BMD) in osteoporosis female patients. The subjects were recruited at the four Osteoporosis Clinics. A Convenience sample of 190 women completed a survey instrument which included the Osteoporosis Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, Life Style Questionnaire and demographic items. BMD of L4 was measured by Dual Photon Absor photiometry. The sample ranged in age from 40 to 82 years (Mean=60.28). Eighty-one percent were married and 14.9% were widowed. Forty-four percent lived with spouse and children. Excercise, diet, medication, alcohol consumption, and smoking were measured to investigate the life style. Fifty-seven percent of the subjects exercised regularly. Mountain climbing, brisk walking, and free gymnastics were frequently cited exercises by the subjects in the study. Sixty percent drank one cup of milk and 34.7% had 1.13 cups of coffee in a day. Thirty-nine percent used calcium supplements, 9.5% drank alcohol, and 3.2% smoked cigarettes. Economic status and education level were related to self-efficacy. Age, Economic status, and education level were related to BMD. As a life style, exercise, diet(milk, ice cream, and coffee), and medication(calcium) were associated with self-efficacy. The subjects who exercised regularly and took calcium supplements for a longer time had a higher level of self-efficacy that those who did not. Smoking and alcohol consumption had no relationship with self-efficacy. Excercise, Medication(calcium), and alcohol consumption were related to BMD. The subjects who took calcium supplements for a longer time had a higher level of BMD. Alcohol consumption was not related to self-efficacy but related to BMD. The subject who drank alcohol had a higher level of BMD than those who did not drink. The amount of alcohol consumption was positively related to BMD.

The purpose of the study was to test the effect of the health promotion program in middle women. The research design was a quasi experimental, nonequivalent control-group pretest-posttest design. The data were collected from February 24 to April 14, 1988. The subjects were midlife women, age 40 to 50 years who reside in Chonju city. The experimental group consisted of 41 subjects and the control group 40 subjects. The instruments used for the study were the Self Efficacy Scale and the Health Promotion Behavior Scale developed by Park(1995). The data was analyzed by SPSS/PC. The study result were as follows: Through the 7 week education program for health promotion, self efficacy and health behavior were effectively changed in middle-aged.

The purse of this to identify whether ethical values of Korean nurses are deontological or utilitarian. Nurse's ethical value questionnaire was developed from review of the literature and inter view of nurses in the clinical settings. Ethical problems are categorized into four areas 1) human life 2) nurse-patient relationship 3) nurse-nursing task relationship 4) nurse-collegue relationship. The data were obtained from 250 nurses in the clinical settings from Jun. to July in 1998 using the ethical value questionnaire developed by Lee(1990). The analysis of data was done by Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-test and anova. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The ethical values of human life slightly took up the position of utilitarian. 2. The ethical value of nurse-patient relationship slightly took up deontological position. 3. The ethical value of nurse-nursing task relationship slightly took up the deontological position. 4. The ethical value of nurse-collegue relationship greatly took up the deontological position. 5. The ethical values of nurses related to demographic characteristics of age, marital status, position. Therefore it is suggested that new strategies and continuing education programs be established to help clinical nurses formulate higher ethical values.

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between self-efficacy and self-care of hemodialysis patients. The subjects consisted of 140 hemodialysis patients who underwent hemodialysis at 2 university hospital. The data were collected by used the self-efficacy tool developed by Kim Ju Hyune(1995) and the self-care tool developed by literature review and indepth open openended questions to 10 patients. Also, the questionnaire in cluded phusiologic data which collected through review of the patients' charts. The statistical analysis was used the SPSS program for frequency, mean, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation. The results were as follows: 1. The mean score for general self-efficacy of hemodialysis patients was 3.103(1-4point) and there were significant differences according to perceived health. The mean score for specific self-efficacy of hemodialysis patients was 3.113 (1-4point) and there were significant differences according to perceived health, side effects and complications which related hemodialysis. 2. The mean score for self-care of hemodialysis patients was 3.822(1-5point) and there were significant differences according to marital status and economic level. 3. The relationship between general self-efficacy and self-care was a positive correlation(P=.000). The relationship between specific self-efficacy and self-care was a positive correlation(P=.000). In conclusion, this study revealed the level of self-efficacy and self-care, and the positive correlation between self-efficacy and self-care on hemodialysis patients. Therefore, intervention is needer to promote self-efficacy for self-care of hemodialysis patients. Considering the vulnerable self-care area same as checking blood pressure and weight, fluid restriction, social adjustment, exercise and rest, further studies should develop self-efficacy promoting programs for self-care of hemodialysis patients.

The purpose of this study was to develop an education program for hospice care and to examine the effect of program. The education program for hospice care was developed based on the philosophy and principle of Hospice and integrated with various professional areas related to the problems with witch terminal patients and their family might be associated. The program was continued for 16 weeks and consisted of lectures and practices. The courses of this program were The Concept and Principle of Hospice, The Role of the Hospice Nurse, The Characteristics of Terminal Disease, Physical Care in Terminal Patients, Death Orientation, Psychological care for Terminal Patients, Spiritual care for Terminal Patients, and Care for the Family. To identify the effect of the education program for hospice care, the difference in death orientation of subjects between the pre and post performance of the education program was examined using the t-test. The finding of this statistic indicated that this education program for hospice care was effective in terms of changing the death orientation of subjects with positive direction. The education program for hospice care was performed several times at Kwangrim Hospice Missionary, Chungbuk University Hospital, and Wooam Church. Case studies were reported for a description after the performance of education. put this at the beginning 8 the sentence. In conclusion, the education program for hospice care was developed effectively. Therefore, this program should be used to educate and activate the subjects in community to be participants in hospice care.

The purse fo this study was to examine the predictors of burnout among informal caregivers of older adults. One hundred thirty seven caregivers of who had provided care to older adults over 60 years of age for more than one month were included in the study. Most of the caregivers where white (91%) and female (78%). mean ages of the caregivers were 64 years and 78% of them were married. Seventy percent of the older adults suffered from Alzheimer and related disease. In this study, caregivers and related disease. In this study, caregivers reported that they experience burnout once a month. The scores of emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment of the caregivers were in the moderate burnout rang. To examine the predictors of burnout, discriminant analysis was used. Caregivers were divided by two groups based on the sum of score (cutpoint=6) on three dimensions of burnout after each dimension was categorized into high(3), moderate(2), and low(1). Nine predictors were include in the analysis: Caregiver's age, employment status, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) of the older adult, presence of dementia of the older adult, caregiver's empathy toward the older adult(emotional and cognitive), and 3 coping strategies (negative, problem-focused, cognitive reconstructioning). Catefgivers who reported high burnout showed higher cognitive empathy toward the adults than those who showed low burnout. Caregivers who experienced high burnout used negative coping more often, and cognitive reconstructioning coping and problem focused coping less often than their counterparts. Wilks' Lambda was .78 indicating that their differences between the two groups were signigicant. Cognitive empathy and cognitive reconstructioning coping showed high standardized canonical discriminant function coefficients over .40. Discriminant function with 9 predictors correctly classified 71% of the sample. In conclusion, informal caregivers also experienced certain level of burnout. Cognitive empathy and coping strategies predicted burnout experience of the caregivers. Based on this study, nursing intervention to the informal caregovers to improve their cognitive empathy toward the older adults and to modify their coping strategies in way to reduce burnout experience can be applied. Further research to develop effective nursing interventions for the purpose of reducing burnout experience by modifying predictors was suggested.

This study aims at examining the correlations between waist-hip ratio, body fat, BMI, relative body weight and serum lipids by men and women in 40's and 50's. The subjects were 412 adults, who had regular health examinations between January and December of 1996 at S-Hospital in Seoul. The data were analyzed using unpaired t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results were as follows: 1. The group of men had higher levels in waist-hip ratio, BMI, body weight, triglyceride, total cholesterol / HDL-cholesterol ratio, LDL-cholesterol / HDL-cholesterol ratio than the group of women. The group of women had higher levels in body fat and HDL-cholesterol than the group of men. 2. In the group of men, waist-hip ratio more significantly correlated to serum lipids than body fat and BMI. In the group of women, body fat, BMI and relative body weight was more significantly correlated to serum lipids than waist-hip ratio.

The main purposes of this study were to determine the interval between the onset of symptoms of myocardial infarction and treatment-seeking time and identify the factors related to the interval time. This study used a retrospective design, The sample consisted of 45 patients aged over 30 who were diagnosed with an acute myocardial infarction at two large university affiliated medical center from September 1, 1997 to June 30, 1998. Data was collected by using questionnaires, which included demographic data, premonitory clinical signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction, and a measure of the severity of the signs and symptoms. Also semi-structured interviews and chart reviews were used to obtain information related to treatment seeking time. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. The most frequent premonitory clinical symptom was chest pain(92.9%), the second, was perspiration(81.0%), and the next were nausea(40.5%) and dyspnea(38.1%). Thirty two patients reported having more than four premonitory signs and symptoms. Patients described the characteristics of chest pain as "something very heavy pressing down "(26.2%), "felt like my chest would burst"(24.4%), or "sharp pain"(16.7%). Over 95% of the sample reported having chest pain. 2. Twenty two (52.4%) patients reported to have "very severe" premonitory pain. 3. The mean time interval between the onset of signs and symptoms and the arrival at the medical center was 6.39+/-0.80 hours in 42 samples, the mean time from the onset to arrival at a local hospital was 3.27+/-.39 hours and for transfer from a local hospital to the medical center was 4.75+/-.87 hours in patients who had arrived at medical center via local hospital. 4. The severity of premonitory signs and symptoms did not differ significantly according to existence of premonitory signs and symptoms. 5. There was no significant relationship between treatment-seeking time and age, gender, marital status, economic status, occupation, or residence. But education had significant relationship(r=-0.51, p=0.01). Analysis of difference of the time interval according to the premonitory signs and symptoms showed that the time was shorter in patients who experienced nausea or dysnea(U=115.50, p=0.01, U=132.00, p=0.04), however the severity of premonitory signs and symptoms did not have statistical significance.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of routine meatal care on the reduction of catheter-associated urinary tract infection(UTI). The study was carried out on 30 patients with foley catheters in an intensive care unit of a general hospital from September 30 to April 1, 1998, Participants were both male and female. Data were collected from each patients by urinary specimen obtained with aseptic collection technique at the 3rd and the 7th day of the experiment, after giving daily meatal care with 10% betadine for periods ranging from 1st to 7th day to the experimental group but not to the control group. The results are as follows: 1. The rate of urinary tract infection within the experimental group was 0.0%, at the 3rd day of the experiment and 20.0% at the 7th day, but that of the control group was 20.0%at the 3rd day and 7% at the 7th day. There was a significant difference in urinary tract infection rate between the two groups at the 3rd day but no significant difference at the 7th day. 2. In the control group, the rate of UTI was 0.7% for male and 13.3% for female at the 3rd day, and 6.7% for male and 40% for female at the 7th day. In the experimental group, the rate of UTI was 6.7% for male and 0.0%for female at the 3rd day and 13.3% for male and 20% for female at the 3rd day and 13.3% for male and 20% for female at the 7th day of experiment. There was a no significant difference between male and female. 3. By comparing the rate of UTI to the length of time the urinary catheter was in place, the linger the catheter was in place the more significant was the rate of UTI. 4. Microorganisms isolated in the control group were bacteria for 7 cases and fungus for 3 cases but in the experimental group, only 2 cases of bacteria were isolated.

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships among health promoting behaviors, Health Locus of Control(HLOC), and response patterns to Hloc in Korean elderly. The sample was composed of 162 healthy elderly ranging in age from sixties to eighties. The instruments foe this study were modified Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (45 items, 4 scales), and Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (18 items). For the in data analysis, SPSS PC+program was utilized for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, t-test, ANOVA, and Stepwise multiple regression. The results of the study are as follows: 1. The total mean score for the HPLP was 2.411(range 1-4), and the mean scores on the subscales were 3.324 for nutition, 2.709 for interpersonal support, 2.495 for exercise, 2.225 for health responsibility, 2.205 for exercise, 2.225 for health responsibility, 2.205 for self actualization, 2.026 for stress management. 2. The mean scores patterns of the HLOC identified eight types, pure internal, pure powerful others, pure chance, double external, believers in control, yea sayer, nay sayer and complex control, the "believers in control"was the largest group(22.8%), and "yea sayer" was the next largest group(17.9%). The "nay ayer"(5%) was the smallest group. 3. Demographic variables, such as education, economic status, religion and the perception of the health status showed strong connections to health promoting behaviors. 4. Demographic variables, such as education, economic status, religion and the perception of the health status showed strong connections to health promoting behaviors. 5. The HLOC-I and health promoting behavior were correlated positively(r=.165, P=.017), but the HLOC-P, the HLOC-C and the health promoting behavior were not correlated at the level of statistical significance. 6. There was not significant difference in health promoting behavior depending on the response patterns of the HLOC(F=1.171, P=.108). But, There were significant differences in two subscales of health promoting behavior : exercise(F=3.279, P=.002), and stress management (F=3.165, P=.003). 7. Education, the perception of the health and economic status explained 21.0% of the variance for health promoting behaviors. These results suggest that several demographic factors are important factors in predicting the level of health promoting behaviors in elderly. So to enhance the health promoting behaviors, nurses should use the different nursing strategies depending on the demographic characters of the elderly.

An explanatory design was employed to identify the relationship of physical, emotional & social readjustment and social support of post hospitalized stroke patients and their caregiver. A convenient sample of 254 patients who given follow-up care at the outpatient department after discharge and 225 caregivers were recruited. Mental Status Questionnaire(MSQ), Social Support Inventory Stroke Survivors(SSISS), Illness intrusiveness(II), Instument Activity of Daily Living(IADL), Center of Epidnmilogic Studies-Depression(CES-D), social activity and caregiver burden were used for measurement in this study. Results showed patient's physical level measured by IADL and psychological level measured by depression were high. But social activity was low. Cognitive function, depression & social activity were not significantly different by the posthospitalized period, but IADL was. The source of professional support was mostly the physician at the outpatient department. The family support was found significantly related to patient's depression & social activity and caregiver's subjective related to patient's IADL & depression. ILLness intrusiveness as a mediating variable was a significantly predicting power on patient's IADL & depression. The path analysis was used to identify the variables to predict the physical, emotional, and social status of patients, the physical, emotional, and cognitive function, illness intursiveness and professional support significantly predicted the level of siveness and family support significantly predicted the level of depression ; and patient's age and family support significantly predicted the level of social activity of posthospitalized stroke patients. Based upon these results, the rehabilitation programs to reduce the illness intrusiveness and improve cognitive function were recommended for the readjustment of the stroke patients. This model of the readjustment of the posthospitalized stroke patients is recommended as the framework for care of the stroke patients.

Accidents are the leading cause of death in children worldwide. The purpose of this study is to use basic data of safety education, counseling, and information available regarding accident prevention to examine the degree of mother's accident prevention practices for their children. Data were collected from June to October, 1998 from 587 mothers including 2 University hospitals located in Seoul and KyoungKi-Do. By using the 30 item questionnaire, which was created by researchers through literature review, the degree of mothers' accident prevention practices for their children was measured. The degree of accident prevention practices of mothers shown ranged 70-118 and averaged 3.19. Compared to the composit area average score, drug keeping had the highest score of 3.57. The next highest scores and traffic safety(3.41), and super vision of child(3.30). Prevention against burning was the lowest point at 2.58. With the respect to the demographic characteristics, there were statistically significant differences in the mothers' education(F=4.291, p=.014), type of residence(F=3.979, p=.008), and child developmental age(F=5.275, p=.001). The degree of accident prevention practices of mothers were relatively high. But the area which showed the low degree of accident prevention practices, required nurses' active education, counseling, social interest and support, and mass media participation.

Stroke is a major cause of death and long-term disability. Because muscle weakness is one of the most prominent consequences of stroke, it was considered important to determine whether exercise if order to improve muscle strength and range of motion could have an effect in limiting the learned disuse of the affected side. The purpose of the study was to identify the effects of an 8 week rehabilitation program on physical and cognitive ability in stroke patients. A total of 18 patients who were admitted to the oriental medicine unit of a K medical center in Seoul were recruited : Ten for the experimental group and eight for the control group. The rehabilitation program consisted of three level's of active and passive exercises for prevention of muscle contracture and at range of motion. Muscle strength, flexibility of the upper and lower extremity, perceived balance, functional independence, depression, and quality of life for the two groups were compared at the pretest and 4 and 8 weeks after the rehabilitation program. The results are as follows: 1) When measuring muscle strengths of shoulder abduction and elbow flexion, hip flexion and knee extensor, ankle dorsi-flexor and muscle strength of knee flexor. Muscle strength of knee flexor for the experimental group was significantly higher than the comparison group at the 4 weeks. 2) Muscle strength and flexibility of the ankle dorsi-flexor for the experimental group was significantly better than for the control group at 8 weeks. 3) Functional independence, perceived balance, and Tinetti balance for the experimental group as measured at 4 and 8 weeks were better than for the control group. Also, there were changes over time in physical balance and functional ability, but there was no significant differences between the groups. 4) The experimental group showed a higher quality of life and lower depression than the control group at 8 weeks. 5) Muscle strength and flexibility of ankle dorsi-flexor were significantly changer over time and an interaction between group and time. The findings suggested that the rehabilitation program would improve the physical and psychological status of the stroke patients. Thus, the gains in actual or perceived ability to perform physical activities was marked.

The increased potential for the lifespan of a child with cancer is largely due to advance in drug treatment, radiation treatment, and surgical techniques. In this generation cancer has become associated with chronic illness. Therefore supportive nursing intervention for children with cancer is needed to promote normal growth and development. This study was designed to develop and test the supportive nursing intervention program for promoting body image and self-esteem of children with cancer. The supportive nursing intervention program involved emotional, physical, informational, and social support. The subjects were 41 children with cancer(20 in intervention group, 21 in control group) in K city. Measurements were taken concerning body image and self-esteem from both groups during pre and post test. The data were analyzed using Cronvach's alpha, x2-test, paired t-test and t-test. The results were as follows: The intervention group had a more positive body image as measured by the Body Cathexis Scale(t=2.436, p=.020) and a more self esteem as measured by the Cpopersmith self-inventory (t=2.768, p=.009) than the control group at post test. According to this study, the supportive nursing intervention program was effective for promoting the body image and self-esteem of children with cancer. Repeated research is needed to develop a refined supportive nursing intervention program for children with chronic illness.

This study was to find out the perception of toward death and caring behavior of lay parsons in one community : One Island in Pusan County, Chonbuk. The methodology of this study was ethnography. For this study, The fieldwork was conducted from October 1997 to July 1998. Data collected by in-depth interview and participant observations. The participants consisted of were 17 persons of both sexes. The key informants were four specific people. The result of this study is as follows; The people perceived two different kinds of death. Normal death, which means death from old age. The person was respected as an ancestor God and was believed to exist forever with their offspring. Abnormal death was regarded as negative, many had fears toward this king of death. The causes of abnormal death were supernatural phenomena and had absolute holy meanings. Whether death was good or bad, The death was not personal, but collective events as family or community affairs and was interpreted as death and birth for their offsprings. Funeral rites were family-centered and/or community-centered. The did normal procedures for normal deaths for abnormal deaths, there were many protective ceremonies(BuJungmagi : the prevention of the taboo of uncleanliness) for the remaining people. These ceremonies combined confucism and shamanism. Caring behavior for dying persons was ruled as community-centered, reciprocal and reality-centered principles.

Promoting women's health lifestyles are important due to their connection to family health. The purpose of this study was to analyse women's health lifestyles(HLP) and their effects on women's life-cycle, so in order to develop a program in a women's health care center. The subjects included were 1080 women over 18 years old living in Wonju city, and were selected by stratified and purposive sampling. The data were collected through a questionnaire and interview. The Cronbach alpha, %, mean, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and regression in SPSS PC Win. package was used to analyze the data. The sample was sepernted into three groups premarital group 20.2%(premarital women between 18 and 40 years old), delivery and children rearing group 49.9%(marital women between 18 and 40 years old), over middle agedelderly group 29.9%(women over 41 years old). Significant difference were found in the HPL according to group. Also, relating variables, such as self-efficacy, family functions, health locus of control and gender role perception that were considered relating variables to HPL significantly differed among the tree groups. HLP significantly correlated with self-efficacy, family functions, HLOC and gender role perception in all participants and at all groups. The regression analysis of HPL was interpreted 40.6% with relating variables, self-efficacy, health attention, family functions, and internal locus of control, health perception, power other locus of control and chance locus of control in all participant. Self-efficacy, family functions, health attention were considered important variables in premarital group, self-efficacy, family functions, internal locus of control, health attention, health perception and power of control were important in delivery-rearing group. Self-efficacy, health attention, internal locus of control, family functions and health perception were important in middle aged-elderly group. As a result, we found the differences HPL scores and relating variables according to life-cycle groups. Therefore, we should prepare health promoting education programs for women according to women's life cycles. Also we suggest that women's health care centers based on communities was needed for proper management of women's health.

The purpose of this study was to define the content of physiological knowledge needed for clinical nursing practices. Subjects of physiology were classified into 15 areas, and each area was further classified into subareas, resulting in a total of 194 subareas. The degree of importance of each subarea was measured with a 4-point scale. The subjects of this study were 179 nurses of two university hospitals located in Seoul and Inchon. The results were as follows: 1. The areas of physiology necessary for clinical nursing practice as a basic knowledge in the order of importance were : blood, respiratory system and renal physiology , function of the immune system, body fluid and cardiovascular system, body temperature, endocrine physiology and gastrointestinal physiology. However, the degree of importance for reproductive physiology, neurophysiology, energy and metabolism, cell and cell membrane physiology, muscular physiology and special sense was relatively low. 2. The most important content of physiology for all clinical areas in nursing was blood physiology. However, the degree of importance for each physiology area was different depending on clinical areas. 3. Subareas of physiology as a basic knowledge for clinical practice and education in nursing were blood transfusion, blood type, function of red blood cell, white blood cell and platelet, characteristics and function of hemoglobin, composition and function of hemoglobin, composition and function of plasma protein, and mechanism and function of plasma protein, and mechanism of blood coagulation and anticoagulation. In conclusion, areas of physiology necessary for clinical nursing practice were blood, respiratory system and renal physiology, function of immune, body fluid and cardiovascular system, body temperature, endocrine physiology and gastrointestinal physiology. However, the degree of importance for each physiology area was different depending on clinical areas in nursing.

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of the supportive nursing intervention program on Burden and Quality of Life in Mothers of Children with Nephrotic Sybdrome. The data were collected from a group of 67 mothers of nephrotic syndrome patients(34 in the intervention group, 33 in the control group) from July 1, 1998 to Dec, 30, 1988, Measurements were burden and quality of life from both groups at pre and post intervention. The supportive nursing educational program consists of individual lectures and discussion at the individual level. Listed are the summarized result: 1. The intervention group had a lower level of burden (p<0.05) than the control group intervention. 2. The level of quality of life was not significant during the intervention. According to this study a developed supportive musing intervention program is effective for reduction of the burden. For future research, it is necessary that experiments concerning quality of life in mothers of children with nephrotic syndrome, be conducted.