The purpose of this study was to investigate the stress response of nurses working on psychiatric wards (psychiatric nurses) compared with that of nurses working on general wards (general nurses) in order to provide assessment data for intervention of the stress response. The Symptoms of Stress Inventory was used to measure the stress response. Data were collected by a direct survey method using a questionnaire and were collected from March first to March 30, 1995. A sample of 200 nurses working in three psychiatric hospitals and psychiatric wards in four university hospitals in Seoul and Kangwon province were selected and 200 nurses working on general wards from two general hospitals in Seoul were also selected for a total sample of 400 nurses. Nurses who had experienced more than one of the major life events in the last two years were excluded from the total number in the samples, so the final sample was 161 psychiatric nurses, and 169 general nurses. The Scores for the total stress response, scores of the SOS subscales, stress response by sociodemographic characteristics of the nurses working on the psychiatric wards were compared with those of nurses working on the general ward. The results of this investigation are as follows 1. The mean total SOS score for the psychiatric nurse was 0.81(SD=0.48) and that of the general nurses was 0.90 (SD=0.53). 2. The Mean score for peripheral manifestation, central-neurological symptoms, gastro-intestinal symptoms, muscle tension, habitual patterns, depression, anxiety, anger and cognitive disorganization for the general nurses showed a tendency to be higher than those of the psychiatric nurses. Mean score for cardiopulmonary symptoms for the general nurses was significantly higher than that of the psychiatric nurses. 3. The mean scores for the sixteen SOS items for the general nurses was significantly higher than for the psychiatric nurses. The 16 items were flushing of the face, sweating excessively even in cold weather, thumping of the heart, rapid breathing, dry mouth, a choking lump in the throat, hoarseness, muscle tension in hands or arm, muscle tension in leg, working tiring one out completely, severe aches and pain make it difficult to do the work, severe nervous exhaustion, worrying about health, feeling weak and faint, so upset that one wants to hit something, unable to keep thoughts from running through one's mind. The mean score of only SOS item were significantly higher for the psychiatric nurses. 4. Stress responses between psychiatric nurses and general nurses were significantly different according to the following demographic characteristics; marriage, duration of work, position, accommodation, planning to move into another working site, working ward, education in psychiatric nursing.

There is a need to investigate folk remedies used by patients with breast cancer because there is little information about the subject, even though many Korean women with breast cancer have used folk remedies during and after their treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate and describe the phenomena and the meaning of folk remedies in order to better understand patients with breast cancer and to suggest directions for comprehensive nursing care. The Questions for the study were as follows: What kinds of folk remedies do patients with breast cancer use? What are the routes of knowing about folk remedies in patients with breast cancer? What are the patterns of the usage of the folk remedies? Why do patients with breast cancer use folk remedies? What are the meanings of folk remedies to patients with breast cancer? To answer these questions, a qualitative research method was used. Thirty-nine patients were recruited from university teaching hospitals from March, 1993 to November 1994. Many of them underwent either modified radical mastectomy or received various adjuvant therapy including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy. Data were collected by in-depth interviews, observations, medical records, and analyzed step-by-step using qualitative analysis. The results were as follows: 1. Patients with breast cancer have used many different kinds of folk remedies. 2. Patients with breast cancer did not know the exact effects of the folk remedies. Also the effects could not be exactly proven by the patients. 3. Patients with breast cancer received information about many kinds of folk remedies through various communication systems, such as other patients, their families and relatives, friends, and many types of mass media. 4. To use the folk remedies was one kind of illness behavior that was used by these patients. 5. Folk remedies were used to deal with not only anxiety by the patients themselves but also as the expression of affection and concern by families and relatives. 6. The use of folk remedies was one of the adaptation behaviors in patients with breast cancer whose disease was in the terminal stage. Based on the above findings, one suggestion was made: To continue further studies on folk remedies used by other patients with cancer in order to further explain health and illness behavior of Korean people.

The purpose of this study was to compare Korean and American women as to the perception of their newborns, and to assess factors contributing to a positive mother-infant relationships. American mothers were with their own newborns in the same rooms and could feed and take care of them if they wanted, but Korean mothers were separated from their babies. The subjects of this study were 86 Korean and 86 American primiparas within two-three days after delivery. Data were collected from May to August 1994, using the Neonatal Perception Inventory (NPI) devised by Broussard(1963) with additions by Lee, Ja Hyung(l986). The results of this study are as follows; 1. There was a significant difference in the mothers' perceptions of their babies according to mothers' age(P<0.05, P<0.01). Mothers of 20 years and downward had negative perceptions of their babies. 2. There was no difference in the mothers' perceptions of their babies according to whether they had a job or not. 3. There was a significant difference in the mothers' perceptions of their newborns according to mothers' education level (P<0.01). Mothers graduated from a junior high school had negative perceptions of their babies. 4. There was no difference in the mothers' perceptions according to their feeding pattern. 5. There was a significant difference between Korean mothers' perceptions and American mothers' perceptions of their babies(P<0.01). 69.7% of Korean mothers and 44.1% of American mothers had positive perceptions. But Korean mothers perceived that it would be more difficult for them to take care of their babies. As seen above, Korean primiparas evaluated their babies higher than Americans. But they perceived that it would be more difficult for them to take care of their babies. The results suggest that there needs a rooming-in system and systematic prenatal educations for the primiparas in Korea.

This study was done to determine direct and indirect nursing time in nursing units in hospital to applied computer system and expect that those results contribute to measure efficiency of nursing practice and planning of nursing manpower. The design for study was a descriptive study. The study results are as follows. 1. Patients admitted to the Internal Medicine and General Surgery units were grouped into four: Group I, 32.9% of the total patients, consisted patients whose condition was considered minor: Group II, 26.1%, was of those whose condition was considered moderate, Group III, 41. 8%, moderate severe and Group IV, 29.2% the most severe. 2. Nursing intervention times by care type were as follows: four minutes spent for suction, eight minutes, for simple position change, ten minutes, for sheet change, seven minutes for a hot or cool compress, six minutes for dressing change, four minutes for I.M.injection, six minutes for patient health education and five minutes for body temperature check. 3. Direct care time by patient group revealed the following: Group I rquired 191.4 minutes, Group II required 331.1 minutes, Group III rquired 499.4 minutes, and Group IV rquired 1328.0 minutes. 4. The ratio of time for adequate nursing care and direct care time in the Internal Medicine and General Surgery units was 67.4%-83.4% and 94.7%-99.3% in the Intensie Care Unit. 5. Average daily direct care time per patient was 5.5 hours in the Internal Medicine unit and 11.5 hours in the Intensive Care Unit. 6. Time spent in indirect care was 48.3 minutes for computer recording, 34.8 minutes for giving and receiving patient information for shift duty, 28.0 minutes for eating and resting time, 26.6 minutes for transfering and identifying patients, 25.6 minutes for identifying Doctor's order, 23.9 minutes for recording vital signs. 7. Time spent in indirect care was 282.2 minutes by head nurses (charge nurses), 258.7 minutes by nurses and 261.6 minutes by nurse aids. 8. The average nurse's workload was 9.3 hours and daily indirect nursing time required 46.3%-50. 5% of above mentioned workload time. 9. The average daily indirect care time per patient was expected to be 57.7 minutes in the Internal Medicine unit and 3.3 hours in the Intensive Care Unit.

This research was done to promote improvement of practical application of nursing diagnoses and to improve the quality of nursing. The subjects of this research were 156 second year students of C junior nursing college who were giving adult patient care. The nursing diagnoses of 312 reports were analyzed using NANDA. In these case reports only nursing diagnoses were considered, of which there were a total of 982. In the data analysis the 944 of the nursing students' nursing diagnoses matched with 105 NANDA nursing diagnoses. Of these, the most frequent diagnoses were pain(165, 17.48%), anxiety(101, 10.70%), alteration in nutrition(83, 8.79%), sleep disturbance(67, 7.10%), in activity intolerance(67, 7.10%), ineffective breathing pattern(51, 5.40%). The etiology for the students' nursing diagnoses were compared with NANDA's nursing diagnoses by frequency. The most frequent etiology for the nursing diagnoses of pain was a biological etiology(50, 31%), for anxiety, situation crisis(58, 57.43%), for alteration in nutrition, indigesion(23, 27.71%), for sleep disturbance, external etiology (25, 37.32%), for activity intolerance, immobile position (22, 32.84%), for ineffective breathing pattern, pain (35, 68.63%), and for impaired physical mobility, pain (31, 65. 96%). The most frequent etiology for constipation was inadquate digestion of water and cellulose (16, 34. 78%), for fluid volume deficity, loss of body fluid (21, 52.50%), for impaired skin integrity, external etilogy(16, 43.24%), for impaired physical mobilty, pain(22, 62.86%), for knowledge deficits, cognition disturbance(9, 27.27%), for ineffective air way clearance, secretion obstruction (14, 48.27%), for impaired gas exchange, loss of transport ability of blood oxygen (9, 37.50%), and for powerlessness, therapy environment (5, 22.73%). The number of nursing diagnoses by pattern was exchange(16), moving(6), feeling(4), choosing(4), relating(3), communication(1), perceiving(l), kno-wing(l), valuing(l).

The purpose of this study was to develop a home health care model in the public health system and to test the effectiveness of the model. Seven community health practitioners in Yon-Cheon county, Kyunggi province, carried out home health care service for this research. The subjects of the home health care were a total of 111 community residents with chronic health problems and risk-prone infants and children: 29 persons with hypertension, 18 persons with diabetes, 12 persons with neurologic problems, 12 elderly, and 40 infants and children. During the period of study, from December, 1993 to March, 1995, a demonstrative home health care model was developed in the Yon-Cheon County community health centers with the cooperation of the Yon-Cheon Medical Center and Yon-Cheon Public Health Center for the first six months. A home care practice manual and recording system for home visits were also co-developed by the researchers and community health practitioners. Four workshops and monthly conferences were held for this purpose. Actual home care practice took place for two months, and on-going evaluation and replanning accompanied this process. The result of the evaluation of home care service were as follows. 1) For persons with hypertension, diabetes, neurologic problems, there was significant improvement in knowledge of disease and care, but no significant difference was seen in health behavior or symptoms after home care service. 2) No significant difference was seen in level of self esteem or depression after reminiscence therapy among 12 elderly subjects. 3) There were significant differences in satisfaction toward child rearing and parental support, but no significant difference in education needs for parental role after home care service among parents of infants and children. 4) There was significant improvement in the quality of life among the subjects after the home care service. 5) Subjects responded that they were highly satisfied with the home care service given by the community health practitioners. Although, the actual implementation period was very short, and not all of the evaluation outcomes showed significant improvement, the home health care model of community health practitioners was, in general, positively evaluated. Through this research, the possibility of community health practitioners working as active home care personnel in the public health care system is supported. Further research with an expanded area and subjects for a longer period is recommended. Cost effectiveness research is also needed.

The purpose of this study was to contribute to family nursing aimed at reducing stress and improving the coping abilities of parents with kindergarten or early primary school aged children. Data were col lected through self-reported questionnaires over a period of one month between November 1994 and December 1994 in the Kyoung-in area. The subjects consisted of 198 parents(99 mothers and 99 fathers) of children attending 1 elementary school and 2 kindergartens. The levels of general stress and of parental role stress were measured with the General stress scale and the Parental role stress scale, respectively, while the Coping scale was used to measure the level of coping. The data were analyzed by a SAS program using paired t-test and oneway ANOVA. The results were as follows; 1. The level of general stress was significantly higher in mothers than in fathers. Mothers experienced significantly greater level of parental role stress than fathers did. In contrast, fathers revealed significantly greater scores in coping than mothers. 2. General stress experienced by fathers was dif-ferent according to education, occupation, health status, satisfaction with family life and support from spouse. Occupation, health status, satisfaction with family life, satisfaction with spouse and support from spouse influenced parental role stress experienced by fathers. There was no correlation between level of coping and general characteristics. 3. In mothers, the level of general stress was different according to their health status, family type, and number of children, while parental role stress was related to satisfaction with family life, satisfaction with spouse and family type. There was no correlation between level of coping and general characteristics. The above findings indicate that the mothers did not develop more coping strategies than the fathers, despite their experience of greater stress than the fathers. Hence, nursing intervention for managing stress and improving coping abilities should be provided for mothers. In particular, fathers should actively participate in parenting, and support their spouse.

This study was conducted to identify the attitude of ethical dilemmas in hospital nurses. Ethical dilemmas were categorized into four areas: human life area, clients area, nursing practice area, and nurses-co-worker area. 354 nurses working in clinical settings were selected in Seoul and Kangwon area. Data were gathered from 26, June to 10, July, 1994 by structured guestionnaires. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the data. The results obtained from data were as follows: 1) In human life area mean score was 3.03. This area showed remarkabale individual differences between utilitarian and deonto-logical position. 2) In clients area mean score was 3.94. It means that nurses tend to take a deonto-logical position. 3) In nursing practice area mean score was 3.41. It means that nurses tend to take a slightly deontological position. 4) In nurses-co-worker area mean score was 3. It means that nurses tend to take a deont-ological position. To conclude, clinents area, nursing practice area, and nurses-co-worker area taken deontological position. Most nurse's primary concern was the 'welfare of the patients' which is to fundamental ethical professional practice. But nurses experienced more ethical dilemmas in human life area than others. Therefore, nurses should be prepared to make independent decision that based on bio-ethics and professional ethics.

Human health is an integral part of experience in the process of Human Becoming. Through continual interaction with the environment human beings freely choose experience and develop as responsible beings. The process of the health experience of patient with terminal cancer is a unique. The objective of this study is to understand the lived experience of patients with terminal cancer in order to provide basic information for nursing care in the clinical setting and to develop a theoretical background for clinical practice. This study is to describe and define the lived experience of patients with terminal cancer in order to provide a foundation for nursing research and education. Data collection has been done between December 1993 and November 1994. The subjects included five persons-four females and one male: one who was in her sixties, one in his fifties, two in their forties, and one who was in her thirties. The researcher has met with these patients 35 times, but at eight times the patient was in a stuporous condition and not able to participate, so these were not included in the data analysis. Parse's "Human Becoming Methodology", an existential phenomenological research methodology is used for this study. Data has been collected using the dialogical engagement process of "I and You", the participant researcher and the participant subject. Dialogical engagement was discontinued when the data was theoretically saturated. Data was analyzed using the extraction-synthesis and heuristic interpretation. The criteria of Guba and Lincoln (1985), and Sandelowski(1986): credibility, auditability, fitness and objectivity were used to test the validity and reliability of the data. The following is a description of the structure of the lived experience of patients with terminal cancer as defined by this study: 1. Structure: 1) Suffering through the reminiscence of past experience 2) The appearance of complex emotions related to life and connectedness 3) The increasing importance of significant people and of the Absolute Being 4) The increasing realization of the importance of health and belief 5) Desire for a return to health and a peaceful life or for acceptance of dying and a comfortable death In summary the structure of the lived experience of these patients can be said to be: suffering comes through reminiscence of past experience, and there are complex emotions related to life and connectedness. Significant people and the Absolute Being become increasingly important along with a realization of the importance of health and faith. And finally there is a desire for either a return to health and a peaceful life or for the acceptance of dying and a comfortable death. 2. Heuristic Interpretation: Using Parse's Human Becoming Methodology, the structure of the lived experience of patients with terminal cancer identified in this research is interpreted as: The lived experience of patients with terminal cancer involves the solving of past conflicts, and the experience of the healing and valuing of sorrow and pain. Through the relation of life and health, and the complex emotions that arise, the lived experience of revealing-concealing is of paradoxical emotions. The increasing importance of significant others and of the Absolute Being shows Connecting and Separating an on-going process of nearness and farness. Revision of thoughts about health and faith is interpreted as transforming and desire for restoration to health and a peaceful life or acceptance of dying and a comfortable death, as powering. In summary, it is possible to see, in the lived experience of patients with terminal cancer, the relationship of the five concepts of Parse's theory: valuing, revealing-concealing, connecting-separating, transforming, and powering. From Parse's theory, the results of this study show that meaning is related to valuing, rhythmicity to revealing-concealing and connecting-separating, and cotranscendence to transforming and powering.

Exercises are achievement oriented, the process is frequently perceived as hard and difficult. Participants drop out from exercise programs in the middle of the training period. Dance movement, which is the deliberate and systematic use of movement, is enjoyable during the movement and provides opportunities for persons to express themselves. Regular long term dance movement may induce a training effect with a decreased drop out rate. Dance movement could be one way to attain wellness, however, there have been few studies to evaluate both physiological and psychological aspects of dance movement. This study focused on evaluating the effects of dance movement training on body weight, resting blood pressure and heart rate, limb circumference and strength, stress response and subjective feelings. This quasi-experimental study was designed as a nonequivalent control group pre test-post test study. Ten healthy female subjects, aged between 19 and 31 years volunteered for an eight week dance movement program. Ten healthy female subjects, between 19 and 21 years of age paticipated as controls. None of the subjects had performed regular physical activity for six months prior to the study. Dance movement was created with reference to Heber's movement guide. The Dance movement program consisted of approximately 30 minutes of dance, three days per week, for eight weeks. During each 30 minute work out, there were approximately 5 minutes of warm-up dancing, 20 minutes of conditioning dance and 5 minutes of cool-down dancing. The intensity for the conditioning phase was at between 60% and 65% of age-adjusted maximum heart rates. Body weight, resting blood pressure and heart rate, circumference of mid upper arm, mid thigh and mid calf, muscle strength of upper and lower limb, physical and psychological response to stress were measured prior to, and following the experimental treatment. Body weight was measured by digital weight scale(Kyung In Corp., Korea). Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured by sphygmo-manometer. Resting heart rate was measured for one minute in a relaxed sitting position using the radial artery. Circumference of mid upper arm, mid thigh and mid calf was determined by tape measure. Muscle strength of the upper extremities was measured by a grip dynamometer (Takei Corp. No. 1857, Japan) and that of the extremities was measured by the length of time the leg could be held at 45. Physical and psychological responses to stress were measured using the Symptoms of Stress (SOS) Scale. Paticipants in the dance movement were interviewed by the facilitator following the eight weeks, and their thematic responses about the dance movement were recorded. Following the eight week dance movement training, body weight decreased significantly, circumference of mid thigh and mid calf increased. The length of time leg-raising could be held tended to increase following the dance movement training. Resting systolic and resting heart rate showed a tendency to decrease. Total mean score of stress response tended to decrease, and mean score of habitual patterns, depression, anxiety/fear, anger and cognitive disorganization decreased remarkably following the eight week dance movement. Thematic responses about the dance movement were positive following the training.

This study was designed to identify the relationship of perceived social support on self-esteem and hopelessness in patients with chronic renal failure who are hemodialysis. The subjects of this study were the 50 patients who were registered in the hemodialysis department of the two hospitals. The data were colleced using a questionnaire and The period of the data collection was from August 9 to 16,1993. The instruments for this study were the perceived social support scale designed by Park Ji-Won, the self-esteem scale designed by Rosenberg and the hopelessness scale desinged by Beck et al. The data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The degree of support according to the type of perceived social support ranged down in the following order from high to low: the mean emotional support 21.12, the mean informational support 19.58, the mean appraisal support 17.00, the mean material support 15.22, the mean self-esteem was 32.00 and the mean hopelessness was 60.48. 2. Test for hypothesis; Hypothesis 1, "The higher the level of perceived social support in patients on hemodialysis, the higher their level of self-esteem will be." was not supported(r=.05, p=0.74). Hypothesis 2, "The higher the \evel of perceived social support in patients on hemodialysis, the lower their level of hopelessness will be." was supported(r=-0.53, p=0.00). 3. The relations between general characteristics and the level of perceived social support, self-esteem, and hopelessness; (1) The 'Gender'(P=0.04), 'Occupation'(P=0.04), 'Education'(P=0.00), 'Married state'(P =0.00) 'Duration of Hemodialysis'(P=0.00) and 'Income' (P=0.00) of the subjects were related to perceived social support and showed a statistically significant difference. (2) No general characteristics of the subjects were related self-esteem in a statistically significant way. (3) The 'Education'(P=0.00), 'Income'(P=0.00) of the subjects were related to hopelessness and showed a statistically significant difference. Thus, it is concluded that social support must be included in nursing interventions for patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis.

This research was an attempt to make it possible to provide nursing care and health education meeting the need not of care givers but of patients by identifying the nature of patients' self regulation experiences. The specific objective of this study was; 1) to explore self regulation experiences of patients with adult disease. The phenomenological approach in qualitative studies is used to serve this purpose. Colaizzi's method is used for the phenomenological analysis of the data in this study, which were collected from 25 patients hospitalized in the internal medical ward and oriental medical ward of a Seoul hospital, suffering from adult disease such as hypertension, arteriosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. The research was conducted over a period of March to September, 1994. The investigator conducted participated observations and in-depth unstructured interviews which were audiotaped under the permission of patients. The investigator read the data repeatedly to identify and categorize significant statements, formulating meanings, themes and theme clusters. The result is categorized as follows; Self regulation activities, their barriers and predisposing factors of a disease. Thirteen theme clusters of self regulation activities related to health identified were: "maintaining diet regimen", "maintaining exercise regimen", "maintaining medication regimen", "maintaining oriental medical regimen", "maintaining health monitoring regimen", "maintaining self effort", "maintaining religious life", "maintaining social support systems", "maintaining peaceful mind", "maintaining moderation in life", "maintaining sincere attitude in life", "maintaining natural life", and "maintaining folk remedy". This findings confirm the fact that self regulation is complicatedly and diversely influenced by oriental medicine and folk remedy, and Korean traditional ideas melted in Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Shamanism, and modern medical care and western culture. Seven theme clusters of self regulation barriers identified were: "lack of knowledge and self awareness", "lack of social supports", "lack of awareness of need in continuous regimen and treatment", "dissatisfaction with hospital and health care provider", "lack of self management", "lack of will to combat illness", and "overconfidence in folk remedy". Four theme clusters of predisposing factors of a disease were: "cumulation of stressors", "fatalism", "careless life style", and "family history". In conclusion, this study will prove helpful not only in understanding clients in light of our traditional culture but also in providing them with the kind of nursing care and health education satisfying their demands and particularly cultural needs.

Clinical practice in nursing education provides an opportunity for students, through the process of applying theoretical knowledge to practice, and to learn nursing skills as well as being socialized into nursing and as such decrease the reality shock of actual nursing practice. Because of a shortage of nursing faculty, the job of achieving the objectives of the clinical practice had been turned over to the head nurses. This resulted in many problems, such as, unclear location of responsibilities and inadequate feedback from head nurses. Therefore this study was done to introduce and evaluate the use of preceptors as a way to minimize the above problems, and to maximize the achievement of the clinical practice objectives. Using an adaptation of Zerbe's (1991) three-tiered team model, clinical practice was done using a preceptor, a head nurse and a clinical instructor, each with different and well defined roles. The subjects of this study were 67 senior students of the College of Nursing of Y University in Seoul whose clinical practice in adult nursing was carried out between May 1, 1994 and December 8, 1994. There were 22 preceptors who had at least two years of clinical experience and who were recommended by their head nurses. They were given additional education on the philosophy and objectives of the College of Nursing, on communication skills, on the theory and practice of education, and on nursing diagnosis and education evaluation. The role of the preceptor was to work one-to-one with students in their practice. The role of the head nurse was to supervise and evaluate the preceptors. The role of the clinical instructor was to provide the education program for the preceptors, to provide advice and suggestions to the preceptors and to maintain lines of communication with the college. With each of these roles in place, it was thought that the effectiveness and efficiency of the clinical practice could be increased significantly. To evaluate the effectiveness of the precep-torship, the three-tiered model, Lowery's Teacher Evaluation Opinion Form translated and adapted to Korea was used to measure student statisfaction. The Clinical Practice Compentency Evaluation Tool developed by Lee et al was also used to measure student competencies. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The satisfaction with clinical practice was higher with the introduction of the perceptors than it was before they were used. (t=-5.96, p=<.005) 2. The clinical practice competencies were higher with the introduction of the preceptors than it was before they were used(t= -5.13, p<.005) 3. In order to analyze areas not measured by the quantitative tools additional analysis of the open questions was done. The results of this analysis showed that: 1) The students felt positive about their sense of security, confidence, handling of responsbility, and being systematic. They also felt positive about improvements in knowledge, opportunities for direct care, and socialization. 2) The students felt negative about the technical part of their role, lack of knowledge by the preceptor, unprofessional attitudes on the part of the preceptor, difficulty in the role of the professional nurse (student). 3) The preceptors felt positive about their responsibility, motivation, and relationship with the college. 4) The preceptors felt negative about their burden. Introduction of the preceptorship model will lead to change and improvement in the negative factors discussed above, solve problems in the present clinical education system, increase continuity in the education of the students, help with socialization of the students and motivation of the preceptors to upgrade their education and increase their confidence. These objectives must be obtained to further the development of professional nursing, and thus, making the preceptorship a reality is our job for the future.

No abstract available.