In an attempt to recognize attitudes of teachers and general public toward mental health, 111 teachers of middle and high school and 130 general public were selected for this study from September 6 , 1975 to October 18, 1975. Date were collected through "Mental Health Questionnaire" designed by Nunnally. Results of the study were as follows: 1 . The selected teacher group and general public group revealed almost similar attitudes toward psychotic patients, that is, positive aspects for employment problems and relationship toward other persons. 2, Both teacher group and general public group revealed the same attitudes toward neurotic patients, felt relatively more reliance on them, and showed much more positive attitudes toward neurotic patients than psychotic patients. 3 . Both groups indicated that, for the security of mental health, It is best way to show him the right path and make sure that he follows it. As to mental health, most of the selective subjects consulted with psychiatrist about the problems and obtained the information through books. 4 . Both teacher group and general public group identified mental illness being equal in seriousness to alcoholism or cardiac disease. In case of a close relative living in their home having mental disease, most of them responded to be glad to help him. 5. Both teacher group and general public group revealed intensively negative attitudes toward mental hospital, in order of despair, danger, and filth, while positive attitudes toward psychiatrist.

Amongst varieties of clinical nursing role, the administration of medication is often highlighted as of prime importance. In order to attain data for the improvement of teaching strategies of medication, diagnostic evaluation of the knowledge level is a necessity. This study was performed from August through December 1975. 449 registered nurses, randomly sampled from general hospitals;16 of Seoul and 7 of Taegu and Pusan, were tested through 54 test questionaires based on 4 practical dimensions of administration of medication. Results are as follows; 1. Status of respondents; Length of clinical experiences;the average length revealed to be 2 years and 7 months. 72% revealed to have had less than 3 years of experience;38.6%-less than 1 year, 19 .2%-over 1 year and less than 2 years, and 14. 2%-over 2 years and less than 3 years. Type of Nursing education received;9.4% revealed to have graduated technical high school of nursing, 67.5% the 3 year diploma school and 21.7% the baccalaureate degree program. The knowledge Level; Degree of self-satisfaction on knowledge level revealed that;27. 4% responded to "more or less satisfied", 48.8% to "more or less un-satisfied" and 19.8% to "not satisfied". The average level of basic knowledge revealed to be moderate by 66.95 points. The level of knowledge of 4 questionaire categories revealed that;drug action category by average of 66. 5 points, methodology category by 65. 4 points, safety measure category by 71.4 points and terminology and concepts category by 64.6 points. Questionaire items which revealed high points are of;6 of drug action category, 4 of methodology, 4 of safety measure, and 3 of terminology. The items of low points are;8of drug action, 3 of methodology, 3 of safety measure and 5 of terminolology categories. 3. The type of nursing education revealed to have no significant influence on the level of knowledge on the administration of medication. 4. The length of clinical experience revealed to have no significant influence on the level of knowledge. 5. 75.1% responded that the actual practice of medication modes are similar to that included in the fundamentals of nursing course. 6. In-service education on medication; 54.0% revealed to have some incidental in-service education on medication while 34.0% receive programmed in-service education. 61.8% revealed to have expressed the need of systemic in-service education as one of the means for improvement of medication. 32.7% revealed to obtain information concerning medicine by reading commercial publications on drug package, while only 20.9% by reading specific information channel.

This study was undertaken to obtain information about selected characteristics and the degree of physical disability of patients with a diagnosis of cerebrovascular accident upon their discharge from a general hopsitaL It was hoped that this information would contribute to the assessment of their needs for follow-up nursing care. Nurse's and Physician's Progress Notes of all stroke patients discharged from five general hospitals in Seoul from Jaunary to December 1975 were analysed using a prepard check list. Patients with other complicating diagnosis such as diabetes, tuberculosis or heart disease w-ere excluded from the sample. According to six factors used to grade the total sample of 334 stroke victims degree of physical ability at discharge, 144(43%) of the Survivors had good functional ability, 72(22%) fair. 62(18%) poor, and 57(17%) very poor. Certain clinical diagnosis correlated with the degree of physical ability. Intracranial Hemorrhage and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage tended to be related to poor and very poor outcome categories. There was no significant correlation between age and ability outcome, women had revealed a significantly positive correlation with poor and very poor ability outcomes. The hospitalization period was less than three days for 37.5% of the total group, and more than one month for 4. 7% . Those patients with less than three days hospitalization accounted for the highest relationship with poor and very poor ability outcomes. Of the total groups 175(50.99%), were discharged with a diagnosis of condition improved (though not necessarily with good physical ability). The results suggest serious need for comprehensive follow-up nursing care for stroke survivors discharged a from general hospitals in Seoul

This study attempted to measure personality changes in collegiate nursing students as a result of their psychiatric nursing practice. The study population consisted of 310 students in 8 colleges of nursing in Korea, 96 with psychiatric practice, 103 with other clinical practice and 111 without clinical practice experience. The objectives of the study were to identify: 1. The self-actualization scores of nursing students resulting from psychiatric nursing practice. 2. The self-actualization scores of nursing students resulting from other clinical nursing practice. 3. The difference between scores for students with clinical practice experience and those without experience. 4 . The relevance between self-actualization and sibling order. 5. The relevance between self-actualization and religion. 6. The coefficiency scores for students before and after clinical practice. The instrument used was the Personal Orientation Inventory (POD, developed by Shostrom. It provides a measure of values'and behavior which are thought to be of importance in the development of self-actualization. The main findings of the study were as follows: 1 . There was a significant difference in the Time Competence, Self Regard, and Nature of Man scales resulting from psychiatric nursing practice. 2 . There was a significant difference in the Inner Directed, Existentiality, Feeling Reactivity, Spontaneity, Nature of Man and Capacity for Intimate Contact scales resulting from other clinical nursing practice. 3 . There was a significant difference in the Inner Directed, Feeling Reactivity, Spontaneity, Self- Regard and Capacity for Intimate Contact scales between students with clinical practice and those without practice. 4 . There was a significant difference in the Self-Acceptance scale for both the eldest and the youngest siblings. 5. There was a significant difference in the Time Competence, Inner Directed, Existentiality, Self-Acceptance and Capacity for Intimate Contact scales for middle and youngest siblings, 6. There was a significant difference in the Existentiality scale between students with a religion and those without one.

This study was carried out to collect basic information on the knowledge and attidutes and behavior related to the prevention of breast cancer of a Sample Seoul women. Similar studies had dealt with samples of tumor clinic patients and thier families and with non-professional hospital workers. The sample for this study was drawn by women out patients from eight centrally located general hospitals, in Seoul where the number of annual out patients exceeded 100,000, and the number of beds exceeded 100. The interview schedule conisted 33 questions related to knowledge, attitude, and behavior related to prevention of breast cancer. It was modified from the previous on cancer studies. The investigator interviewed 665 women over 20 years of age, from those who visited these eight hospitals from 24, June to 20, August 1975. More than half of the respondents were housewives and primarily in the 20 to 29 ages group. They had a mean level of 3.562 pregnancies and 1,986 children. 33.4% were high-school graduates, 32.2% had a monthly family income in the 50,000 to 100,000 won range. 75% of the respondents had heard about breast cancer through mass media or personal media, but the majority of respondents did not have an accurate understanding of it. This varied according to educational, economical income and occupations. The primary reason given for maintaining distance from a patient with breast cancer was not because of cancer but simply because person was a patient. 74. 7% of the respondents thought that early cancer of the breast could be cured with early treatment. Only 5.3% of the respondents had ever had a physical examination and only 6. 3% practised self examination of the breast.

Contemporary nursing is concerned with meeting patients physcial, psychological and socio-economical needs and with helping persons to solve their own problems. At the time of confinement and delivery, women often have physical and psychological discomfort related to fear, tension or anxiety. Pain related to these causes varies with the individual woman. Effective nursing care to meet individual needs during labor and delivery is important if nurses are to understand and relieve woman's physical and psychological pain. A questionnaire prepared for the purpose by the investigator was administered to 162 women in two general hospitals, one in Seoul and one in TaeGu, during August 1 and September 20, 1975 and to the 13 delivery-room nurses who cared for them. It was hoped that the study would contribute to comprehensive nursing care during labor and delivery and to improve maternal and child health. 1. The sample of mothers ranged in age from 18 to 39;the majority were from 25 to 29 years old (54.3%). Most of them were housewives (87,6%). Sixty-three percent had high school or higher education. They had a range of one to seven deliveries. Sixty-one percent were primiparas. Most had had some prenatal care (87.6%). 2 . The age of the group of nurses ranged from 22 to 39. Ten were 22 or 23. Five of the 13 had from six to ten months experience in the delivery room. Twelve were single and ten had a religious affiliation. 3 . Both primiparas and multiparas thought equally that physical and psychological care, nursing skills and attitudes were important during labor and delivery, but did not relate basic nursing care directly to normal delivery. Need for nursing care was rated more highly by primiparas (2.83-3.48) than by multiparas (2.51-3.17) (p<0.05). 4 . There was no difference in need for nursing care according to the educational level of the women nor according to whether they had a religious affiliation or not (p>0. 05). 5 . There was no difference in the reported nursing care given regarding of the educational preparation of the nurses (p>0. 05). 6 . When the reported nursing needs of the women and the reported nursing care given were compared, physical and psychological nursing care directed toward protecting the mother and fetus and a safe delivery were considered important by both groups. Neither group related simple nursing care directly to protection of the mother and fetus or to a safe delivery.

The auther reviewed the medical records of 96 typhoid fever patients who were diagnosed, admitted, and treated at Seagrave Memorial Hospital from January 1 ,1973 through August 31, 1975, Diagnosis was determined by clinical observation, serology and bacteriology, eighty patients were treated medically, the remaining 16 patients required surgical intervention. The following results were obtained: 1) The age distribution of the patients revealed that 33.3% were between 10 and 19 years old, 21.9% were between 20 and 29, and 19.8% were between 30 and 39. The majority of patients were from these more active age groups. Male to female sex ratio was 1.3 I 1 . 2) Seasonal distribution was observed. Most illness occurred in the summer and autumn months. 3) 84.3%of the patients came from farm families. 4) Duration between onset and admission averaged 16.0 days. The group without complications was admitted after an average of 15. 1 days; The group with complications was admitted after an average of 19.4 days. 5) Methods of treatment before admission were as flollows: 10.4% at medical clinics, 61.5% at pharmacies (antibiotics 47.9%, other drugs 13.5%), 7.3% by herb medications, 20.8% had no treatment. 6) Main clinical symptoms were as follows: fever 93.8%, headache 47.9%, abdominal pain 47.9%, chills 38.5%, cough 36.5%, general weakness 26.0%, nausea & vomiting 24.0% and generalized pain 21.9%. 7) Temperature of patients on admission: 22. 9% were 39degrees C or more, 67. 6% were between 37degrees C and 38degrees C, and 9.4% were 37degrees C or less. 8) Occurrance of intestional bleeding after unset of disease averaged 9.3 days; perforation occurred at an average of 19.1 days. 9) Interval between onset of major complication and surgical intervention averaged 2. 8 days. 10) Among the 68 patients who underwent the bacteriological test the positive rate was 44.1% (30). The positive rates for each seperate culture method were as follows; 20.4% in the blood culture, 40.4% in the stool culture and 6.7% in the urine culture. Among these bacteriological positive patients 15 patients had a negative results or less than 160 titer of widal reaction. 11) The initial widal test of the total group showed a counts of 160 titer or more in 60.4% and less than 160 titer in 39.6%.

Contempory nursing literature place much importance on human-centered and individualized care. Nursing research has related stress during hospitalization of adolescent patients to adaptation to a new environment, isolation from friends, limitation due to illness, over protection of parents and communica-tion with member of the medical team. The investigator conducted this study in the hope that an understanding of adolescents responses to hospitalization, their perceptions, the kinds and levels of stress, and the relationships between stressors and individual characteristics would contribute to the improvement of adolescent patient, care. The objective of the study was to obtain informations related to the adolescents psychological stress experience during hospitalization, specifically stress from interpersonal relationships and communication, isolation from the family, social or economic problems, illness and from the treatment environment and nursing care. An interview schedule adopted from Holmes and Rahe's Scoial Readjustment Rating Scale and selected items from Volicer's instrument on stress-producing events was used with 120 adolescent inpatients aged 13 to 18 years three general hospitals in Seoul during Aug. 10, to Sep. 30, 1975. 1 . The sample consisted of 66 male and 54 female patients. Sixty-six percent were late adolescents, aged 16 to 18 years: 4 % were early adolescents, aged 13 to 15 years. The primary cause for hospitalization was for orthopedic problems (35. 8%). More than half of these (54.4%) were due to injury or accident. 2. Stress celated to illness revealed the highest score ( 4.97), followed by stress related to treatment environment and nursing care (4.34), isolation from family and social or economic problems (4.01) and interpersonal relationships and communication (3.96). 3 . The perceived indifference of doctors and nurses was a serious cause of stress (mean = 4. 83). Fellow patients and visitors caused least stress (mean=2.06). 4. Discontinuation of education or unemployment were major stressful events (mean=4. 71). Least stressful was isolation from the family (mean=3.47). 5. More than 94% of the respondents expressed fears related to body image (mean=4.97) 6 .Within the category of treatment environment and nursing care, items related to restrictions because of treatment, discomfort because of treatment, inadequate explanation from nurses about procedures were rated as severe stress events (mean=4.6). Items related to the ward environment and to having a relative stay with them were seen by the group as less serious events (mean=3. 7). 7 . Stress related to interpersonal relationships and communication was correlated positively with female patients and those preferring passive activities. (P< 0. 05) 8 . Stress related to family problems was positively related to female and early a dolescent patients (P< 0. 05). Stress related to social problems was positively related to students and those preferring active pursuits (P< 0. 05). 9 .There were no correlation detween the high stress related to disease and any of the characteristic items. (P> 0. 05) 10. Stress related to treatment environment and nursing care was positively related of early adolesent and female and student patients. (P< 0. 05) This group of hospitalized adolescents reported high level of stress related to treatment environment and nursing care, due to lack of consideration of normal growth and development and individual characteristics. The findings have important implications for the planning of effective, individualized, comprehensive nursing care of adolescents during hospitalization.

No abstract available.