This experimental study was undertaken to gauge the possibility of application and extension of a program for hypertension care to be operated by Community Health Practitioners. Four community health posts were selected. Two places were experimental groups and the other two control groups. The study was carried out from April 1987 to March 1988. In this study the hypertensives were screened form a group of adults who were over 20 years old. The rate of prevalence was 10.7% in the experimental group, and 11.1% in the control group. The hypertension care program was composed of three parts : regular care by CHPs, reinforcement of education and family support for the changing of health beliefs. The data for this analysis is based on 109 the hypertensives, with 78 from the experimental group and 31 from the control group. After the program was completed, the results obtained were as follows ; 1) Sick role behavior compliance in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group. 2) Blood pressures were decreased in both systolic and diastolic in the experimental group. Diastolic pressure was strikingly decreased from those of the control group and showed statistical significance (p<0.05). 3) In the experimental group, benefits, perceived family support and family support behavior were high, out benefits was significantly higher than those of the control group(p=0.000). Sensitivity, seriousness and barriers were high in the control group, but not statistically significant. 4) In conclusion, it is revealed that hypertension care program develped in this study has an effect of decreasing blood pressure and promoting sick role behavior compliance.

This study was conducted to investigate the present situation and problems related to the use of nursing diagnosis in practice. The data were obtained from 332 subjects (27 director of nursing service, 302 staff nurses) who worked in university hospitals in Korea from July through August 1988 using a mailed questionnaire. Data were analyzed by frequency, X2 test and t-test. The findings were as follows : 1. Clinical use of nursing diagnosis by directors of nursing service and staff nurses. 1) The majority of the nursing departments (88.9 %) conducted group education on nursing diagnosis during the last 5 years and 81.5% of them kept a record formet for nursing diagnosis ; 88 .9 % of them had had prior experience with the nursing diagnosis. 2) Most of nurses (97.0%) had received education on nursing diagnosis, 2. Factors related to the clinical use of nursing diagnosis in nursing service departments and by staff nurses. 1) The one factor related to the use of nursing diagnosis in the nursing service department was the existence: of a record. 2) Factors related to the use of nursing diagnosis by the staff nurses were the organization style of the nursing service department, group education during the last 5 years, existence of a record, the attitude of the director of nursing service, and prior experience of the use of the nursing diagnosis as characteristics of nursing service department and educational experience of nursing diagnosis as a character of nurse. 3. Problems with the use of nursing diagnosis. 1) The primary problem was the lack of time and personnel (mean : 3.757) I the second problem was the lack of knowledge and will to use nursing diagnosis in practice by the staff nurses(mean : 3.546). 2) There was no significant difference in problems expressed by the director of nursing services and the nurses. The majority of nurses who worked in the university hospitals expressed interest in and concern about the use of nursing diagnosis. Most of the nurses had had education about on nursing diagnosis but use in practice was limited. The primary problem was lack of time and manpower Strategies for improving use of the nursing diagnosis in practice: 1) Strengthening the education about nursing diagnosis and a holistic approach to understanding human beings. 2) Develop protocols for the use of nursing diagnosis. 3) Eliminate the language barrier regarding nursing diagnosis by translation into in Korean. 4) Decentralization of the nursing service to promote accountability by individual nurses for use of nursing diagnosis.

This study was conducted to measure the effects of clinical application of a Nursing Diagnosis Protocol. The dependent variables were the degree of patient's satisfaction and the degree of nurse's satisfaction with the nursing activity. Analysis of the effect of the use of the nursing diagnosis protocol was based on the nursing record. The subjects for this study were 61 nurses (experimental group 31, control group 30) and 155 patients (experimental group 55, control group 100) on four internal medicine wards in K University Hospital in Seoul. Data collection was done from August to October 12.1988. - The results obtained in this study can be summarized as follows, 1. Effect of the clinical application of the nursing diagnosis protocol. 1) The first hypothesis ; " nurses who use the nursing diagnosis protocol will have higher degrees of satisfaction than those who use traditional methods" was rejected.(t= .54, df=58, p=.59). 2) The second hypothesis ; " patients nursed by nurses using the nursing diagnosis protocol will have higher degrees of satisfaction than those nursed with traditional methods" was supported(t=1.93, df=154, p= ,05). 3) The third hypothesis: Major hypothesis ; "the nursing records of the experimental group, who used the nursing diagnosis protocol, will be more detailed than those of the control group " was supported (t=6.40, df=79.90, p=.000). (1) The first subhypothesis ; "The recorded data collection of the experimental group will be more detailed than . that of the control group" was rejected (t= 1.79, df=118, p=.07). (2) The second subhypothesis : "The recorded patient's problem statement of the experimental group will be more detailed than that of the control group" was supported. (3) The third subhypothesis : "The nursing record of the experimental group will be more convenient for implementation than that of the control group" was supported. 2. Factors related to the nurse's degree of satisfaction with protocol. 1) No general characteristics(age, religion, education level, duty career, present duty career) were related to the Burse's degree of satisfaction. 2) Variables related to the nurse's degree of satisfaction were "satisfaction as a nurse" and "consider nursing as lifelong job" (t=-2.6, df=13.2 2, p=.02, t=2,41, df=23.85, p=.02). 3. Factors related to the patient's degree of satisfaction. 1) General characteristics related to the patient's degree of satisfaction with nurses using the protocol were ass. educational level, and being married.(F=5.17, df=3/153, p=.00, t=-2.39, df=154, p=.01, f=5.91, df=2/153, p=.00) 2) The variables previous hospitalization, duration of hospitalization, the hospital unit, presence of a relative, medical insurance, or medical diagnosis were not related to the patient's degree of satisfaction. I. The experimental group's nursing record was more detailed than the control group's record with regard to the physical and psychological state of the patients. As noted above, the experimental group nurses, who use a nursing diagnosis had protocol were less satisfied than the: control group who used traditional methods of the recording, but experimental group patients had a higher degree of satisfaction than the control group patients. The nursing records of experimental group, using the nursing diagnosis protocol was more detailed than that of the control group. If the nursing diagnosis protocol is used in clinical nursing practice, the quality of nursing care may be improved.

This study was undertaken at Yonsei University Medical Center to identify the crisis responses and nursing problems of patients who had been diagnosed with cancer, and changing patterns of grieving over time periods, and to analyse the effectiveness of follow up care through home visiting nursing. This study was carried out in three stages. The 1st study data were collected from a total of 205 patients who had been diagnosed with cancer from Sept. 1 to Dec. 31.1987 using a cross-sectional method. The 2nd study data were collected three times from 30 patients with cancer at 4 weeks intervals from March 1 to June 31.1988 using a longitudinal method. The 3rd study data were collected from two different groups from March 1 to June 31, 1988. One was an experimental group who was visited by nurses and the other one was a control group not visited by nurses. The subjects of the 3rd study consisted of 60 patients with cancer and a Quasi-experimental research design was used. The results were as follows : 1. The patients did not experience one stage at a time among the five stages of grieing, denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance, as identified by Kubler Ross. They experienced a combination of stages, especially of the bargaining and the depression stages. This stages did not change with the passing of time. 2. The patients expressed more physical and socioeconomical problems than emotional problems. And they used more problem coping methods than emotional coping methods. 3. Follow up care through home visiting nursing positively influenced the patient's quality of life, especially their pyhsical well-being and symptom control. The patients responsed positively to the home visiting nursing, stating that it was helpful to them. It was concluded that the development of a home visiting nursing program is needed for the effective home care of patients with cancer.

This descriptive-comparative study attempted to examine the differences acording to the year in college of 288 junior college nursing students attitudes about mental illness. The instrument used for this study was the O.M.I (Opinion about Mental Illness) scale developed by Cohen and Struening. Data collection was done from the 27th to the 30th of September, 1988 by means of a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by computer, using the t-test and Analysis of Variance. The findings of this study are as follows : 1. Hypothesis I : "There will be a difference in attitudes toward mental illness according to the year in college." (1) "There will be a difference in the attitude about authoritarianism-according to the year in college."was rejected (F=.5675, P=.5676). (2) "There will be a difference in the attitude about benevolence-according to the year in college." was accepted (F=.5376, P=.5848). (3) "There will be a difference in the attitude about mental hygiene ideology-according to."was accepted (F=17.3497, P=.0000). (4) "There will be a difference in the attitude about social restrictiveness-according to"was rejected (F=1.7416, P=. 1771). (5) "There win be a difference in the attitude about interpersonal etiology-according to"was accepted (F=10.8597, P=.0000). 2. Hypothesis II : "There will bed difference in attitudes toward mental illness." according to whether or not the student have had clinical practice in the psychiatric ward. (1) There will be a difference in the attitudes about authoritarianism-according to "whether or not the student's have had clinical practice in the psychiatric ward was rejected(t=.59, p=.555). (2) "Whether they have had clinical practice at the psychiatric ward or not, There will be difference in the attitudes about benevolence." was rejected (t=1.34, p=.182). (3) "Whether they have had clinical practice at the psychiatric ward or not, there will be difference of the mental hygiene ideology attitude." was accepted(t=2.72, p=.00). (4) "Whether they have had clinical practice at the psychiatric ward or not, there will be difference of the social restrictiveness attitude." was rejected (t=-.59, p=.557). (5) "Whether they have had clinical practice at the psychiatric ward or not, there will be difference of te interpersonal etiology-attitude." was accepted(t=3.55,p=.001). In conclusion, it was found that the higher the year in College, the more positive the attitudes are about mental hygiene ideology and interpersonal etiology. This study suggests that more positive attifudes about psychiatric illness can be induced by a more effective educational experience. The main limitation of this study was that the sociocultural background of Korea is not considered in the O.M.I scale.

Concept analysis is a formal linguistic exercise to determine certain defining attributes. The basic purpose of concept analysis is to clarify ambiguous concepts in a theory, and to propose a precise operational definition which reflects its theoretical base (Walker, 19 83, 27~28). In later life, elderly people are faced with various psychological problems such as depression, and lowered self esteem for these psychological problems of the elderly. Reminiscence has been studied as an effective therapeutic measure by gerontologists and psychologists. It is considered to have potential as an effective nursing intervention with geriatric clients. The purpose of this paper was to explore the feasibility of adopting reminiscence as a nursing intervention through analysis of the concept. The concept can be defined as follows : Reminiscence is thinking and talking about one's past with or without a specific purpose. It is a composite mental process which involves psychological, emotional, and social interactional aspects. The defining attributes of reminiscence arc : 1. Thinking about past experiences which are meaningful to oneself. 2. It includes the emotional aspect of past experiences. 3. It occurs with or without specific purposes. 4. It is communicated to others by means of language and the subject has the feeling of being heard. In regard to the consequences of reminiscence, it is expected to contribute to psychological adaptation by providing a sense of self-fulfilment and self-achievement, promoting the discovery of the meaning of life, decreasing depression, and overcoming guilt feelings and conflict about one's past. However, if the past is regarded as a total failure, it may be harmful to the psychological well-being of the subject.

This study explored differences in how medical and surgical patients compare on the degree of hospital stress and their subjective physical status. Subjects were 343 medical and surgical patients in five university hospitals in Seoul and Taegu. They responded to the Hospital Stress Rating Scale and a self-report on physical status. The controlled variables were age, education, number of previous hospitalkations and seriousness of the illness. Medical and surgical patient differences on nine factors of the hospital stres scale and nine areas of physical conditions were reported as follows edptored ; 1. 1) There was not a statistically significant difference at the .05 level in the total mean score for hospital stress between medical patients and surgical patients. 2) The mean score of the factor lack of information (M=2.308) for medical patients was higher than the mean score (M=2.064) of the surgical patients. 3) The mean scores of the factor of discomfort (M=2. 130), toss of independence (M=1.889) for surgical patients were higher than for medical patients. 2. 1) There was a statistically significant difference at the .05 level in the total mean score for physical status between medical patients and surgical patients. 2) The mean scores were lower in subjective physical status for surgical patients(S) than for medical patients (M) : stomach condition (S : M=2.8433, M : M=3.0-000), self-assistance(S : M=3.0373, M : M=3.4498), movement (S : M=2.6716, M : M=3.2392), interest in your surroundings (S : M=3.0522, M ; M=3.2632). 3. Patients scoring high on the subjective physical status such as sleep, appetite, stomach condition, bowel condition and urination states had higher scores in hospital stress than with patients scoring tow on those subjective physical status. The results suggest that subjective physical status might be on expression of hospital stress. Also patients with high scores in subjective physical statas might be predicted have a high level of stress on admission. And surgical patients had a higher level of hospital stress than medical patients.

The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to daily activities of post myocardial infarction patients. Data were collected from Aug. 1 to Aug. 31, 1988 through an interview schedule lasting for about 30~60 minutes by the investigators. Tools for this study were a daily activities scale and a subjective physical symptom scale developed by the researchers, and Zung's self rating depression scale. The subjects were 45 men 18 women post myocardial infarction patients who were receiving follow up care at SNU Hospital. The data were analyzed by percentage, mean, t-test, ANOVA, the Pearson moment Correlation Coefficient test, and Cronbach's a reliability test. The results were as follows. (1) Reliability of the daily activities scale was 0.91 by Cronbach's a. In the daily activities scale, items about transfer, exercise, and job related activities were most highly rated as meaningful to the post myocardial infarction patients, (2) The average daily activities score of these patients was 3.30 (maximum point; 4) all scores were high except for exercise and job related activities. (3) There was a significant difference in daily activities according to sex ; men had a higher daily activities score than women (T=2.32, P<0.05). (4) There was a significant difference in daily act ivities according to job status. Subjects having a job had a higher daily activities score. (5) The lower the depression score, the higher the daily activities score(lambda= -0.5748, P<0.05). (6) The lower the subjective physical symptoms score, the higher the daily activities score (lambda=-0.6015, P< 0.05).

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the maturity of Christian faith and anxiety. Nurses are concerned with the spiritual dimension of clients" experience. The subjects of this study were patients with cancer in Y. University Hospital in Seoul. Subjects were selected who knew their diagnosis, were aged 20 or older and agreed to the interview. A total of 35 patients were interviewed from August 1 to September 15,1988. The instruments used in this study were the maturity of Christian faith scale developed by H.S. Choi and modified by the investigator, and an anxiety scale developed by the investigator. Data were analyzed by statistical methods including Frequency, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Results included the following ; Hypothesis, "That as the degree of maturity of Christian faith of the patients increases, the degree of state anxiety will decreases", was supported (lambda= -.8061,p<.001). According to this study, maturity of Christian faith is significantly related to on the reduction of anxiety of patients with cancer. In a holistic approach to their clients, nurses may have confidence that the maturity of Christian faith of their clients will contribute to the reduction of anxiety.