For the flexible and rational distribution of limited existing health resources based on measurements of individual risk, the socalled Risk Approach is being proposed by the World Health Organization as a managerial tool in maternal and child health care program. This approach, in principle, puts us under the necessity of developing a technique by which we will be able to measure the degree of risk or to discriminate the future outcomes of pregnancy on the basis of prior information obtainable at prenatal care delivery settings. Numerous recent studies have focussed on the identification of relevant risk factors as the Prior infor mation and on defining the adverse outcomes of pregnancy to be dicriminated, and also have tried on how to develope scoring system of risk factors for the quantitative assessment of the factors as the determinant of pregnancy outcomes. Once the scoring system is established the technique of classifying the patients into with normal and with adverse outcomes will be easily de veloped. The scoring system Should be developed to meet the following four basic requirements. 1) Easy to construct 2) Easy to use 3) To be theoretically sound 4) To be valid In searching for a feasible methodology which will meet these requirements, the author has attempted to apply the "Likelihood Method", one of the well known principles in statistical anlysis, to develop such scoring system according to the process as follows. Step 1. Classify the patients into four groups: Group AI: With adverse outcomes on fetal (neonatal) side only. Group A2: With adverse outcomes on maternal side only. Group A3: With adverse outcome on both maternal and fetal (neonatal) sides. Group B: With normal outcomes. Step 2. Construct the marginal tabulation on the distribution of risk factors for each group. Step 3. For the calculation of risk score, take logarithmic transformation of relative proportions of the distribution and round them off to integers. Step 4. Test the validity of the score chart. A total of 2, 282 maternity records registered during the period of January 1, 1982-December 31, 1982 at Ewha Womans University Hospital were used for this study and the "Questionnaire for Maternity Record for Prenatal and Intrapartum High Risk Screening" developed by the Korean Institute for Population and Health was used to rearrange the information on the records into an easy analytic form. The findings of the study are summarized as follows. 1) The risk score chart constructed on the basis of "Likelihood Method" ispresented in Table 4 in the main text. 2) Prom the analysis of the risk score chart it was observed that a total of 24 risk factors could be identified as having significant predicting power for the discrimination of pregnancy outcomes into four groups as defined above. They are: (1) age (2) marital status (3) age at first pregnancy (4) medical insurance (5) number of pregnancies (6) history of Cesarean sections (7). number of living child (8) history of premature infants (9) history of over weighted new born (10) history of congenital anomalies (11) history of multiple pregnancies (12) history of abnormal presentation (13) history of obstetric abnormalities (14) past illness (15) hemoglobin level (16) blood pressure (17) heart status (18) general appearance (19) edema status (20) result of abdominal examination (21) cervix status (22) pelvis status (23) chief complaints (24) Reasons for examination 3) The validity of the score chart turned out to be as follows: a) Sensitivity: Group A1 : 0.75 Group A2: 0.78 Group A3: 0.92 All combined : 0.85 b) Specificity : 0.68 4) The diagnosabilities of the "score chart" for a set of hypothetical prevalence of adverse outcomes were calculated as follows (the sensitivity "for all combined" was used). Hypothetidal Prevalence : 5% 10% 20% 30% _40% 50% 60% Diagnosability : 12% 23% 40% 53% 64% 75% 80%.

This study was done to research the relationship between State-Trait Anxiety and Sexual activity of pregnant women.

The suhjficts for this study were 200 pregnant women from 2 lio»piUlK located In a urban area.

The data was collected through questionnaires which was developed by Spielberger, from to, 1982. The content of the questionnaire consist of following 2 categories of Anxiety and Sexual activity; (1) State Anxiety, (2) Trait Anxiety and (3) Sexual activity included sexual drive, number of sexual intercourse, and length of sexual intercourse.

Analysis of data was done by use percentage, T-test, x²-test, ANOVA and pearson correlation coefficiency.

The findings of this study are as follows:

L The mean score of state Anxiety and Trait Anxiety of respondents were 43.06, 44.19, therefore Trait Anxiety was higher than state Anxiety.

2. A significant state Anxiety and Trait Anxiety were not found among general characteristics with age, education level and religion.’

3. Ια the analysis of correlation among state Anxiety, Trait anxiety and Sexual activity, the Trait Anxiety was positively correlated with the State Anxiety. (r~. 3877, p—. 000) It was support the fact that the higher level of Trait anxiety, the greater was the State anxiety.

4. And the state anxiety was negatively correlated with numbef of sexual intercourse. — • 1518ôp=. 016) Therefore, the higher the state anxiety, the lower sexual activity. Or the lower sexual activity, the higher the State Anxiety.

5. Also, in the analysis of fectors affecting sexual activity» only the variable of age showed a significant correlation to number of sexual intercounse. That is the younger, the higher number of sexual intercounse. (r=. —. 1380, 026)

This study was concerned with the investigation of the relationship between the degree of family incongruence about family environment and the occurrence of juvenile delinquency using Family Environmental Scale(F.E.S) designed by Rudolf Moos.

The ®tudy employed the control group design using the interview and questionnaire through home visiting. The control group sample consisted of 44 families from a middle socioeconomic S Dong co mmunity setting and the experimental group sample consisted of 30 families of juve nile from Juvenile Training School in Seoul.

Total sample siac waa 321.

Data for this study was collected over a period of three months from the end of Nov. 1982 to the beginning of Feb. 1983» after pretest.

To aiialize the data, t-test was used.

The insult of this study was as follows;

1. The experimental groups∗ incongruence score was 18· 8598 as compared to the control groups score of 14.8598. The differences were statistically significant at . 001 level, and th㨸 hyjjothesis was supported.

2. The experimental group had higher incongruence scores as compared to the control group of three dimensions, the differences were statistically significant at . 05 level.

The Experimental group had higher incongruence scores than the control group on 6 subscales, namely, cohesion, expressiveness, conflict, achievement orientation, moral-religious emphasis and organization. The differences were statistically significant at. 05 level.

The purpose of this study is to help the care of patient and to his family through comparison of the level of anxiety which between the family of admitted patient and the family without in patient, and to his family through comparison of the level of anxiety which between the family of admitted patient and the family without inpatient and exclude the factors which raised the level of anxiety in them. The experimental group in this study were samples of 200 patient's family selected by random sampling in H. University hospital located in Seoul (Department of patient were internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics and neuropsychiatry). The control group were samples of 70 family without inpatient selected by random sampling in Seoul. The data were collected through STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) by Spielberger (1970) for measurement to level of state and trait anxiety from April 1st to April 15th in 1982. The contents of data analysis by EDPS included the difference of level of anxiety between experimental and control group, correlationship between general characteristics of experimental group and level of anxiety, and correlation of trait and state anxiety in experimental group. The Findings of this study were as follows: 1) Level of anxiety of experimental group is higher than control group. 2) In the correlation between general characteristics and level of anxiety of experimental group, there were no significant difference which revealed in correlation with age of family member, family life cycle, marital status, the relation between patient and family member, the degree of symptom, number of admission, admission or nonadmission of medical insurance, number of family member, and division of disease to level of anxiety. However, according to the sex of family member, hospitallzation period, a monthly income of family, the degree of confidence toward medical team, religion of family, academic background of family, a tendency of significant differences to level of anxiety were seen. To put them in the concrete, they were as follow; a) Level of anxiety on female family member is higher than male in experimental group. fa) Admission period of patient is positively related to the level of anxiety of patient's family. c) The degree of confidence of patient's family toward medical team is in inverse proportion to the level of anxiety. d) A monthly income of patient's famly is in inverse proportion to the level of anxiety. e) Level of anxiety of believer in patient's family is lower than unbeliever, f) The academical background of patient's family is in inverse proportion to the level of anxiety. g) Level of state anxiety of patient's family at the time of admission is positively related to the evel of trait anxiety.

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