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Development of Meaning in Life Scale II
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Soon Ock Choi, Sook Nam Kim, Kyung Il Shin, Jong Ji Lee
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(5):931-942. Published online March 28, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.5.931
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Abstract
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Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop a meaning of life scale with high validity and reliability.
Methods
A conceptual framework composed of 4 phases of meanings of life was identified. And 49 preliminary items on a 4-points scale were developed through content validity. A reliability and validity test of the 49 items was conducted on 564 adults. By means of internal consistency of the 49 items, 1 item was deleted. To verify the 48 items, factor analysis, reliability test, and LISEREL were done.
Results
Through exploratory factor analysis of the 48 items, 8 factors were extracted. These factors were labeled as ‘ self- awareness and self-acceptance’, ‘ hope’, ‘ responsibility awareness’, ‘ love experience’, ‘ self transcendence’, ‘ relation experience’, ‘ self contentedness’, and ‘ Commitment’. Through LISEREL of the 48 items, 2 items were excluded and finally 46 itemsremained. Cronbach's Alpha of the 46 items was .94. The correlation coefficient of the Self-esteem scale was .79.
Conclusion
By the above results, the researchers recommend the following: An exploratory study on the variables related to the meaning of life are needed for criterion validity of this scale. Studies on meaning of life of different groupa, and subjects are needed for reverification.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- Factors influencing willingness to provide palliative care among nurses in South Korea: a descriptive study
Hyejin Go, Hyunju Kang BMC Nursing.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Influencing Factors of Death Perception and Self-efficacy on Meaning in Life in Nurses who Experienced End of Life Care
Hee Jung Hong, Sung Hee Choi, Bok Soon Shin The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2023; 26(1): 49. CrossRef - Factors affecting senior nursing students’ willingness to palliative care
Hyejin Go, Hyunju Kang The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2023; 29(3): 272. CrossRef - A Palliative Care Program for Volunteers in a Community Setting: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study
Jiwon Lee, Jong-Eun Lee American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®.2020; 37(6): 455. CrossRef - Operation Room Nurses' Ethical Value regarding Their Attitude and Meaning of Life about Organ Transplantation in Brain Death
Hyung-Eun Seo, Miyoung Kim Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2016; 28(4): 355. CrossRef - Development and Evaluation of Death Education Program for Nursing Students*
Soon-Hee Kim, Dong-Hee Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2015; 22(3): 277. CrossRef - Factors of Affecting Suicidal Ideation in Elders Living in own Home
Youngrye Park, Hwee Wee Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2015; 24(4): 290. CrossRef - Nurses' Awareness of Death and Meaning of Life
Ji Hyang Youn, Ju Young Ha Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2013; 20(4): 381. CrossRef - Effects of Logotherapy on Life Respect, Meaning of Life, and Depression of Older School-age Children
Kyung-Ah Kang, Shin-Jeong Kim, Mi-Kyung Song, Mi-Jeong Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(1): 91. CrossRef - Factors Influencing Meaning of Life in Adolescents
Young Mi Yoon, Hun Ha Cho Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2011; 17(1): 31. CrossRef - Comparison of Meaning in Life and Death Attitude between Participants and Non-participants in Well-dying Education
Kyung Ah Kang Journal of Korean Oncology Nursing.2010; 10(2): 156. CrossRef - Death Recognition, Meaning in Life and Death Attitude of People Who Participated in the Death Education Program
Kyung Ah Kang, Kyung Soon Lee, Gang Won Park, Yong Ho Kim, Mi Ja Jang, Eun Lee The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2010; 13(3): 169. CrossRef - The Effects of Logotherapy on Meaning in Life and Quality of Life of Late Adolescents with Terminal Cancer
Kyung-Ah Kang, Jeoung-Sook Shim, Dae-Geun Jeon, Myung-Suk Koh Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(6): 759. CrossRef - Relationship of Self-esteem, Meaning in Life, and Spiritual Well-being in Middle School Students
Kyung-Ah Kang, Shin-Jeong Kim, Mi-Kyung Song Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2009; 15(4): 343. CrossRef
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Development of Elderly Meaning in Life(EMIL) Scale
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Soon Ock Choi, Sook Nam Kim, Kyung Il Shin, Jong Ji Lee, You Jhin Jung
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(3):414-424. Published online March 28, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.3.414
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Abstract
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Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop elderly meaning in life scale with high validity and reliability.
Method
The process of development of this scale were as follows. A conceptual framework composed of 4 phases of meaning in life of elderly was identified based on the literature review and interviews with elderlies and discussion with experts in meaning in life. Total 62 items, 4-points scale were developed. Through reliability testing, factor analysis, 40 preliminary items were selected. By means of internal consistency of 40 items, 2 items whose inner-items correlation coefficient was below .30 were deleted. Through factor analysis 1 item whose factor loading was below .30 was deleted. Finally 37 items were remained. To verify 37 items, factor analysis, reliability testing, LISEREL were done. Data were collected from 320 elderly subjects in Busan-KyungNam and Jeonla Province from May to June in 2002.. SPSS WIN. 10.0 Program was used.
Result
The result of factor analysis of 37 items, 8 factors were extracted. These factors were labeled as ‘ self- awareness and self-acceptance’, ‘ contentedness with life’, ‘ purpose in life’, ‘ love in family’, ‘ role awareness’, ‘ futuristic aspiration’, ‘ commitment’, and ‘ experience of love’. These factors included 4 phases of the meaning in life. Cronbach's Alpha of 37 items was .908 and correlation coefficient of PIL was .75.
Conclusion
The researchers recommend the follows : The explorative study on the variables related to meaning in life are needed for criterion validity of this scale. The studies on meaning in life of different age groups, subjects are needed for reverification.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- The mediating and moderating effects of meaning in life on the relationship between depression and quality of life in patients with dysphagia
Ju‐Yeun Kim, Young Whee Lee, Hwa‐Soon Kim, Eun‐Hyun Lee Journal of Clinical Nursing.2019; 28(15-16): 2782. CrossRef - Development of the Meaning in Life Scale for Older Adults
Si Eun Lee, Gwi-Ryung Son Hong Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2017; 47(1): 86. CrossRef - Social Welfare Approach for the Patient with Diabetic Nephropathy
Sun Ah Park The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2013; 14(1): 42. CrossRef - Factors Influencing Depression in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
Jeongyee Bae, Hyunjoo Park, Songsoon Kim, Jisoo Bang Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2011; 20(3): 261. CrossRef
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Development of Meaning in Life Measurement Tool
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Jeong Ji Lee, Kyung Il Shin, Soon Ock Choi, Sook Nam Kim
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(7):1039-1048. Published online March 29, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.7.1039
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Abstract
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The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to measure meaning in life based on Frankl's theory of logotherapy. Data were collected from August to October, 1999 by means of questionnaires developed by researchers. The subjects were 351 adults living in Busan and Kyoung Nam province. The study was conducted as follows: 1) A conceptual framework was identified based on the extensive review of relevant literatures and interviews with adults and professionals in psychology, philosophy, theology, and nursing. 2) The 76 items, 4-points scale were developed. 3) The scale was tested on 351 adults to assess the reliability and validity, and factor analysis was done. 4) 63 items were established based on this testing and ten factors were extracted. These factors were labeled as self-awareness and self-acceptance, futuristic aspiration, valuelessness, purpose in life, contentedness with life, role awareness, experience of love, love in family, commitment, self- transcendence. Cronbach's alpha of the 63 items was .950. Comparative studies to assess construct validity and repetitive studies to heighten generalizability are needed. This tool can be utilized to measure Korean's meaning in life.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- الفراغ الوجودي لدى المطلقات في لواء البادية الشمالية /الأردن
هند المهلهل, فواز المومني مجلة جامعة الشارقة للعلوم الانسانية والاجتماعية.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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A Study on the Meaning in Life of Matriarch ; Q-Methodological Approach
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Soon Ock Choi, Sook Nam Kim, Keung Il Sin, Jeong Ji Lee
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(4):548-560. Published online March 29, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.4.548
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Abstract
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PURPOSE: This study is used to investigate and understand types of meaning in life of
matriarch. Methods: This study is based on a Q-methodological approach. Thirty nine
statements concerning meaning in life were selected. Twenty seven women were chosen
as a subject group for this study. Their opinions were shown in 39 statements divided
into 9 scales by forced distribution. Results: TypeIwas named "self-transcendental and
future- oriented types". In this types a one pursued attitudinal value by religion. Type
II was named "Realistic and responsibility fulfilling types". This type pursued creative
and experiential value. Type III was named "Encounter and relationship oriented type".
This types pursued experiential value. Type IV was named "Realistic self-actualizing
type". This types pursued creative value. Type V was named "Altruistic and
commitmental types". This type pursued creative, experiential, and attitudinal value. CONCLUSION Considering the structure of finding the meaning in life of matriarchs, all
types had responsibility and self-control in their lives and lived for present however,
only typeI lived for the future.
It seem necessary to understand each matriarchs meaning in life and nursing needs to
develop appropriate nursing interventions based on the type matriarch she is.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- Meaning of Life in Wives of Alcoholics: Autobiographical Method
Sunhee Cho Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(5): 758. CrossRef
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The Development and Effect of a Group Counseling Program for Unemployed Matriarchs
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Jeong Ji Lee, Kyung Il Shin, Soon Ock Choi, Sook Nam Kim, Boo Hyeon Lee
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(4):982-994. Published online March 29, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.4.982
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Abstract
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This study was designed to develop a program for unemployed matriarchs and show if the program affected their view on
the meaning in life.
The subjects were women registered in an occupational training program for unemployed matriarchs, which is
being practiced in the 'Working Women Center' located in Busan. The researchers selected 44 persons from the
group who agreed to our program.
This study was done from the 10th of March, 1999 to the 9th of October. The researchers used
the measurement tools, The Purpose in Life, Self-esteem, Hope and Meaning in Life which was
composed of 63 items developed by them. Their Cronbach's alpha were .88, .79, .76 and .95.
The researchers analyzed the data with frequency, percentage, Mean, S.D, Wilcoxon signed ranks test which were
deduced from SPSS 10.0 WIN program.
The results of this study were as follows:
1) The program is composed of 'becoming intimate', 'open-minded', 'exploration on
self', 'relax of repressed emotion', 'self- acceptance', 'establishing the life-goal', 'enrichment of human
relationship' and closing. It took 20 hours for this program to come into practice.
2) According to the analysis of the general traits of all subjects, average age was 39.36. High school
graduates were 86%, college graduates were 14% and divorce were 57%, bereavement were 18%, and the rest
were 25%.
3) The result of 1st progam showed self-esteem during the program was high.
4) The result of 2nd progam showed self-esteem during the program was high.
5) The result of 3rd progam showed the sum scores of meaning in life, creative meaning, and attitudinal
meaning during the program was high.
6) The result of 4th progam showed the sum scores of meaning in life and creative meaning during the program
was high.
On the viewpoint of above results, we convinced that 'a program for unemployed matriarch is effective to establish a
stronger meaning in life.
Therefore, it is demanded that support for unemployed matriarchs should not only be economic help such as
technical training and help of living expenses, but also psychological, professional and systematic support.
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The Change of Nurse's Stauts According to the Status of Women II: From the post medieval epoche to late modern epoche
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Soon Ock Choi
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(1):139-149. Published online March 29, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.1.139
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Abstract
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It is very important to establish precisely the historical phases of nursing. We nurses should try to acquire the central social position in the health management system in the near the future, the 21st Century. Therefore my treatise aims to orient the desirable phase of the history of nursing through the feministic survey of the history of nursing from the post medieval epoche to the modern epoche. During the time of the renaissance which gave morning light to the modern epoche the antique Athenian thinking of sex was again revived. Athenian excluded the women from the public and autonomous regions. All the medical activity, once dominated by the women, was misfortunately regarded as superstition acted by witches. Accordingly, the nursing women were to hunted as witches. In short, in the early modern epoche, women began to be excluded from the history of medical activities. In the middle modern epoche characterized by the enlightenment movement and early capital economic system, capitalistic patriarchal system began to be formed by change in the economic system. The status of women began to be greatly dropped below by the social distinction of the private dimension of home and the public dimension of job. The woman was deprived of even the occasion to get the official license of medicine and medical institutions were handed to the states or the powerful and rich merchants. Accordingly, nursing acted mainly in the nunnery as the total approach to the patients was destructed wholly and transformed into the means of earning the money. Therefore unprepared low class-women began to engage in nursing only for the money. From then on, nursing activity was tunneled through the dark age for 200 years. In the late modern epoche characterized by the contrast of the accumulated vast capital by industrialization and vast poverty of the peoples, feminism began to float over the surface for the acquisition of equality of men and women from England. A feminist, Nightingale insisted that the women as nurses should be responsible for the healthy life of man. She tried the professional nursing education for women. Accordingly she not only contributed to the intellectual progress of women but also inspired in women the consciousness of the professional job. She tired to realize the ideal of at-that-time-feminists by engaging in nursing all through life. She really paved the road to contemporary nursing. In the near the future, I will write to describe how the late modern epoche nursing has fallen into the dilemma through the 1st and 2nd world wars and matured capitalism and to consider contemporary nursing with the status of women. All these papers aim to give proper recognition of nursing and right orientation of the future 21st Century nursing.
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