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Kyung Ja June 10 Articles
Effects of Hospital Nurse Staffing on in-hospital Mortality, Pneumonia, Sepsis, and Urinary Tract Infection in Surgical Patients
Yunmi Kim, Sung-Hyun Cho, Kyung Ja June, Soon Ae Shin, Jiyun Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs 2012;42(5):719-729.   Published online October 12, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.5.719
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

This study was done to examine relationships between nurse staffing level and postsurgical patient outcomes using inpatient database from the National Health Insurance.

Methods

Records of 111,491 patients who received one of 12 types of surgery between January and December, 2009 were identified and analyzed in this study. Nurse staffing level was measured using adjusted nurse staffing grades from 0 to 7. Patient outcomes were defined as in-hospital mortality, or pneumonia, sepsis, or urinary tract infection after surgery. Logistic regression analyses estimated by Generalized Estimation Model, were used to analyze the association between nurse staffing level and patient outcomes.

Results

An inverse relationship was found between nurse staffing and patient mortality. Compared with patients who were cared for in hospitals with the highest nurse staffing (Grades 0-1), increases in the odds of dying were found in those with Grades 6-7 [OR (odds ratio)= 2.99, 95% CI (confidence interval)= 1.94-4.60], those with Grades 4-5 (OR= 1.78, 95% CI= 1.24-2.57) and those with Grades 2-3 (OR= 1.57, 95% CI= 1.25-1.98). Lower nurse staffing level was also associated with higher number of cases in pneumonia and sepsis.

Conclusion

Policies for providing adequate nurse staffing is required to enhance quality of care and lead to better perioperative patient outcomes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Examining the experiences of mid-career nurses in hospitals: a phenomenological study
    Yukyung Ko, Soyoung Yu, Bohyun Park
    Contemporary Nurse.2024; 60(4): 333.     CrossRef
  • Differences in Medical Use and Patient Outcomes between Patients Admitted to the Integrated Nursing Care Ward and the General Ward
    Jeong Eun Mun, Bohyun Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(5): 439.     CrossRef
  • Experiences of Career Nurses Balancing Clinical Nursing with Ongoing Studies
    Yunhyung Kim, Yeonsook Joo, Eun Hee Kang, Jeong Hye Kim
    Journal of Korean Association for Qualitative Research.2024; 9(3): 215.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of the Adequacy of Nurse Staffing Level through the Estimation of Nursing Activity Hours and Implementation of Focus Group Interviews in a Tertiary Hospital: Using a Mixed-Method Design
    Hyun-Joo Kim, Sun-Hee Lee, Jai-Jung Lee, Sun-Suk Seong, Hee Yang, Hyang-Yuol Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2024; 54(2): 237.     CrossRef
  • Exploring nurses' multitasking in clinical settings using a multimethod study
    Yoojin Kim, Mi Ja Lee, Mona Choi, Eunhee Cho, Gi Wook Ryu
    Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Factors related to career interruption and Re‐employment of women in human health and social work activities sector: Comparison with other industry sectors
    Younghee Yun, Kyung Jin Hong
    Nursing Open.2023; 10(4): 2656.     CrossRef
  • Relationships between Alternative Nurse Staffing Level Measurements and Nurses’ Perceptions of Nurse Staffing Level Adequacy, Fatigue, and Care Quality
    Kyung Jin Hong, Hyesook Chung, Young Mi Jo, Paolo C. Colet
    Journal of Nursing Management.2023; 2023: 1.     CrossRef
  • Impact on health outcomes of hemodialysis patients based on the experience level of registered nurses in the hemodialysis department: a cross-sectional analysis
    EunYoung Jeong
    Frontiers in Health Services.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Nurse Staffing in Intensive Care Units based on Nursing Care Needs: A Multicenter Study
    Miok Park, Eunjin Yang, Mimi Lee, Sung-Hyun Cho, Miyoung Shim, Soon Haeng Lee
    Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2021; 14(2): 1.     CrossRef
  • Is Hospital Nurse Staffing Legislation in the Public’s Interest?
    Karen B. Lasater, Linda H. Aiken, Douglas M. Sloane, Rachel French, Colleen V. Anusiewicz, Brendan Martin, Kyrani Reneau, Maryann Alexander, Matthew D. McHugh
    Medical Care.2021; 59(5): 444.     CrossRef
  • The Relationship between Nursing Care Needs and Nurse Staffing in Pulmonology Nursing Units
    Hye-Kyung Jo, Sung-Heui Bae
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2021; 33(3): 236.     CrossRef
  • Association between perioperative chlorhexidine oral care and postoperative pneumonia in non-cardiac surgical patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Shiqi Liang, Xingxia Zhang, Yanjie Hu, Jie Yang, Ka Li
    Surgery.2021; 170(5): 1418.     CrossRef
  • Changes in Nurse Staffing Grades of Korean Hospitals during COVID-19 Pandemic
    Young-Taek Park, JeongYun Park, Ji Soo Jeon, Young Jae Kim, Kwang Gi Kim
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(11): 5900.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between hospital specialization and health outcomes in patients with nonsurgical spinal joint disease in South Korea
    Boyoung Jung, Jiyoon Yeo, Sun Jung Kim, In-Hyuk Ha
    Medicine.2021; 100(32): e26832.     CrossRef
  • Association between registered nurse staffing levels and in-hospital mortality in craniotomy patients using Korean National Health Insurance data
    Yunmi Kim, Se Young Kim, Kyounga Lee
    BMC Nursing.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between the bed-to-nurse ratio and 30-day post-discharge mortality in patients undergoing surgery: a cross-sectional analysis using Korean administrative data
    Yunmi Kim, Hyun-Young Kim, Eunyoung Cho
    BMC Nursing.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evaluating Nursing Needs in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with the Korean Patient Classification System for Neonatal Intensive Care Nurses
    Hyo nam An, Sukhee Ahn
    Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2020; 13(2): 24.     CrossRef
  • A multilevel investigation of cultural competence among South Korean clinical nurses
    Duckhee Chae, Yunhee Park, Kyeonghwa Kang, Jongdae Kim
    Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences.2020; 34(3): 613.     CrossRef
  • Influence of Hospital Nurse Staffing Levels on the Colorectal Cancer Evaluation Grades, Mortality, and Length of Stay
    Yunmi Kim, Se Young Kim
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2019; 31(5): 479.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between the legal nurse staffing standard and patient survival after perioperative cardiac arrest: A cross-sectional analysis of Korean administrative data
    Yunmi Kim, Jiyun Kim, Soon Ae Shin
    International Journal of Nursing Studies.2019; 89: 104.     CrossRef
  • The association between nurse staffing levels and paediatric nursing-sensitive outcomes in tertiary hospitals
    Chul-Gyu Kim, Ji-Soo Kim
    Journal of Nursing Management.2018; 26(8): 1002.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between nurse staffing level and adult nursing-sensitive outcomes in tertiary hospitals of Korea: Retrospective observational study
    Chul-Gyu Kim, Kyun-Seop Bae
    International Journal of Nursing Studies.2018; 80: 155.     CrossRef
  • The Impact of Nurse Staffing on In-Hospital Mortality of Stroke Patients in Korea
    Wankyo Chung, Min Sohn
    Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing.2018; 33(1): 47.     CrossRef
  • Effect of nurse staffing variation and hospital resource utilization
    Yunmi Kim, Seon‐Ha Kim, Young Ko
    Nursing & Health Sciences.2016; 18(4): 473.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between Medical Service Specialization and Operational Performance in Hospitals: Focusing on Length of Stay and Medical Expense
    Hai-Won Yoo, Kyoung-Hoon Kim
    The Korean Journal of Health Service Management.2016; 10(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Nurse Staffing Levels and Proportion of Hospitals and Clinics Meeting the Legal Standard for Nurse Staffing for 1996~2013
    Sung-Hyun Cho, Ji-Yun Lee, Kyung-Ja June, Kyung Jin Hong, Yunmi Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2016; 22(3): 209.     CrossRef
  • Impact of Nurse Staffing Level and Oral Care on Hospital Acquired Pneumonia in Long-term Care Hospitals
    Jung Mi Chae, Hyunjong Song, Gunseog Kang, Ji Yun Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2015; 21(2): 174.     CrossRef
  • Impact of a financial incentive policy on Korean nurse staffing
    Y. Kim, J. Kim
    International Nursing Review.2015; 62(2): 171.     CrossRef
  • A Delphi Study to Elicit Policies for Nurse Workforce based on Patient Safety
    Sung Ok Chang, Byoung Sook Lee, Jong Im Kim, Sung Rae Shin
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2014; 20(2): 215.     CrossRef
  • Analysis on Satisfaction of Nursing Services for Elderly hospitalized in Attended Ward and General Ward
    Mee-Suk Wang, In Deok Lee, M.S. Kang, Eun-Kwang Cha, Dae-Ho Choi, Hyeon-Cheol Jeong
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(5): 3014.     CrossRef
  • Financial Projection of the Nursing Fee Differentiation Policy Improvement Proposal in the National Health Insurance: Using a Break-even Analysis Model for the Optimal Nursing Fee
    Sungjae Kim, Jinhyun Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2013; 19(5): 565.     CrossRef
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Effects of Case Management using Resident Assessment Instrument-Home Care (RAI-HC) in Home Health Services for Older People
Kyung Ja June, Ji Yun Lee, Jong Lull Yoon
J Korean Acad Nurs 2009;39(3):366-375.   Published online June 29, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.3.366
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

To evaluate the effects of case management using Resident Assessment Instrument-Home Care (RAI-HC) in home health service for older people.

Methods

All elders were assessed at baseline and 3 months later using RAI-HC. The change of function in the intervention group was compared with that of a conventional intervention group. Function was measured with Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS), Depression Rating Scale (DRS), Pain and the number of Clinical Assessment Protocols (CAP).

Results

Among ninety two elders participated in the program, 59 were allocated to the case management group and 33 to the conventional group. The intervention, home health service by a nurse over a 3 month period, consisted of comprehensive assessment, case conference for care plan, direct care, education and referral, and outcome evaluation. The percent of elders whose function improved in the intervention group was greater than the conventional group for depression (odds ratio [OR]: 10.941, confidence interval [CI]: 2.338-51.206), IADL (OR: 4.423, CI: 1.151-16.999) and the number of CAP (OR: 11.443, CI: 3.805-34.410).

Conclusion

Case management was effective for older people in the community. The effect might have resulted from individual, systematic intervention, however, standards of service including eligibility criteria for case management and collaboration of multi-disciplines is required for more effective home health service programs.

Citations

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  • Examining Utilization of Formal Supports and Related Impacts on Overall Well-Being Among East Asian American Family Caregivers of Persons With Dementia: A Mixed-Methods Study
    Kathy Lee, Jessica Cassidy, Jihui Lee, Chang Hyun Seo, Alan Kunz Lomelin, Hye-Won Shin, Joshua D Grill, Tonya J Roberts
    The Gerontologist.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Justine L. Giosa, Paul Stolee, Paul Holyoke
    BMC Geriatrics.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Bumjung Kim, Hyeyoun Jun, Jisun Lee, Yun Min Kim
    Social Work in Public Health.2020; 35(4): 163.     CrossRef
  • Care Tips for Self-Care among Older Diabetic Patients
    Been Yoo
    The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2019; 20(3): 190.     CrossRef
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    S. Kim, K. Kim, S. J. Kim
    International Nursing Review.2018; 65(4): 550.     CrossRef
  • Risk and protective factors associated with intentional self‐harm among older community‐residing home care clients in Ontario, Canada
    Eva Neufeld, John P. Hirdes, Christopher M. Perlman, Terry Rabinowitz
    International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry.2015; 30(10): 1032.     CrossRef
  • Current Status and Barriers to Health Care Services for Nursing Home Residents: Perspectives of Staffs in Korean Nursing Homes
    Yeon-Hwan Park, Hwal Lan Bang, Ga Hye Kim, Seieun Oh, Young-Il Jung, Hongsoo Kim
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2015; 27(4): 418.     CrossRef
  • Improving health status and reduction of institutionalization in long‐term care—Effects of the Resident Assessment Instrument‐Home Care by degree of implementation
    Claudia Stolle, Annika Wolter, Günter Roth, Heinz Rothgang
    International Journal of Nursing Practice.2015; 21(5): 612.     CrossRef
  • The Relationship Between Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Chronic Diseases, and Depression Among Older Korean Immigrants
    Bum Jung Kim, Young Choi
    Educational Gerontology.2015; 41(6): 417.     CrossRef
  • Home Visits for Prevention of Impairment and Death in Older Adults: A Systematic Review
    Sean Grant, Amanda Parsons, Jennifer Burton, Paul Montgomery, Kristen Underhill, Evan Mayo Wilson
    Campbell Systematic Reviews.2014; 10(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • RAI-HC as an innovative tool for future practice in home care
    Helena Kisvetrová, Yukari Yamada
    Journal of Nursing, Social Studies, Public Health and Rehabilitation.2014; 5(1-2): 16.     CrossRef
  • Preventive Home Visits for Mortality, Morbidity, and Institutionalization in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Evan Mayo-Wilson, Sean Grant, Jennifer Burton, Amanda Parsons, Kristen Underhill, Paul Montgomery, Hemachandra Reddy
    PLoS ONE.2014; 9(3): e89257.     CrossRef
  • Structural Equation Modeling on Case Management Outcomes and Factors Influencing Outcomes in the Community-dwelling Vulnerable Elders
    Hyunjung Moon, In-Sook Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(6): 791.     CrossRef
  • Effects of the Resident Assessment Instrument in home care settings
    C. Stolle, A. Wolter, G. Roth, H. Rothgang
    Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie.2012; 45(4): 315.     CrossRef
  • Developing a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment Package for Successful Aging
    Seon-Ho Kim, Doo-Nam Oh
    The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2012; 12(9): 257.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Case Management for Clients with Clonorchiasis in Riverside Areas
    Chunmi Kim, Hee-Gerl Kim, Kyung-Ja June, Souk-Young Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2012; 23(4): 427.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Tailored Case Management using a Gatekeeper for the Depressed Single-household Elderly Population -Focusing on the Mental Health Case Management-
    Yun-Jung Choi, Mi-Ra Won
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2012; 23(4): 376.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of a Case Management Program of Customized Home Visiting Health Service for Clients with Arthritis
    Soon-Ok Yang, Myung Soon Kwon, Yong-Jun Choi, Seung-Hee Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2011; 22(2): 151.     CrossRef
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    Eun-Joo Bang, Soon-Young Yun
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2010; 21(2): 263.     CrossRef
  • The Comparison of Functional Status and the Level of Health Care Needs in Elderly Koreans in Health Care Institutions
    Hyun-Sil Kim, Young-Mi Jung, Hung-Sa Lee, Yoo-Hyang Cho, In-Young Yoo
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2010; 21(4): 386.     CrossRef
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  • 21 Crossref
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A Study of Factors that Influence Internet Addiction, Smoking, and Drinking in High School Students
Kyung Ja June, Shin Young Sohn, Ae Young So, Ggod Me Yi, Sun Hee Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(6):872-882.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.6.872
AbstractAbstract PDF

PURPOSE: This study aimed at exploring relationships among Internet addiction, smoking, and drinking and examining the effect factors on Internet addiction, smoking and drinking. METHODS: By using stratified sampling, 1,529 participants representing high school students in the Kangwon province were selected. Data was analyzed by SPSS 12.0. using chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. RESULTS: One-fifth of the total participants were at the mild or moderate stage of Internet addiction. Regarding smoking, 22.7% of male subjects and 4.5% of female subjects were current smokers. Regarding drinking, the percentages of subjects who drank alcohol once or twice per month were 53.5% of male students and 40.7% of female students. Internet addiction positively correlated with depression, novelty seeking, harm avoidance and reward dependence, Internet addiction negatively correlated with persistence, self-directness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence. Significant factors affecting Internet addiction were depression, gender, novelty seeking, and self-transcendence. Important factors influencing smoking were drinking, gender, school type, satisfaction with school, novelty seeking, and reward dependence. Significant factors affecting drinking were smoking, novelty seeking, school type and ages. CONCLUSION: This study shows the necessity of developing and implementing effective intervention programs in order to prevent adolescents from experiencing Internet addiction and health risk behaviors.

Citations

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  • Involvement of DAT1 Gene on Internet Addiction: Cross-Correlations of Methylation Levels in 5′-UTR and 3’-UTR Genotypes, Interact with Impulsivity and Attachment-Driven Quality of Relationships
    Laura De Nardi, Valentina Carpentieri, Esterina Pascale, Mariangela Pucci, Claudio D'Addario, Luca Cerniglia, Walter Adriani, Silvia Cimino
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(21): 7956.     CrossRef
  • Classroom as a playground
    Libor Práger, Václav Řeřicha
    e-Pedagogium.2020; 19(4): 7.     CrossRef
  • Investigating the Effect of Personality, Internet Literacy, and Use Expectancies in Internet-Use Disorder: A Comparative Study between China and Germany
    Benjamin Stodt, Matthias Brand, Cornelia Sindermann, Elisa Wegmann, Mei Li, Min Zhou, Peng Sha, Christian Montag
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(4): 579.     CrossRef
  • Expressed Needs of Students for Prevention of Internet Addiction: A Content Analysis Study
    Babak Nemat Shahrbabaki, Arezoo Fallahi, Piraveen Pirakalathanan
    Health Scope.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Impact of Depression, Ego-resilience, and Active Stress Coping on Internet Addiction Tendency among College Students
    Won Oak Oh, Hyunjeong Shin
    Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2016; 30(1): 56.     CrossRef
  • The Relationship between Internet Use and Health Behaviors among Adolescents
    Eun Gyeong Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2015; 26(1): 52.     CrossRef
  • Internet Addiction and Health Behaviors & Mental Health among Adolescents - The 2010 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey
    Dae-Hwan Kim
    Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2013; 30(2): 1.     CrossRef
  • Predictors of Addictive Behavior in Adolescents
    Hyun Sook Park, Sun Young Jung
    Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2013; 27(3): 592.     CrossRef
  • A Study of Internet Addiction, Depression and Anxiety among Smoking Adolescents
    Young-Ran Yeun
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(11): 5364.     CrossRef
  • The Study on the Relations among Ego-identity, Stress, and Internet Addiction in High School Students
    Hee Sook Kim, Yeon Hee Choi, Seong Ja Yoo
    Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2010; 19(2): 173.     CrossRef
  • Construction of the Structural Equation Model on Substance Use in Adolescents
    Jeongyee Bae, Panuncio Rosel
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(3): 446.     CrossRef
  • Development of a Cell Phone Addiction Scale for Korean Adolescents
    Hyun Young Koo
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(6): 818.     CrossRef
  • Internet overuse and excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescents
    Kwisook Choi, Hyunsook Son, Myunghee Park, Jinkyu Han, Kitai Kim, Byungkoo Lee, Hyesun Gwak
    Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences.2009; 63(4): 455.     CrossRef
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The Importance of Smoking Definitions for the Study of Adolescent Smoking Behavior
Sunhee Park, Kyung Ja June
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2006;36(4):612-620.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.4.612
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

Smoking is the leading cause of death and smoking initiation rarely occurs after adolescence. Thus research on adolescent smoking is crucial. A consistent definition of smoking is important because inconsistent definitions make comparisons across studies an arduous task. Thus, the aim of the study was to suggest future research directions for smoking definitions after examining pitfalls in the literature.

Methods

In this study the literature on adolescent smoking in the U.S. and South Korea was examined, and three types of smoking definitions were identified. Limitations in the studies are identified and future research directions are suggested.

Results

In the U.S. literature, smoking definitions can be categorized into three groups: definitions based on stage models, smoking trajectories, and definitions derived from specific data. In the South Korean literature, various levels of smoking have not been differentiated.

Conclusions

While the literature does not provide a definitive answer regarding the definition of smoking, it suggests three issues to consider for future research. First, multiple measures of smoking are more desirable than a one-time measure. Second, theory- or trajectory-based smoking definitions are more desirable than definitions derived from available data. Finally, regularity and amount of cigarette use should be incorporated in defining smoking behavior.

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  • Smoking Among Healthcare Professionals in Australia: A Scoping Review
    Masudus Salehin, Louisa Lam, Muhammad Aziz Rahman
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2025; 22(1): 113.     CrossRef
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    Kiruthika D., Ambika M.
    Journal of Indian Dental Association.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Won Yong Sim, Young Gyu Cho, Jae Heon Kang, Hyun Ah Park, Kyoung Woo Kim, Yang Im Hur, Koh Eun Shin, Gyeong Ran Byeon
    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2017; 38(1): 28.     CrossRef
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Factors Related to Nurse Staffing Levels in Tertiary and General Hospitals
Yun Mi Kim, Kyung Ja June, Sung Hyun Cho
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(8):1493-1499.   Published online March 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.8.1493
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Adequate staffing is necessary to meet patient care needs and provide safe, quality nursing care. In November 1999, the Korean government implemented a new staffing policy that differentiates nursing fees for inpatients based on nurse-to-bed ratios. The purpose was to prevent hospitals from delegating nursing care to family members of patients or paid caregivers, and ultimately deteriorating the quality of nursing care services.

Purpose

To examine nurse staffing levels and related factors including hospital, nursing and medical staff, and financial characteristics.

Methods

A cross-sectional design was employed using two administrative databases, Medical Care Institution Database and Medical Claims Data for May 1-31, 2002. Nurse staffing was graded from 1 to 6, based on grading criteria of nurse-to-bed ratios provided by the policy. The study sample consisted of 42 tertiary and 186 general acute care hospitals.

Results

None of tertiary or general hospitals gained the highest nurse staffing of Grade 1 (i.e., less than 2 beds per nurse in tertiary hospitals; less than 2.5 beds per nurse in general hospitals). Two thirds of the general hospitals had the lowest staffing of Grade 6 (i.e., 4 or more beds per nurse in tertiary hospitals; 4.5 or more beds per nurse in general hospitals). Tertiary hospitals were better staffed than general hospitals, and private hospitals had higher staffing levels compared to public hospitals. Large-sized general hospitals located in metropolitan areas had higher staffing than other general hospitals. Occupancy rate was positively related to nurse staffing. A negative relationship between nursing assistant and nurse staffing was found in general hospitals. A greater number of physician specialists were associated with better nurse staffing.

Conclusions

The staffing policy needs to be evaluated and modified to make it more effective in leading hospitals to increase nurse staffing.

Citations

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  • High-Volume Hospital Had Lower Mortality of Severe Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients
    Sang-Won Park, James Jisu Han, Nam Hun Heo, Eun Chae Lee, Dong-Hun Lee, Ji Young Lee, Boung Chul Lee, Young Wha Lim, Gui Ok Kim, Jae Sang Oh
    Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society.2024; 67(6): 622.     CrossRef
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    Yunmi Kim, Jiyun Kim, Soon Ae Shin
    International Journal of Nursing Studies.2019; 89: 104.     CrossRef
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    Kyoung-Suk Son, Kyung Sook Cho
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2019; 25(3): 239.     CrossRef
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    Su-Jin Cho, Jinhyun Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2014; 20(1): 10.     CrossRef
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    Bohyun Park, Sukyung Seo, Taejin Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(1): 39.     CrossRef
  • Nurse staffing, quality of nursing care and nurse job outcomes in intensive care units
    Sung‐Hyun Cho, Kyung Ja June, Yun Mi Kim, Yong Ae Cho, Cheong Suk Yoo, Sung‐Cheol Yun, Young Hee Sung
    Journal of Clinical Nursing.2009; 18(12): 1729.     CrossRef
  • Nurse Staffing and Patient Mortality in Intensive Care Units
    Sung-Hyun Cho, Jeong Hae Hwang, Jaiyong Kim
    Nursing Research.2008; 57(5): 322.     CrossRef
  • Impact of nurse staffing level on emergency department market share
    Jee-In Hwang, Hyejung Chang
    Health Care Management Review.2007; 32(3): 245.     CrossRef
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A Survey on Functional Status among Low-Income Older Adults Living at Home
Kyung Ja June, Yoon Mi Cho
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(5):749-758.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.5.749
AbstractAbstract PDF

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to analyze the functional status of low income elderly living at home according to their socio-economic factors, sensory function, health status, medical service utilization, commodity and types of chronic disease.
METHOD
Functional status was defined by the level of mobility, ADL and IADL categorized as independently functional, mildly impaired, moderately disabled, and severely disabled. The data was collected by home-visit interviews with 567 community dwelling adults who were 65 years of age or more with low a income status subsidized by government in ChonAn.
RESULTS
9.9% of community dwelling older adults were severely disabled, and 44.4% were moderately disabled in their functional status. There were significant differences in the functional status by age, education, religion, and types of family structure. The older adults with hearing impairment or dental problems had a significantly higher rate of severe disability. Self-rated health status and medical service utilization were also significant factors to the differences in functional status. The functional status of older adults was also significantly related to the presence of chronic health problems such as chronic back pain, stroke, and Alzheimer-dementia.
CONCLUSION
The results confirmed that community dwelling older adults with low income status were more functionally disabled in comparison to general older adults at national level, while the relating factors to their functional status seemed similar to other studies on older adults. Further studies were suggested to look into functional status longitudinally and focus on the changes of functional status by managing modifiable influencing factors.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effects of Case Management using Resident Assessment Instrument-Home Care (RAI-HC) in Home Health Services for Older People
    Kyung Ja June, Ji Yun Lee, Jong Lull Yoon
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(3): 366.     CrossRef
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Effects of Motivation-Enhancing Program on Health Behaviors, Cardiovascular Risk factors, and Functional status for Institutionalized Elderly Women
Rhayun Song, Kyung Ja June, You Ja Ro, Chun Gill Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(5):858-870.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.5.858
AbstractAbstract PDF

This study was to compare changes in health behaviors, motivational factors, cardiovascular risk factors, and functional status (SIP) after implementing the 6-month motivation-enhancing program to institutionalized elderly women.
METHODS
Sixty-four elderly women participated. Face to face interviews with blood sampling and anthropometric assessment were conducted at the pretest, 10 weeks and 6 months during the program.
RESULTS
1. The program participants showed significantly better health behaviors over 6 months. The mean motivational level was also significantly improved, especially for perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and emotional salience. 2. The mean of cardiovascular risk factors for the participants was 21.8 at the level of low to moderate risk. After completing the program, total risk score was significantly decreased to 18.7 at 10 weeks, and further to 17.7 at 6 months. A significant reduction was also found in HDL and LDL-cholesterol levels, blood pressure, obesity, inactivity, and stress. 3. The functional status (SIP) was 11% at the baseline and significantly changed in positive direction at 10 weeks (M=9.3) and at 6 month (M=6.3). The significant improvement was also found in physical and psychosocial dimensions and sleep/rest dimension.
CONCLUSION
The motivation enhancing program was effective to reduce cardiovascular risks and to improve the functional status of institutionalized elderly women by motivating them to perform better health behaviors.

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The Influencing Factors on the Quality of Job Role of Married, Working Women in Korea
Eun Ok Park, Kyung Ja June
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(7):1697-1708.   Published online March 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.7.1697
AbstractAbstract PDF

The labor participation rate of women are increasing, especially for married and 30 and over aged women in Korea. The employment of married women occurs dual-role problems. But recent empirical evidences suggest that employment yields a net gain of benefits over costs with respect to both physical and mental health for women as well as men. Previous researches suggested that the quality of the role or role satisfaction, not the occupancy of the role, is one of the predictors of psychological health. The purpose of this study is to investigate influencing factors on quality of job role for Korean women with children and husband. Data were collected from 323 mothers of students at 3 kindergartens, 2 elementary schools, 3 middle schools, 4 high schools in metropolitan area, during 1998.8 - 1998.12. they were dual-earner couples, and were employed over one year. Response rate is 62.3%. Quality of role was measured using Role Quality Scale developed by Park, June & Kim(1999). This instrument is based on Role Rewards and Concerns Scale of Barnett et al.(1993) for quality of job role. Quality of job role is made of 27 items and the subfactors are interpersonal relationship, job stress, pride, payment, and autonomy. Scales have good internal consistency(Cronbach ??= 0.86). The findings of this study show that personal income, occupation, husband's attitude for wife's employment, and the perceived equity for labor division between couples are significant variables for quality of job role. But age, education, career years, working hours per week are not significant. 24.83% of the variance in quality of job role were accounted for by these variables.

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Effects of Low-intensity Exercise on Functional Ability in Hospitalized Elderly
Rhayun Song, Yeon Ok Suh, Young Rhan Um, Kyung Ja June, Beverly L Roberts
Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(4):807-819.   Published online March 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.4.807
AbstractAbstract PDF

The purpose of the study was to identify the effects of 12-week low-intensity exercise program on muscle strength, flexibility, balance, and cognitive characteristics related to the performance of activity of daily living(ADL). A total of 16 patients who were admitted to the medical unit of a general hospital in ChoongChung province were recruited eight for the exercise group and eight for the comparison group. Four levels of low-intensity exercise from 'ROM on bed' to 'exercise while walking' were then applied to the exercise group according to their physical condition. During hospitalization, patients in the exercise group performed each level of the prescribed exercise with the researchers until they felt. comfortable doing it independently. The researchers also visited the patients' homes after discharge to make sure they could perform the exercise with Theraband in their living environment. The exercise group was contacted by phone once a week to assess the frequency and intensity in which they performed the exercise as well as their physical condition. The subjects in the comparison group participated in measurements for the study without performing the exercise and were contacted by phone after discharge, in a matched time frame with the exercise group, to assess physical condition. Muscle strength, flexibility, balance, cognitive characteristics, and performance of ADL for the two groups were compared at the pretest and the posttest after the low-intensity exercise program by utilizing SPSSWIN and the results are as follows : 1) At the posttest, measurments of muscle strengths showed that the strength of the dorsal flexor in the exercise group was significantly higher than in the comparison group. 2) Objective balance for the exercise group was significantly better than for the comparison group as measured by 'standing on one foot' and Tinetti gait and balance control. 3) The exercise group showed significantly higher task self-efficacy than the comparison group. 4) Perceived exertion for ADL for the exercise group was significantly lower than for the comparison group. 5) Improvement of performance of ADL without assistance was significantly for the exercise group than the comparison group. The findings suggest that a low-intensity exercise program would be useful for the elderly who show decline in their physical functioning due to hospitalization by partly improving physical strength, task self-efficacy, and performance of ADL. Directions for further research on issues of motivating people to exercise as well as of standardizing various types of exercise were discussed.

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Psychometrics of Task Self-Efficacy Scale for Korean Elderly
Young Rhan Um, Rhayun Song, Yean Ok Suh, Kyung Ja June, Beverly L Roberts
Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1997;27(4):831-842.   Published online March 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1997.27.4.831
AbstractAbstract PDF

The purpose of the study was to test the reliability and validity of the Korean version of Task Self-Efficacy Scale for activities of daily living(ADL). The Task Self-Efficacy Scale was developed by Roberts(1996) for low-intensity exercise study with older people to predict their performance of ADL. The scale was translated and back translated by bilingual persons, and then was modified to resolve variations in the translations. The Korean version of Self-efficacy Scale of ADL was then administered to 193 elderly people including 95 hospitalized patients and 98 outpatients or healthy people. Face to face interview was used to fill out the structured questionnaire, and each interview took approximately 30 minutes. The subjects for the study were 80 women and 112 men with an age range of 65 to 95 years(M=71 years) of whom 82.6% classified themselves as moderate or quite active. Most subjects(80.2%) had an education level of elementary school or less. The Self-Efficacy Scale for ADL is measured on a 0 to 10 VAS, assessing three areas of ADL : self care activities, household tasks, and motor tasks. The higher the score is the higher person's confidence in performing ADL. Psychometric testing revealed that the scale was found to be internally consistent, showing a Cronbach's alpha of .97. The scale was significantly correlated with subjects' level of activity and subjective assessment of their health status. Moderate correlation with health-related hardiness scale also supported the validity. Factor analysis was performed to confirm whether the scale represents the three sub-areas as suggested in the literature. The results of the factor analysis led to a three factor solution according to Kaiser's criterion, but the items were not strongly and cleanly loaded for the third factor. This can be explained in that, among the three sub-ADL ares of the self-efficacy scale, the areas of self care activities and household tasks seem to have similar levels of difficulty in performance with not enough differences for the self-efficacy scale to distinguish between the two areas. Therefore, one factor solution was suggested since ADL can be seen a unit of activities as similar level of difficulty in performance. One factor solution explained 68.1% of variance of the 19-item scale and all items all correlated over .6 with the factor, showing that the selected factor solution fits the model. The results indicated that the Korean version of Task Self-Efficacy Scale for ADL was reliable and valid in producing useful information to evaluate the effects of various interventions toward promoting health and quality of life for elderly people.

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