-
Nurses' Experiences of the Death of Patients in Geriatric Hospitals
-
Mi Joung Yi, Jeong Seop Lee
-
J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(4):513-522. Published online August 31, 2015
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.4.513
-
-
Abstract
PDF
-
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify and understand nurses' experiences of the death of patients in geriatric hospitals.
Methods
Van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological analysis was applied in the interpretation of experiential descriptions of seven nurses who had experienced the death of patients in a geriatric hospital.
Results
The essential subjects derived from the experience of the nurses on the death of patients in a geriatric hospital are covered in the following 7 themes. 'Placed in death site', 'Difficult repetition of death and farewell', 'Emotional waves that rushes in after farewell', 'Dilemmas in a place with no preparation to greet expected death', 'Getting dull from continually being struck with sorrow', 'Being together with living death', and 'Showing courtesy for a good farewell and living well'.
Conclusion
The results of this research will contribute to the development of policy on all the deaths of patients in geriatric hospitals and suggest basic data that need to be applied in real practice and directions to introduce plans for realistic improvements in nursing care of deathbed patients in geriatric hospitals.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- “A Life Slips Through Our Fingers” Experiences of Nurses Working in Pediatric Intensive Care Units About Children’s Death: A Qualitative Study
Musa Özsavran, Aylin Kurt, Tülay Kuzlu Ayyıldız, Zeynep Gül OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - The Influence of Death Perception and Terminal Care Stress on Terminal Care Performance of Nurses Working in Long-Term Care Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study
Ja-Young Kim, Hanyi Lee Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2022; 24(3): 269. CrossRef - Factors Influencing End-of-Life Care Competency of Long Term Care Hospital Nurses: A Cross Sectional Study
Sookyeon Son, Mi-Kyeong Jeon Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2022; 24(2): 174. CrossRef - Knowledge, Experience, and Attitudes of Nurses at Long-Term Care Hospitals regarding Advance Directives
Go Eun Park, Nae Young Lee The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2022; 25(4): 139. CrossRef - A qualitative study of phenomenology of perspectives of student nurses: experience of death in clinical practice
ShiShuang Zhou, LiZhen Wei, Wei Hua, XiaoChong He, Jia Chen BMC Nursing.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - ICU Nurses’ Experiences with Patient Care after Death
Ji Young Park, Ki Kyong Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2022; 28(1): 43. CrossRef - Factors Affecting Quality of Life Among the Elderly in Long-Term Care Hospitals
Hee-Kyung CHANG, Cho-Rong GIL, Hye-Jin KIM, Han-Ju BEA Journal of Nursing Research.2021; 29(1): e134. CrossRef - Nurses’ Experiences on End-of-Life Care for Older Patients in Long-Term Care Hospitals: Focusing on the Process of Practice and Barriers
Iktae Kim, Jun-Ah Song Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2021; 23(3): 311. CrossRef - Nurses' Experiences of End-of-life Care for Elderly Patients in Long-term Care Hospitals
Chun Yee Lee, Ga Eon Lee Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2020; 31(2): 199. CrossRef - Lived experiences toward moral distress among long-term care hospital nurses: A phenomenological approach
So young Lee, Jung A Kim The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2020; 26(2): 167. CrossRef - Long-term Care Hospital Nurses' Awareness and Ethical Attitudes toward DNR
Kye Ha Kim, Sun Jin Jeong Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2019; 21(2): 61. CrossRef - Effect of Nursing Professionalism and Organizational Communication on Intent to Stay in Geriatric Hospital Nurses
Bi-Joo Kim, Mi-Aie Lee Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2018; 24(5): 455. CrossRef - Effects of Empathy and Attitude in Caring for Elders by Nurses in Geriatric Nursing Practice in Long-term Care Hospitals
Young Kyoung Kim, Suhye Kwon Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2017; 19(3): 203. CrossRef - Experience of Life-sustaining Treatment in Patient Care among Intensive Care Unit Nurses: Phenomenological Approach
Su Jeong Lee, Hye Young Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2016; 23(2): 172. CrossRef - Concept Analysis of Nurses’ Acceptance of Patient Deaths
Mi Joung Yi, Jeong Seop Lee The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2016; 19(1): 34. CrossRef
-
200
View
-
2
Download
-
15
Crossref
-
Depression and Caregiving Burden in Families of Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
-
Juyeon Oh, Ji Won An, Ki-Wook Oh, Seong-Il Oh, Jung A Kim, Seung Hyun Kim, Jeong Seop Lee
-
J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(2):202-210. Published online April 30, 2015
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.2.202
-
-
Abstract
PDF
-
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to describe depression, caregiving burden and the correlation of the two variables in the families of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and to clarify factors predicting caregiving burden.
Methods
A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 139 family members who provided care to patients with ALS. The characteristics of patients and families, Korean-Beck Depression Inventory (K-BDI), Korean version of Zarit Burden Interview (K-ZBI) and Korean-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale - Revised (K-ALSFRS-R) were used as study measures.
Results
The mean score for K-BDI was 19.39 out of 63 suggesting sub-clinical depression and 38.2% of the family members exhibited depression. The mean score for K-ZBI was 66.03 out of 88. The predictors for K-ZBI were K-BDI, age of family member, length of time spent per day in caring, relationship to patient and K-ALSFRS-R.
Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that levels of depression and caregiving burden are high among family members caring for patients with ALS. As depression is associated with caregiving burden, screening and emotional supports should be provided to reduce the burden of care for these family. Support programs to alleviate the care burden are also needed, considering family demographics, time per day in caring giving and K-ALSFRS-R.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- Effectiveness of the Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Caregivers of Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Scoping Review
Lutfiye İpek, Gokce Yagmur Gunes Gencer, Pınar Kısacık, Sibel Bozgeyik Journal of Nursology.2025; 28(1): 89. CrossRef - Caring for people living with ALS in Korea: challenges and possible paths forward
Crystal Jing Jing Yeo, Zachary Simmons Muscle & Nerve.2024; 70(5): 881. CrossRef - The quality of life and depression in primary caregivers of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is affected by patient-related and culture-specific conditions
Anna Maksymowicz-Śliwińska, Dorothée Lulé, Krzysztof NieporĘcki, Katarzyna Ciećwierska, Albert C. Ludolph, Magdalena Kuźma-Kozakiewicz Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration.2023; 24(3-4): 317. CrossRef - The experiences of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis of their decision‐making processes to invasive home mechanical ventilation—A qualitative study
Tina Thorborg, Jeanette Finderup, Dorte Skriver Winther, Charlotte Kirkegaard Lorenzen, Pia Dreyer Nursing Open.2023; 10(8): 5139. CrossRef - Psychological Support for Family Caregivers of Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis at the Time of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Pilot Study Using a Telemedicine Approach
Minoo Sharbafshaaer, Daniela Buonanno, Carla Passaniti, Manuela De Stefano, Sabrina Esposito, Fabrizio Canale, Giulia D’Alvano, Marcello Silvestro, Antonio Russo, Gioacchino Tedeschi, Mattia Siciliano, Francesca Trojsi Frontiers in Psychiatry.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Factors associated with caring behaviors of family caregivers for patients receiving home mechanical ventilation with tracheostomy: A cross-sectional study
Hyang Sook Kim, Chung Eun Lee, Yong Sook Yang, Tai-Heng Chen PLOS ONE.2021; 16(7): e0254987. CrossRef - Family Caregiver Suffering in Caring for Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Korea
Juyeon Oh, Jung-A Kim, Min Sun Chu International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(9): 4937. CrossRef - Everyday life experiences of close relatives of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis receiving home mechanical ventilation—A qualitative study
Dorte Winther, Charlotte Kirkegaard Lorenzen, Pia Dreyer Journal of Clinical Nursing.2020; 29(13-14): 2306. CrossRef - Unmet supportive care needs mediate the relationship between functional status and quality of life in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Juyeon Oh, Seung Hyun Kim, Jung A Kim Palliative and Supportive Care.2019; 17(6): 650. CrossRef - The Impact of Cognitive and Behavioral Symptoms on ALS Patients and Their Caregivers
Jashelle Caga, Sharpley Hsieh, Patricia Lillo, Kaitlin Dudley, Eneida Mioshi Frontiers in Neurology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef - Validity and Utility of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Detecting Depression in Family Caregivers of Persons with Dementia
Jiangbo Ying, Philip Yap, Mihir Gandhi, Tau Ming Liew Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders.2019; 47(4-6): 323. CrossRef - Caregiving burden and depression in paid caregivers of hospitalized patients: a pilot study in China
Yao-Dan Liang, Ya-Li Wang, Zhi Li, Li He, Ying Xu, Qing Zhang, Gui-Ying You, Xu-Hua Mi BMC Public Health.2018;[Epub] CrossRef - The amyotrophic lateral sclerosis supportive care needs assessment instrument: Development and psychometric evaluation
Juyeon Oh, Seong-il Oh, Jung A Kim Palliative and Supportive Care.2018; 16(6): 692. CrossRef - Factors Influencing Psychosocial Well-Being in Family Caregivers of People with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Hyeon Sik Chu, Young Ran Tak, Seung Hyun Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2018; 48(4): 454. CrossRef - Factor analysis of the Zarit Burden Interview in family caregivers of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Juyeon Oh, Jung A. Kim Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration.2018; 19(1-2): 50. CrossRef - An exploration into caring for a stroke-survivor in Lima, Peru: Emotional impact, stress factors, coping mechanisms and unmet needs of informal caregivers
M. Amalia Pesantes, Lena R. Brandt, Alessandra Ipince, J. Jaime Miranda, Francisco Diez-Canseco eNeurologicalSci.2017; 6: 33. CrossRef - Information-seeking Behavior and Information Needs in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Juyeon Oh, Jung A Kim CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2017; 35(7): 345. CrossRef - Supportive care needs of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease and their caregivers: A scoping review
Juyeon Oh, Jung A Kim Journal of Clinical Nursing.2017; 26(23-24): 4129. CrossRef - Convergence Study on Burden in Families Caregivers of Patients with Burn
Gye-Hyun Jung, Hyun-Ju Na Journal of the Korea Convergence Society.2016; 7(6): 275. CrossRef
-
249
View
-
5
Download
-
19
Crossref
-
Return to Work Experience among Military Officers with Cancer
-
Mira Son, Jeong Seop Lee
-
J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(1):147-156. Published online February 27, 2015
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.1.147
-
-
Abstract
PDF
-
Purpose
This study was done to describe the return to work experience of military officers with cancer.
Methods
Individual in-depth interviews with 15 participants were conducted between September 2013 and April 2014. Participants were interviewed 1~4 times; interviews continued until the data became saturated. Data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory.
Results
The core category emerged as "living a new life after enduring difficulties". The return to work process consisted of four sequential phases: chaos, positive thought formation, behavior practices, and reformation. Action/interaction strategies used by military officers with cancer to resolve enduring difficulties were controlling emotions, accepting reality, prioritizing health, making efforts to improve relationships, and looking for future jobs.
Conclusion
These results will promote understanding of military officers' return to work experience following cancer survival, and will be helpful in developing more effective nursing interventions through enhanced perspectives and insights of practitioners.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- Changes after cancer diagnosis and return to work: experience of Korean cancer patients
Ka Ryeong Bae, Juhee Cho BMC Cancer.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Taking an obscure path, a common concern during returning to work after cancer
Vahid Zamanzadeh, Leila Valizadeh, Mohammad Zirak, Azad Rahmani Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation.2019; 51(3): 369. CrossRef
-
193
View
-
4
Download
-
2
Crossref
-
Effectiveness of Enneagram Group Counseling for Self-identification and Depression in Nursing College Students
-
Jeong Seop Lee, Jeong Ah Yoon, Keong Jin Do
-
J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(5):649-657. Published online October 31, 2013
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.5.649
-
-
Abstract
PDF
-
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine effects of enneagram group counseling program on self-identification and depression in nursing college students. Three groups, categorized by how the students solve their conflicts, were selected to identify changes from the program.
Methods
A quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group and pre posttest design was used. Participants were assigned to the experimental group (n=30) or control group (n=33). The experimental group participated in enneagram group counseling program for 38 hours through eight sessions covering four different topics. Collected data were analyzed using Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and Wilcoxon signed rank test.
Results
Total self-identity score for the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups for depression scores. The Assertive and Compliant groups demonstrated significant change in self-identification while the Withdrawn groups did not reveal any change.
Conclusion
Results indicate that the enneagram group counseling program is very effective in establishing positive self-identification for nursing college students who face developmental crisis and stressful situations. It is also expected that this program would be useful to enhance the students' confidence through a deeper understanding and acceptance of themselves.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Combined with Music Relaxation Therapy on the Self-Identity of College Students
Jing Yin, Rahim Khan Journal of Healthcare Engineering.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef - Frequency of personality types based on enneagram in a Turkish sample: A web-based cross-sectional study
Zekeriya Aktürk, Kenan Taştan Ortadoğu Tıp Dergisi.2020; 12(2): 211. CrossRef - Is the Enneagram Personality System an Effective Approach in Explaining Drug Addiction?
Mozhgan Saeidi, Saeid Komasi, Mohammad Mahdi Amiri, Mona Azizi, Mostafa Alikhani Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health Studies.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Is enneagram personality system able to predict perceived risk of heart disease and readiness to lifestyle modification?
Saeid Komasi, Ali Zakiei, SeyedRamin Ghasemi, NaderRajabi Gilan, Anis Veisi, Delaram Bagherirad, Mozhgan Saeidi Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia.2019; 22(4): 394. CrossRef - Effects of Passive Music Listening on Psychological Well-Being and Depression in Undergraduate Nursing Students
Moon-Sook Yoo, Jee-Won Park, Mi-Sook Song, Mi-Ae You, Hyung-Ran Park Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2013; 27(3): 490. CrossRef
-
216
View
-
8
Download
-
5
Crossref
-
The Coping Experience in Hypertensive Clients
-
Jeong Seop Lee, Sei Young Oh, Hye Sook Han, Yeo Jin Yi
-
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(5):759-769. Published online March 29, 2017
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.5.759
-
-
Abstract
PDF
PURPOSE: To find the experience about clients with hypertension and to help them to care for themselves in the community. METHOD All data was collected from August 1999 to October 1999, through in-depth interviews, observation, and telephone interview with 7 participants who have been diagnosed with hypertension for 1 to 10 years. According to Strauss and Corbin's Methodology, the data was continuously coded into concepts and categories, and then new data was analyzed simultaneously by a constant comparative method. RESULTS There are 171 concepts, and then they were grouped into 34 the lower categories and 15 to the upper categories. The course of the coping of fear in hypertensive client consisted of 6 processes. The awareness of seriousness was context, and the fear was core phenomenon about the coping experience. We also found that hypertensive clients have 3 patterns, depending on the awareness degree of seriousness and the fear about hypertension. CONCLUSION Our nurses should recognize the importance of effective management and seriousness about hypertension, offer clients the importance of family support and the information of etiology, symptoms and signs of hypertension, and provide the correct information on hypertensive medication. We should be able to guide their fear about hypertension to positive self-management, so that they may manage their disease thoroughly and effectively.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- The Development of a Specific Quality of Life Scale for Hypertensive Patients: Methodological Study
Ho Jin Kim, Gab Sun Song Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2022; 34(6): 523. CrossRef - Health-Related Quality of Life Based on Comorbidities Among Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease
Jieun Cha, Dallong Han Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2020; 11(4): 194. CrossRef - Effects of Community-based Case Management Program for Clients with Hypertension
Ae-Young So, Yun-Mi Kim, Eun-Young Kim, Chang-Yup Kim, Cheol-Hwan Kim, Hee-Gerl Kim, Eun-Young Shin, Weon-Seob Yoo, Ggod-Me Yi, Kyung-Ja June Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(6): 822. CrossRef
-
138
View
-
0
Download
-
3
Crossref
-
The Experience of Life in with Diabetics
-
Jeong Seop Lee, Seung Ok Ro, Duck Shin Shin, Mee Hye Kim, Young Mi Jung
-
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(5):1219-1229. Published online March 29, 2017
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.5.1219
-
-
Abstract
PDF
The purpose of this study was to describe and understand how diabetics dealt with the result of the various changes of lifestyle. The grounded theory approach of qualitative research methods was used for building a substantive theory about that. The subjects of this study were 10 clients who experienced diabetes from 4 to 30 years. The data was collected from August 1999 to November 1999 through in-depth interviews utilizing home visitation and telephone interview technique then it was and analyzed simultaneously by a constant comparative method in which the new data was continuously coded into categories and properties according to Strauss & Corbin,s methodology. One hundred six concepts were found and they were grouped into 35 categories and then into 14 categories. The results were as follows difficulty, unable to overcome the changes, disposition, disease process, tiredness, supportive environment, perception, handling, concent- ration, mastering, endurance, avoidance, giving up and tailoring. The core phenomenon was 'tiredness' and these categories were synthesized into one core concept, the process of tailoring. The process of tailoring in diabetics consisted of: 1) going through difficulty of disease management 2) experiencing tiredness from the difficulty of disease management 3) perception of disease from tiredness 4) undergoing various self-management 5) controlling the process of tailoring by one's own method. Six hypotheses were derived from the relation of these concepts and four types were from intensity of tiredness, direction of disposition, type of disease process and the level of supportive environment and perception. This study offers better understanding on diabetic experiences and may facilitate more appropriate interventive strategies to provide support, information and knowledge. The nurses should utilize the results to help diabetics enjoy their lives without any trouble and must continuously develop nursing knowledges and skills.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- The Trend of Qualitative Research in Diabetes
Jeong Rim Lee The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2012; 13(4): 207. CrossRef - The Effects of Tailored Diabetes Education on Blood Glucose Control and Self-Care
Kyung Sun Hyun, Kwang Mi Kim, Sook Hee Jang Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(5): 720. CrossRef
-
128
View
-
0
Download
-
2
Crossref
-
Clinical Competency for Directing of Registered Nurses's National Examination: focused on Fundamental, Medical-Surgical, Psychiatric, women's health, community, Pediatric, and Administrative Nursing
-
Boon Han Kim, SoYaJa Kim, Jeong Seop Lee, Young Ran Tak, Hee Soon Kim, Ee Soon Choi, Kyoung Rim Shin, Kyoung Sook Choi, Gui Boon Kim, Gwang Joo Kim, So Woo Lee, Kem Soon Kim, Sook Ja Lee, Yun Hee Kim, Kyoung Hea Lee, Young Sook Jeong, Ji Ho Song, Jeong Ho Pak
-
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1998;28(4):1075-1087. Published online March 29, 2017
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1998.28.4.1075
-
-
Abstract
PDF
For producing large numbers of professional nurses who could manage 21th century's human health, it is necessary to review the direction of registered nursed' national examination which evaluates the nursing education and is granted a licence. For adapting to social expectation of the nurse, we have to nurture the nurses' problem solving capability in clinical setting. Seven divisions of Korean Academy of Nursing suggested clinical competency according to their categories. This paper was presented in the workshop for setting up direction of registered nurses' national examination. We expect that this paper would be more refine and confirm through reviewing subdivisions' learning objectives and discussing clinical minimum level of competence contents with clinical leaders.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- Development and Application of Integrated Nursing Practice Program preceded Role-play related to Clinical Communication Situation
Seo-Young Kang, You-Jin Lim Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(5): 3037. CrossRef - Current Status and Considerations for Education in Nursing Management
Eun-Kyung Kim, Se Young Kim, Myun Sook Jung, Keum Seong Jang, Jinhyun Kim, Jong Kyung Kim, Young Mee Kim, Eun Jun Park, Ki Kyong Kim, Haejung Lee Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2011; 17(2): 238. CrossRef - Student Experience and Satisfaction with Clinical Nursing Practice in Women's Health Nursing
Yunmi Kim, Nami Chun, Eun Hee Lee, In Sook Cho, Sukhee Ahn, Jeung-Im Kim, Myung Haeng Hur, Sook-Hee Lee, Hae-Kyung Lee, Chae Weon Chung, Nam Mi Kang, Hae Won Kim Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2011; 17(3): 225. CrossRef
-
121
View
-
0
Download
-
3
Crossref
-
The Experience of the Family Whose Child Has Died of Cancer
-
Jeong Seop Lee, Su Sie Kim
-
Journal of Nurses Academic Society 1994;24(3):413-431. Published online March 31, 2017
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1994.24.3.413
-
-
Abstract
PDF
The purpose of this study was to build a substantive theory about the experience of the family whose child has died of cancer. The qualitative research method used was grounded theory. The interviewees were 17 mothers who had cared for a child who had died of cancer Traditionally in Korea, mothers are the care givers in the family and are considered sensitive to the family's thoughts, feelings. The data were collected through in-depth interviews by the investigator over a period of nine months. The data were analyzed simultaniously by a constant comparative method in which new data are continuously coded into categories and properties according to Strauss and Corbin's methodology. The 16 concepts which were found as a result of analyzing the grounded data were, -left over time, the empty place, meaninglessness, inner sadness, situational sadness, heartache, physical pain, guilt, resentment, regret, support/stigmatization, finding meaning in the death, changing attitudes about life and living, changing attitudes about health, changing religious practice and changing family relations. Five categories emerged from the analysis. They were emptiness, consisting of left over time, the empty place and meaninglessness; sadness, consisting of inner sadness and situational sadness; pain, consisting of heartache and physical pain; bitterness, consisting of guilt, resentment, regret, support/stigmatization and finding meaning in the death; and transition, consisiting of changing attitudes about life and living, changing attitudes about health, changing religious practice and chang ing family relations. These categories were synthesized into the core concept, -the process of filling the empty space. The core phenomenon was emptiness. Emptiness varied with the passing of time, was perceived differently according to support/stigmatization and finding meaning in the death, was followed by sadness, pain, and bitterness, and finally resulted in changes in attitudes about life and living and about health, and in changes in religious practice and family relations. The process of filling the empty space proceeded by (1) accepting realty, (2) searching for the reason for the child's death, (3) controlling the bitter feelings, (4) reconstructing the relationships among death, illness and health and (5) filling the emptiness by resolving causes of child's death, adopting, having another child or with work. Six hypotheses were derived from the analysis. (1) The longer the bereavement, the more the empty space becomes filled. (2) The longer the hospitalization, the more support the family needs. (3) The more the sadness, pain and bitterness are expressed, the more positive changes emerge. (4) Family support faciliates the process of filling the empty space. (5) Higher family cohesiveness faciliates the process of filling the empty space. (6) The greater the variety of reasons attributed to the child's death, the greater the variety of patterns of change. Four propositions related to emptiness and bitterness were developed. (1) When the sense of emptiness is great and bitterness is manifested by severe feelings of guilt and resentment, the longer the process of filling the empty space. (2) When the sense of emptiness is great and the family is highly motivated to get rid of the bitterness, the shorter the process of filling the empty space. (3) When the sense of emptiness is less and bitter ness is manifested by severe feelings of guilt and resentment, the process of filling the empty space is delayed. (4) When the sense of emptiness is less and the family is highly motivated to get rid of the bitterness, the process of filling the empty space goes on to completion. Through this substantive theory, nurses understand the importance of emptiness and bitterness in helping the family that has lost a child through cancer fill the empty space. Further research to build substantive theories to explain other losses may contribute to a formal theory of how family health is restored after human tragedies are experienced.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- Coming to Terms: Korean Mothers’ Adaptation to Child Loss from Cancer
Min Ah Kim, Jaehee Yi, Jina Sang, Seong Young Lee, Kathiravan Srinivasan Health & Social Care in the Community.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - A photovoice study on the bereavement experience of mothers after the death of a child
Min Ah Kim, Jaehee Yi, Jina Sang, Daehee Jung Death Studies.2021; 45(5): 390. CrossRef
-
97
View
-
0
Download
-
2
Crossref
|