-
A Review on the Use of Effect Size in Nursing Research
-
Hyuncheol Kang, Kyupil Yeon, Sang-Tae Han
-
J Korean Acad Nurs 2015;45(5):641-649. Published online October 30, 2015
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.5.641
-
-
Abstract
PDF
-
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to introduce the main concepts of statistical testing and effect size and to provide researchers in nursing science with guidance on how to calculate the effect size for the statistical analysis methods mainly used in nursing.
Methods
For t-test, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, regression analysis which are used frequently in nursing research, the generally accepted definitions of the effect size were explained.
Results
Some formulae for calculating the effect size are described with several examples in nursing research. Furthermore, the authors present the required minimum sample size for each example utilizing G*Power 3 software that is the most widely used program for calculating sample size.
Conclusion
It is noted that statistical significance testing and effect size measurement serve different purposes, and the reliance on only one side may be misleading. Some practical guidelines are recommended for combining statistical significance testing and effect size measure in order to make more balanced decisions in quantitative analyses.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- Effectiveness of a blended (distance and in-person) simulation education program on advanced cardiac life support for nursing students using the PARTNER model
Miyoung Kang, Eunju Lee BMC Nursing.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Academic performance, emotional intelligence, and academic burnout: A cross-sectional study of a mediational effect in nursing students
César Merino-Soto, Marisol Angulo-Ramos, Victoria Llaja-Rojas, Guillermo M. Chans Nurse Education Today.2024; 139: 106221. CrossRef - First-line Nurse Managerial Competence and Its Influencing Factors in Public Jordanian Hospitals
Abdulkareem S. Iblasi, Samer Makahleh, Yupin Aungsuroch, Joko Gunawan, I Gede Juanamasta Nurse Media Journal of Nursing.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - The Effect of Pre-basic Nursing Science Program for First-year Nursing Students
Eun Hee Kim Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2024; 49(4): 374. CrossRef - Relationship between the Perceptions of ICU Nurses on the Disclosure of Patient Safety Incidents and Communication Barriers
In Sun Cho, Su Jung Choi Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2024; 17(1): 44. CrossRef - Factors associated with self-management behaviors among Chinese adults with ischemic stroke: A cross-sectional study
Xiaoxiao Chen, Niphawan Samartkit, Khemaradee Masingboon Belitung Nursing Journal.2024; 10(3): 285. CrossRef - Comparison of halitosis according to herbal mouthwash containing Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract and saline mouthwash: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Yu‐Rin Kim, Seoul‐Hee Nam International Journal of Dental Hygiene.2024; 22(3): 614. CrossRef - Development and application of the mobile-based virtual nursing simulation training content: A mixed methods study
Hyun-Sun Kim, Jiyoung Kang The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2024; 30(3): 290. CrossRef - Benefit-finding profiles and comparison of caregiving ability among informal caregivers of patients with lung cancer: A latent profile analysis
Xiaoyuan Lin, Ziqing Chen, Qi Zhao, Xiaozhou Zhou Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing.2024; 11(5): 100480. CrossRef - Changes in the Health Status of Children and Adolescents Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Focus on the Results of Health Examination
Eun-Joo Choi, Chung-Sook Kim, Jeong-Mo Park, Sang-Soon Gwon Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2024; 38(2): 132. CrossRef - Therapeutic Communication Using Mirroring Interventions in Nursing Education: A Mixed Methods Study
Seung Hee Lee, Hye Jin Yoo Asian Nursing Research.2024; 18(5): 435. CrossRef - Digital Health Literacy and Associated Factors Among Older Adults Living Alone in South Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study
Minhwa Hwang, Gahye Kim, Seonghyeon Lee, Yeon-Hwan Park Research in Community and Public Health Nursing.2024; 35: 389. CrossRef - The Development and Effects of Metaverse-based Core Nursing Skill Contents (CNSC) for Nursing Students: Drainage Management
Min Kweon Ahn, Min Jeong Chae Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2024; 31(4): 447. CrossRef - Analysis of the Submitted Papers’ Evaluations for the Journal of Korea Society for Simulation in Nursing
Narae Heo, Jiyoung Kim Journal of Korea Society for Simulation in Nursing.2024; 12(2): 73. CrossRef - Global Health Competencies and Educational Needs for Nursing Students in South Korea
Sujin Lee, Eunjoo Kim, Ju Young Yoon Journal of Nursing Education.2023; 62(2): 75. CrossRef - Comparison of perceived parental empathy between adolescents with leukemia and healthy adolescents: A comparative descriptive study
Youngji Moon, Sunhee Lee Heliyon.2023; 9(11): e22528. CrossRef - Dietary behavior and its influencing factors among experienced shiftwork nurses: a secondary analysis
Soyeon Kim, Jison Ki, Ji Yun Choi, Woan Heui Choi, Smi Choi-Kwon Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2023; 29(1): 32. CrossRef - Factors influencing neonatal intensive care unit nurses' parent partnership development
Eun Kyoung Kim, In Young Cho, Ji Yeong Yun, Bobae Park Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2023; 68: e27. CrossRef - Predictors of Quality of Life in Patients With Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy Receiving Nonsurgical Management Due to Chronic Pain
Yeong Gi Lee, Sung Reul Kim Pain Management Nursing.2023; 24(4): e26. CrossRef - The Effects of Emotional Labor and Workplace Violence on the Somatic Symptoms of Customer Service Employees in Department Stores
Bongsoon Ryu, Bo Hyun Park Research in Community and Public Health Nursing.2023; 34: 61. CrossRef - Effects of Post Traumatic Growth on Successful Aging in Breast Cancer Survivors in South Korea: The Mediating Effect of Resilience and Intolerance of Uncertainty
Su Jeong Yi, Ku Sang Kim, Seunghee Lee, Hyunjung Lee Healthcare.2023; 11(21): 2843. CrossRef - Genetic Testing on Patients with Developmental Delay: A Preliminary Study from the Perspective of Physicians
Gwanwook Bang, Sook Joung Lee, Bomyee Lee, Minji Park, So-Youn Park Healthcare.2022; 10(7): 1236. CrossRef - The development and effects of metaverse-based core nursing skill contents of vital signs measurements and subcutaneous injections for nursing students
Min Kweon Ahn The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2022; 28(4): 378. CrossRef - Effects of a mouthwash containing Lespedeza cuneata extract on risk of dental caries: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Yu-Rin Kim, Seoul-Hee Nam Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Do lifestyle factors influence risk of breast cancer recurrence in Korean women?: a cross-sectional survey
So-Jung Park, Hye-Ah Yeom Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2022; 28(2): 145. CrossRef - Relationship between type D personality, symptoms, cancer stigma, and quality of life among patients with lung cancer
Yu Mi Park, Hye Young Kim, Ji Young Kim, Sung Reul Kim, Yeong Hun Choe European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2022; 57: 102098. CrossRef - Validation of the Risk Prediction Tool for Wound Infection in Abdominal Surgery Patients
Hyun Kyoung Jung, Eun Nam Lee Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2022; 15(3): 75. CrossRef - Effect of the Strategic Thinking, Problem Solving Skills, and Grit on the Disaster Triage Ability of Emergency Room Nurses
Jina Yang, Kon Hee Kim International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(2): 987. CrossRef - Effects of a Sociodrama-based Communication Enhancement Program on Mothers of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Pilot Study
Sun Joo Jang, Jong-Sook Han, Myoung Hee Bang, Jung-Won Ahn Asian Nursing Research.2022; 16(2): 114. CrossRef - Changes in Dietary Behavior of Shift Work Nurses: A Longitudinal Study
Soyeon Kim, Smi Choi-Kwon, Jison Ki, Jae Geum Ryu, Jihyun Baek, Kyeongsug Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2022; 28(5): 596. CrossRef - Compassion Satisfaction, Secondary Traumatic Stress, and Burnout among Nurses Working in Trauma Centers: A Cross-Sectional Study
Hyoung Ju Lee, Miyoung Lee, Sun Joo Jang International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(14): 7228. CrossRef - Intentions of frontline nurses regarding COVID‐19 patient care: A cross‐sectional study in Korea
Yu‐Mi Heo, Miyoung Lee, Sun Joo Jang Journal of Nursing Management.2021; 29(6): 1880. CrossRef - Developing and Evaluating a Mobile-based Parental Education Program for Preventing Unintentional Injuries in Early Childhood: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Younglee Choi, Hye Young Ahn Asian Nursing Research.2021; 15(5): 329. CrossRef - The Effect of Perceived Stress, Fine Dust Risk Perception, and Resilience on Stress Response in Patients with Respiratory and Circulatory Disorders
Jin-Hee Park, Kuem-Sun Han STRESS.2021; 29(1): 21. CrossRef - Critical Thinking Disposition, Job Competency, and Educational Needs of Home Visiting Nurses in the Long-term Care Insurance
Keunyoung Shin, Sujin Shin Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2021; 23(1): 54. CrossRef - Interaction and main effects of physical and depressive symptoms on quality of life in Korean women seeking care for rectal prolapse: a cross-sectional observational study
Hee Moon, Youngrye Park, Mili Kim, Seonah Lee Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2021; 27(4): 297. CrossRef - Effects of Gymnastics-based Nursing Intervention on Stress, Obesity, and Mental Health Confidence in Patients with Chronic Mental Illness
Hee Jeong Kim, Sookbin Im Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2021; 30(1): 53. CrossRef - Development and Effects of Head-Mounted Display-Based Home-Visits Virtual Reality Simulation Program for Nursing Students
Min Kweon Ahn, Chong Mi Lee Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2021; 51(4): 465. CrossRef - Effectiveness of self-re-learning using video recordings of advanced life support on nursing students’ knowledge, self-efficacy, and skills performance
Kyeongmin Jang, Sung Hwan Kim, Ja Young Oh, Ji Yeon Mun BMC Nursing.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - The effectiveness of a career efficacy enhancement program for KOREAN nursing students: A quasi-experimental study
Young-Mi Jung, In-Young Yoo Nurse Education Today.2020; 89: 104423. CrossRef - A Comparison of Nursing Work Environment, Role Conflict, and Job Embeddedness of Nurses Working in Comprehensive Nursing Care Service Wards and General Wards in a Tertiary Hospital
Hye-Eun So, Jee-In Hwang Quality Improvement in Health Care.2020; 26(1): 11. CrossRef - Relation between Mother’s Taekyo, Prenatal and Postpartum Depression, and Infant’s Temperament and Colic: A Longitudinal Prospective Approach
Kyung-Sook Bang, Insook Lee, Sungjae Kim, Yunjeong Yi, Iksoo Huh, Sang-Youn Jang, Dasom Kim, Sujin Lee International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(20): 7691. CrossRef - Nursing students’ career identity, satisfaction with major, and career stress by career decision type
Young‐Mi Jung Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Subjective Happiness according to Temperament and Character Type of Nursing Students
EunJoo Kim, Geunmyun Kim Stress.2020; 28(2): 76. CrossRef - Effect of an emotion management programme for patients with schizophrenia: A quasi‐experimental design
Minju Cho, Sun Joo Jang International Journal of Mental Health Nursing.2019; 28(2): 592. CrossRef - Influence of Partnerships with Nurses and Social Support on Readiness for Discharge among Mothers of Premature Infants
Soyeon Yoon, Jeongok Park, Hyejung Lee, Ari Min Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(4): 417. CrossRef - The Effects of the 5-step Method for Infant Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training on Nursing Students' Knowledge, Attitude, and Performance Ability
Jin Young Kim, Hye Young Ahn Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(1): 17. CrossRef - The Influence of Stress and Role Conflict on Quality of Life among Graduate Students in Nursing
Yu-Jin Jeong, Eun Kyung Kim STRESS.2019; 27(4): 365. CrossRef - Family Characteristics, Family Support, Family Function and Compliance of Patient Role Behavior in Long-term Hemodialysis Patients
Sinhye Kang, Inja Kim The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2019; 22(1): 58. CrossRef - Utilizing Video vs Simulation Practice for Handoff Education of Nursing Students in Pediatric Nursing
Sun-Nam Park, Young Soon Im Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(1): 27. CrossRef - Educational Needs Analysis for Developing an Occupational Education Program for Nursing Students: Focusing on Nursing Students and Nursing Professionals
Young-Mi Jung Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2018; 30(2): 136. CrossRef - Comparison of analgesic efficacy of oxycodone and fentanyl after total hip replacement surgery
Mi Kyeong Kim, Sang Eun Ahn, Eunsil Shin, Sung Wook Park, Jeong-Hyun Choi, Hee Yong Kang Medicine.2018; 97(49): e13385. CrossRef - The Effect of a Teaching Model for Improving Undergraduate Nursing Students' Cultural Competency
Kyung Sook Choi, Woo Sook Lee, Yeon Suk Park, Myunghee Jun, So Young Lee, Yeonwoo Park, Soo Young Park, Zabler Bev Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2018; 24(1): 100. CrossRef - An Integrative Review of Korean Nursing Studies on Pediatric Tonsillectomy
Kyoung Eun Yu, Jin Sun Kim Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(4): 416. CrossRef - The Mediating Effect of Self-leadership in the Relationship between Career Decision Level and Career Preparation Behavior of Nursing Students
Mikyung Moon, Soyeon Kim Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2017; 42(2): 162. CrossRef - Factors Influencing Rehabilitation among Cancer Survivors
Jooyeon Park, Nahyun Kim Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2017; 29(5): 463. CrossRef - Health Promotion Behavior in Colorectal Cancer Patients and General Adults
Sunhee Hwang, Nami Chun Asian Oncology Nursing.2016; 16(2): 94. CrossRef - The Effect of A Salivation Stimulation Method on Xerostomia in Colon Cancer Patients after Surgery
Anna Kim, Jeong Sook Park Asian Oncology Nursing.2016; 16(2): 75. CrossRef - The relationship between sense of humor, stress and depression in the nursing students
Hae Jin Lee, Ye Jung Ko, Seung Woo Han Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society.2016; 27(4): 1035. CrossRef - Maternal Role Development in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Graduate Mothers of Premature Infant
Ah Rim Kim, Young Ran Tak Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2015; 21(4): 308. CrossRef
-
428
View
-
31
Download
-
60
Crossref
-
Impact of Nurse, Nurses' Aid Staffing and Turnover Rate on Inpatient Health Outcomes in Long Term Care Hospitals
-
Yunmi Kim, Ji Yun Lee, Hyuncheol Kang
-
J Korean Acad Nurs 2014;44(1):21-30. Published online February 28, 2014
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.1.21
-
-
Abstract
PDF
-
Purpose
This study was conducted to explore the impact of registered nurse/nurses' aid (RN/NA) staffing and turnover rate on inpatient health outcomes in long term care hospitals.
Methods
A secondary analysis was done of national data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Services including evaluation of long term care hospitals in October-December 2010 and hospital general characteristics in July-September 2010. Final analysis of data from 610 hospitals included RN/NA staffing, turnover rate of nursing staff and 5 patient health outcome indicators.
Results
Finding showed that, when variables of organization and community level were controlled, patients per RN was a significant indicator of decline in ADL for patients with dementia, and new pressure ulcer development in the high risk group and worsening of pressure ulcers. Patients per NA was a significant indicator for new pressure ulcer development in the low risk group. Turnover rate was not significant for any variable.
Conclusion
To maintain and improve patient health outcomes of ADL and pressure ulcers, policies should be developed to increase the staffing level of RN. Studies are also needed to examine causal relation of NA staffing level, RN staffing level and patient health outcomes with consideration of the details of nursing practice.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- The Experience of turnover to long-term care hospital nurse: A phenomenological qualitative research
Inhee Choo, Milim Cho, Eunha Kim Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2024; 26(4): 392. CrossRef - Physical Therapy Provider Continuity Predicts Functional Improvements in Inpatient Rehabilitation
Mitchell D. Adam, Debra K. Ness, John H. Hollman Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy.2023; 47(2): 91. CrossRef - The effect of the reformed nurse staffing policy on employment of nurses in Korea
Jinhyun Kim, Sungjae Kim, Eunhee Lee, Hyunjeong Kwon, Jayon Lee, Hyunji Bae Nursing Open.2021; 8(5): 2850. CrossRef - Nurses’ Clinical Work Experience during Pregnancy
Hyunjung Lee, Hyoung Eun Chang, Jiyeon Ha Healthcare.2020; 9(1): 16. CrossRef - Exploring Nurses' Perceptions of Nursing Home Care in South Korea: A Qualitative Study
Eunhee Cho, Hyejin Kim, Soo Jung Chang, Hyang Kim, Jeongah Kim Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2020; 22(2): 85. CrossRef - The Effects of Long-term Care Hospitals' Nurse Staffing Level on Patient Outcomes: Differences according to Region
Kyung Jin Hong Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2020; 26(4): 354. CrossRef - A Comparative Study on the Job Stress, Burnout and Nursing Performance of Nurses in Comprehensive Nursing Care Service Wards and Nurses in General Wards
Youn Sil Kim, Jung Ae Park, Eun Koung Seo Stress.2019; 27(1): 46. CrossRef - Experiences of Long-term Care Hospital Nurses Caring for Elders with Dementia
Eun Kyoung Suh, Hye Ryoung Kim Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2019; 21(2): 99. CrossRef - Longitudinal associations of nursing staff turnover with patient outcomes in long-term care hospitals in Korea
Yoonseo Kim, Kihye Han Journal of Nursing Management.2018; 26(5): 518. CrossRef - Influence of Nurses' Work Environment, Organizational Commitment, and Nursing Professionalism on Turnover Intention of Nurses in Long Term Care Hospitals
Hyun Suk Joo, Won Hee Jun Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2018; 24(4): 265. CrossRef - Importance, Performance and Rates of Nurse Performance of Nursing Interventions in Long-term Care Hospitals
Sunmi Kim, Seok Hee Jeong, Myung Ha Lee, Hyun Kyung Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2017; 23(4): 359. CrossRef - Comparative Analysis Research of Inpatient Satisfaction with Nursing on Comprehensive Nursing Service Units & General Units and Nurses' Work Stress
Su Mi Jung, Sook Hee Yoon Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2017; 23(3): 229. CrossRef - Delegation of Nursing Activities in Long-term Care Hospitals
Eun Ju Jang, Su Hyun Kim Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2017; 19(2): 101. CrossRef - Effects of Empathy and Attitude in Caring for Elders by Nurses in Geriatric Nursing Practice in Long-term Care Hospitals
Young Kyoung Kim, Suhye Kwon Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2017; 19(3): 203. CrossRef - Predictors of Turnover among New Nurses using Multilevel Survival Analysis
Suhee Kim, Kyongeun Lee Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2016; 46(5): 733. CrossRef - Factors Influencing Nurse Turnover Intention of Senior Convalescence Hospitals in the Metropolitan Area
Youn Sun Hwang, Eunyoung Cho Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2016; 25(3): 156. CrossRef - Nursing outcomes of inpatient on level of nursing staffing in long term care hospitals
Eun Hee Kim, Eunjoo Lee Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society.2015; 26(3): 715. CrossRef - The Effects of Emotional Labor and Job Involvement on Turnover Intention of Nurses in Long-term Care Hospitals
Su-Jeong Kang, Suhye Kwon Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2015; 24(4): 290. CrossRef
-
228
View
-
3
Download
-
18
Crossref
-
A Guide on the Use of Factor Analysis in the Assessment of Construct Validity
-
Hyuncheol Kang
-
J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(5):587-594. Published online October 31, 2013
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.5.587
-
-
Abstract
PDF
-
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to provide researchers with a simplified approach to undertaking exploratory factor analysis for the assessment of construct validity.
Methods
All articles published in 2010, 2011, and 2012 in Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing were reviewed and other relevant books and articles were chosen for the review.
Results
In this paper, the following were discussed: preliminary analysis process of exploratory factor analysis to examine the sample size, distribution of measured variables, correlation coefficient, and results of KMO measure and Bartlett's test of sphericity. In addition, other areas to be considered in using factor analysis are discussed, including determination of the number of factors, the choice of rotation method or extraction method of the factor structure, and the interpretation of the factor loadings and explained variance.
Conclusion
Content validity is the degree to which elements of an assessment instrument are relevant to and representative of the targeted construct for a particular assessment purpose. This measurement is difficult and challenging and takes a lot of time. Factor analysis is considered one of the strongest approaches to establishing construct validity and is the most commonly used method for establishing construct validity measured by an instrument.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
-
526
View
-
28
Download
-
197
Crossref
|