Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Hae Jung Lee

13 Articles

Influences of Oral Health Behaviors, Depression and Stress on Periodontal Disease in Pregnant Women: Hae-Jin Park, Hae Jung Lee, Soo Hyun Cho; J Korean Acad Nurs 2016;46(5):653-662. Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.5.653

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the influences of oral health behaviors, depression, and stress on periodontal disease in pregnant women.

Methods

The participants in this study were 129 pregnant women. Data were collected using questionnaires which included individual characteristics, oral health care behaviors, the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CES-D), a global measure of perceived stress, and pregnancy stress. A dentist measured periodontal probing depth and classified stages of periodontal disease according to the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression.

Results

Periodontal disease had significant correlations with oral health care behaviors (r=-.56, p <.001), perceived stress (r=.44 p <.001), pregnancy stress (r=.37 p <.001), diet (r=-.33, p <.001) and depression (r=.18 p =.046). Factors influencing periodontal disease for these pregnant women were being in the 2nd (β=.27, p <.001) or 3rd trimester (β=.45, p <.001), having a pregnancy induced disease (β=.20, p =.002), performing higher oral health behaviors (β=-.30, p <.001), and having higher perceived stress (β=.17, p =.028). The explanation power of this regression model was 61.6% (F=15.52, p <.001).

Conclusion

The findings of this study indicated that periodic assessment of periodontal disease is essential for pregnant women who are in 2nd or 3rd trimester and have pregnancy induced diseases. Enhancing oral health care behaviors and reducing perceived stress are indicated as effective strategies to reduce periodontal disease in pregnant women.

Citations

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Oral Health, Anxiety, Depression, and Stress in Pregnancy: A Rapid Review of Associations and Implications for Perinatal Care
Abiola A. Adeniyi, Swathi Ramachandran, Cecilia Marie Jevitt
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2024; 22(1): 32. CrossRef
Effects of depression and stress on oral self‐care among perinatal women in Appalachia: A longitudinal study
Jeongwi An, Christa Lilly, John R. Shaffer, Betsy Foxman, Mary L. Marazita, Daniel W. McNeil
Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology.2024; 52(6): 871. CrossRef
Dental caries and depression in pregnant women: The role of oral health self‐perception as mediator
Mariana G. Cademartori, Flavio F. Demarco, Mariangela Freitas da Silveira, Fernando C. Barros, Marcos B. Corrêa
Oral Diseases.2022; 28(6): 1733. CrossRef
Comparison of Diagnosed Depression and Self-Reported Depression Symptom as a Risk Factor of Periodontitis: Analysis of 2016–2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data
Seon-Rye Kim, Seoul-Hee Nam
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(3): 871. CrossRef
Factors Related to Maternal Oral Health Status: Focus on Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women
Eun Gyeong Kim, Sook Kyoung Park, Ju-Hee Nho
Healthcare.2021; 9(6): 708. CrossRef
Factors contributing to unmet needs for dental health care in adult population of Serbia
Milica Veličković, Snežana Radovanović, Vesna Dimitrijević, Danijela Gračić, Sanja Krulj, Jasna Milosavljević, Tanja Milićević, Ana Marinković, Tatjana Kanjevac
Zdravstvena zastita.2020; 49(1): 1. CrossRef
The Impact of Oral Health on Work Performance of Japanese Workers
Takashi Zaitsu, Tomoya Saito, Akiko Oshiro, Takeo Fujiwara, Yoko Kawaguchi
Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2020; 62(2): e59. CrossRef
Predictive Model of Clinical Attachment Loss and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life through Depressive Symptomatology, Oral Hygiene Habits, and Proinflammatory Biomarkers: A Pilot Study
Norma Idalia Rodríguez Franco, José Moral de la Rubia, Andrea Guadalupe Alcázar Pizaña
Dentistry Journal.2020; 8(1): 20. CrossRef
Stress, allostatic load, and periodontal diseases
Wael Sabbah, Noha Gomaa, Aswathikutty Gireesh
Periodontology 2000.2018; 78(1): 154. CrossRef
Comparison of Effects of Oral Health Program and Walking Exercise Program on Health Outcomes for Pregnant Women
Hae-jin Park, Haejung Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2018; 48(5): 506. CrossRef
Periodontal Disease and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in Pregnant Women
Hae-jin Park, Haejung Lee, Soohyun Cho
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2016; 22(4): 191. CrossRef

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The Effects of Problem Solving Nursing Counseling and Intensified Walking Exercise on Diabetic Self-care, Coping Strategies, and Glycemic Control among Clients with DM Type II: Hae Jung Lee, Kyung Yeon Park, Hyeong Sook Park, In Joo Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(7):1314-1324. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.7.1314

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to identify the effects of problem solving nursing counseling and intensified walking exercise on diabetic self-care, coping strategies, and glycemic control among older adults with DM type II.

Methods

Ninety nine DM patients who were older than 50 were recruited from DM clinics or public health centers and conveniently assigned into three groups: the Polar(n=41), counseling(n=30) and control groups (n=28). Participants in both Polar and counseling groups attended weekly problem solving nursing counseling for 12 weeks. Polar heart rate monitors were used in the Polar group to intensify walking exercise. Data was collected from November 2003 to August 2004 and analyzed by ANOVA or ANCOVA using the SPSS WIN program.

Results

After a 12 week intervention, participants in both the Polar and counseling groups reported increased diabetic self care behaviors and decreased blood glucose levels, which is significantly different from those in the control group. There were no distinctively different program effects between the Polar and counseling groups.

Conclusion

Based on the findings, we concluded that problem solving counseling alone could have positive effects on diabetic self care and glycemic controls for older adults with DM. Future research is needed to identify long-term effects of the program.

Citations

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Social Network Analysis of Self‐Management Behavior Among Older Adults With Diabetes
Geumbo Ko, Youngshin Song
Public Health Nursing.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Research Review: Effective of Self-Management Education in Diabetes Patients
Eun Chong Shin
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2016; 17(3): 185. CrossRef
Development and Effects of a Motivational Interviewing Self-management Program for Elderly Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Hye-Yeon Kang, Mee Ock Gu
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2015; 45(4): 533. CrossRef
Analysis of Reported Study on Intervention Programs for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Gab-Sun Song, Ho-Jin Kim, Jum-Yi Jun
Journal of Digital Convergence.2015; 13(9): 541. CrossRef
The Effect of the Experience of Diabetes Education on Knowledge, Self-Care Behavior and Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Seung Hei Moon, Young Whee Lee, Ok-Kyung Ham, Soo-Hyun Kim
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2014; 20(1): 81. CrossRef
The Influence of Health Literacy and Diabetes Knowledge on Diabetes Self-care Activities in Korean Low-income Elders with Diabetes
Jihye Jeong, Namhee Park, So Young Shin
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2014; 25(3): 217. CrossRef
Qualitative Research Investigating Patterns of Health Care Behavior among Korean Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B
Jin-Hyang Yang, Myung-Ok Cho, Hae-Ok Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(6): 805. CrossRef
The Effects of Tailored Diabetes Education on Blood Glucose Control and Self-Care
Kyung Sun Hyun, Kwang Mi Kim, Sook Hee Jang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(5): 720. CrossRef
Self-care, Self-efficacy, and Glycemic Control of Koreans With Diabetes Mellitus
Haejung Lee, Sukhee Ahn, Yongsuk Kim
Asian Nursing Research.2009; 3(3): 139. CrossRef

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Body Weight, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Self-Efficacy of Diabetic Control among Obese Type II Diabetic Patients: Hae Jung Lee, Kyung Yeon Park; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(5):787-797. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.5.787

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of problem solving nursing counseling and walking exerciseon weight loss, cardiovascular risk factors, and self-efficacy of diabetic control among obese diabetic patients. The Polar heart rate monitor was used for walking exercise to utilize the Biofeedback mechanism.

Method

Fifty nine diabetic patients were conveniently placed into experimental (n=35) and control groups (n=24). The experimental group participated inweekly nursing counseling for 12 weeks and was encouraged to do walking exercise using a Polar monitor. The control group remained in the same treatment as before. The data wascollected from November 2003 to August 2004 and analyzed using t-tests and ANCOVAs.

Results

After 12 weeks, the participants in the experimental group reported significantly decreased body weight (p=.004) and total scores on theParma scale (p=.001). While the participants in the control group reported significantly increased levels of blood triglyceride (p=.046) and HDL (p=.018).

Conclusion

Based on the findings, we concluded that problem focused nursing counseling with intensified walking exercise could reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications and body weight among obese diabetic patients. Future research to explore the long-term effects of nursing counseling on diabetic complications is warranted.

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Effects of e-health literacy on health-related quality of life in young adults with type 2 diabetes: Parallel mediation of diabetes self-efficacy and self-care behaviors
Yura Jang, Youngran Yang
Applied Nursing Research.2025; 82: 151917. CrossRef
Automated Personalized Self-care Program for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Trial
Gaeun Park, Haejung Lee, Yoonju Lee, Myoung Soo Kim, Sunyoung Jung, Ah Reum Khang, Dongwon Yi
Asian Nursing Research.2024; 18(2): 114. CrossRef
Using herbal medicine (Cheong-Yeol Sodang-decoction) for fasting blood glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes mellitus: a retrospective chart review
Seonmi Shin, Yujin Choi, Heung Ko, Yeongmi Cho
Integrative Medicine Research.2020; 9(4): 100413. CrossRef
Study on antioxidative, antidiabetic and antiobesity activity of solvent fractions ofsmilax chinaL. leaf extract
Yun Hwan Kang, Young-Sil Lee, Kyoung Kon Kim, Dae Jung Kim, Tae Woo Kim, Myeon Choe
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2013; 46(5): 401. CrossRef

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Self Care Activity, Metabolic Control, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in accordance with the Levels of Depression of Clients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Hae Jung Lee, Kyung Yeon Park, Hyeong Sook Park; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2005;35(2):283-291. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2005.35.2.283

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the levels of depression experienced by clients (N=152) with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(DM), and to compare the levels of self care activity, metabolic control and cardiovascular risk factors between depressed and non-depressed clients.

Method

Participants aged 50 and above were conveniently recruited in B city. The levels of depression, self-care activity, metabolic control of glucose and lipids, and cardiovascular risk factors of the participants were measured by using questionnaires and blood tests from November, 2003 to June, 2004. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, Spearman rho and t-test using the SPSS WIN 10.0 program.

Result

The prevalence of depression(CES-D=16) among the participants was 44.1%. The levels of self-care activities(p=.012), glucose(p=.019), total cholesterol(p=.022), LDL(.007) and cardiovascular risk factors(p=.012) were significantly higher in the depressed group than those in the non-depressed group.

Conclusion

Based on the findings, we concluded that many DM patients experience depression and the depression of type 2 DM clients is significantly related with self care activities, diabetic control, and cardiovascular complications. However, this study did not address causality among these variables. Therefore, further research, such as a longitudinal cohort study, is needed to identify causality among these variables.

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The Development of Automated Personalized Self-Care (APSC) Program for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Gaeun Park, Haejung Lee, Ah Reum Khang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2022; 52(5): 535. CrossRef
Self-care and related factors in patients with type II diabetes in Iran
Nazi Nejat, Ali Khan Mohamadi Hezave, Seyed Mohammad Aghae Pour, Korosh Rezaei, Azam Moslemi, Fatemeh Mehrabi
Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders.2021; 20(1): 635. CrossRef
The role of psychological insulin resistance in diabetes self‐care management
Ancho Lim, Youngshin Song
Nursing Open.2020; 7(3): 887. CrossRef
The Comparison of Health Status and Health Behavior among Hypertension Group, DM Group, and Hypertension DM Group for the Aged Provided with Customized Home Care Service by Visiting Nurses
Hee Kyoung Hyoung, Hyo-Soon Jang
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2011; 22(1): 11. CrossRef
Effects of a Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Intervention With Psychobehavioral Strategies for Korean Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome
Chun-Ja Kim, Dae-Jung Kim, Hyung-Ran Park
Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing.2011; 26(2): 117. CrossRef
The Effects of Regular Walking Exercise on Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Depressive Symptoms in the Elderly with Diabetic Mellitus
Ki-Wol Sung, Ji-Hyun Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2010; 21(4): 409. CrossRef
The Mediating Effect of Depression in the Relationship between Muscle Strength of Extremities and Falls among Community-Dwelling Elderly
Hyoung-Sook Park, Kyung-Yeon Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2008; 38(5): 730. CrossRef

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The Effect of Problem Solving Group Counseling on the Index of Obesity and Health Habits of Obese Children: Mee Young Cho, Hae Jung Lee, Hwa Ja Lee, Hyoung Sook Park; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(7):1224-1233. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.7.1224

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was to investigate the effects of problem solving group counseling on the index of obesity and health habits for obese children.

Method

Forty seven obese children participated in the study(Exp.=22, Cont.=25). Children were recruited from the forth and fifth grade withhigher than 20% of the obesity degree. The problem solving counseling lasted for 10 weeks. In order to evaluate the effects of counseling, physical characteristics and health habits were measured three times; pretest, posttest, and at 10 weeks follow-up. The obtained data was analyzed by χ²-squared-test, t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA, using the SPSS WIN 10.0program.

Result

Problem solving group counseling was effective on the physical characteristics(BMI, obesity degree, body fat ratio, waist measurement) and health habits over time. Children in the experimental group controlled their body weight better and reported lower scores in the index of obesity than children in the control group at 10 weeks follow-up.

Conclusion

This counseling program helped obese children modify their health habits so that they could decrease their scores in the obesity index. It can be concluded that problem-solving counseling enhanced problem-solving abilities of obese children, which could help modify their ordinary health habits.

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Problem Solving Therapy for Depressed Patients
Jung Yun Baek
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2021; 22(2): 147. CrossRef
Use of Beauty Products and their Consumption: A Behavioral Research in the Higher Grades of Elementary schools
Keejung Barng, Youn Kim
Fashion business.2016; 20(4): 172. CrossRef
Effects of Lifestyle Modification Program on Body Composition, Metabolic Syndrome Markers, and Depression in Obese Postmenopausal Women
Nam Hee Park
Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2013; 27(2): 313. CrossRef

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Factors Influencing on the Compliance of Breast Self-Examination of Nurses in a Local Area: Eun Kyeung Kim, Hae Jung Lee, Suk Hee Ahn, Eun Soon Chung; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(7):1047-1056. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.7.1047

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the influencing factors on the compliance of breast self-examination (BSE) among nurses who work at three general hospitals in Kyung-Nam areas.

Method

258 hospital nurses were included in the study. Data were collected using structured self-administered questionnaires and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, x² test and logistic regression analysis.

Result

Nurses reported medium levels of knowledge, self efficacy and health believes about breast cancer and BSE, and 26% of the nurses performed the BSE at least once during the last 6 months. Compliers of BSE perceived significantly higher levels of self-efficacy, susceptability and health motivation, and lower level of barrier compared to non-compliers. Significant influencing factors on BSE compliance were ‘experience of getting recommendation for breast self-examination’, ‘susceptibility’, ‘barrier’, and ‘self-efficacy’ and those variables explained 22.5% of variance in compliance of BSE.

Conclusion

Nurses, who must play as a role model for health promoting behaviors, did not have enough knowledge of breast cancer and BSE. Also, their performance rate of BSE was quite low. Thus, it is essential to provide an educational program for breast cancer and BSE to nurses in order to enhance nurses' performance rate of BSE.

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Intrinsic Motivation Factors Based on the Self-Determinant Theory for Regular Breast Cancer Screening
Su Mi Jung, Heui-Sug Jo
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2015; 15(23): 10101. CrossRef
Effects of breast health education conducted by trained breast cancer survivors
Myungsun Yi, Eun Young Park
Journal of Advanced Nursing.2012; 68(5): 1100. CrossRef
Predictors of Compliance in Hypertensive Patients
Eun Sil Min, Myung-Haeng Hur
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2012; 19(4): 474. CrossRef
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Obstetric Nurses in Relation to Breast Cancer and Breast Self-examination
Miok Kim, Youngmi Park
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2011; 17(1): 88. CrossRef
The Comparison of Factors related to Performance of Breast Self-examination by Age Group in the Middle and Mature Aged Woman
Kyung-Yeon Park, So Hee Kim
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2010; 16(1): 37. CrossRef
Factors Affecting Periodic Screening Behaviors for Breast Cancer among Hospital Nurses
Suk Ok Lee, Eun Soon Sim, Sukhee Ahn
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2010; 16(4): 390. CrossRef

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Predictors of Depression among Family Caregivers of Older Adults with Dementia: Hae Jung Lee, Young Sook Kim, Ki Ryeon Kim, Ju Sung Kim, Ji Min Seo; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(7):936-944. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.7.936

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was to identify important predictors of depression among characteristics of caregiving situation and utilized resources in order to provide basic information for effective nursing interventions to reduce depression experienced by family caregivers of older adults with dementia.

Method

Seventy one family caregivers were identified from community service centers and face-to-face interviewed using structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression using SPSS WIN 10.0 program.

Result

Family caregivers reported high levels of depression, moderate levels of social support, and moderate utilization of coping strategies. Female caregivers who (β=.22) utilized ‘negative’ coping strategies more often (β=.48) and ‘cognitive reconstructuring’ coping strategies less often (β=-.23) were more likely to report higher depression (R²=0.63).

Conclusion

Nursing interventions increasing family caregivers' utilization of positive coping strategies such as problem solving, existential growth, and help seeking and decreasing their utilization of negative coping strategies such as self-blaming are needed to decrease their depression levels.

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Effects of a Problem-Solving Program on Problem-Solving Ability, Self-Esteem, and Depression for Middle School Girls
Hwa-Yoon Um, Haejung Lee, Yeonjung Lim
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2010; 19(3): 318. CrossRef
Comparison in Care Burden, Fatigue, and Life Contentment of Caregivers by Gender Relationship with Demented Elders
Young Whee Lee, In Sook Cho, Hwa Soon Kim
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2009; 15(3): 196. CrossRef
Family Caregiver Burden by Relationship to Care Recipient with Dementia in Korea
Gwi-Ryung Son Hong, Hyojeong Kim
Geriatric Nursing.2008; 29(4): 267. CrossRef

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The Role of Social Support in the Relationship between Stress and Depression among Family Caregivers of Older Adults with Dementia: Hae Jung Lee, Ji Min Seo, Suk Hee Ahn; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2003;33(6):713-721. Published online March 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.6.713

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was to determine the mediator or moderator role of social support in the relationship between stress and depression among family caregivers of older adults with dementia.

Method

Sixty nine family caregivers were randomly selected from health care centers in P city and a face-to-face interview was conducted using questionnaires from January to May of 2002. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression using SPSS program.

Result

Family caregivers of older adults with higher dependency in ADLs and higher problematic behaviors, provided care to the older adults for a longer period of time, and perceived less social support reported higher depression. Social support showed mediating effects between stress and depression, while did not show moderating effects. Elderly dependency on ADLs and caregiving duration decreased perceived social support and decreased social support increased depression.

Conclusion

To increase family and social support to the caregivers of more functionally impaired elderly, family education to increase emotional support and physical assistance to the caregivers and broader and flexible application of social support such as increasing accessibility to the elderly daycare service with lower price may prove beneficial.

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Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(20): 6468. CrossRef
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Overcoming Experiences of Family Members Caring for Elderly Patients with Dementia at Home
Mi Ra Sung, Myungsun Yi, Dong Young Lee, Hye Young Jang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(3): 389. CrossRef
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The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2013; 24(1): 37. CrossRef
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Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2011; 17(3): 285. CrossRef

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Factors Discriminating Nurses' Depression among Personal and Environmental Characteristics: Hae Jung Lee, Yong Sook Eo, Nam Hee Park, Gil Za Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(6):867-877. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2002.32.6.867

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the levels of depression experienced by Korean hospital nurses (N=198) and to identify discriminating factors of their depression experience among personal and environmental characteristics. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey design was used to answer the research questions. A sample consisted of 198 hospital nurses in Korea. The data were collected from May 1999 to March 2000. Descriptive and discriminant analyses were utilized. RESULT: Korean nurses experienced low levels of depression. Twenty nine percent of nurses in the study experienced depression based on the cut-point suggested by Radloff. Role ambiguity, working in the tertiary hospital, work satisfaction in autonomy, professional status and interaction within nurses were significant discriminating factors for nurses' depression. These factors correctly discriminated 71% of the sample (Hit ratio= .71). CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, developing managemental intervention programs and examining the effects of the program for nurses to reduce their depression experience are suggested.

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Hyunkyung Lee, Minsung Sohn, Mankyu Choi
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2013; 30(5): 125. CrossRef
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Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2013; 14(8): 3794. CrossRef

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Predictors of Job Performance, Work Satisfaction, and Productivity among Korean Hospital Nurses: Hae Jung Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2001;31(4):571-583. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2001.31.4.571

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the levels of burnout experienced by Korean hospital nurses (N=198), and to identify predictors of their nursing outcomes such as job performance, work satisfaction, and productivity. METHOD: Hierarchical multiple regression was used to identify predictors of each nursing outcomes. Included predictors were nurses' general characteristics, work- related characteristics (role stress and perceived control), and burnout. Results: Korean nurses experienced higher levels of burnout compared to the cutoffs suggested by Maslach and Jackson (1986) and to those in the USA. For each nursing outcome, predictor variables explained 39% of the variance in role performance, 30% of the variance in work satisfaction, and 38% of variance in productivity. Higher personal accomplishment, lower role ambiguity, being staff nurses, and lower emotional exhaustion were related to higher job performance, and higher productivity. Lower role conflict and role ambiguity were also related to higher work satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, managemental interventions for nurses to reduce their burnout experience are needed. Further study in this area is warranted.

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Coping Strategies Utilized in the Caregiving Situation and Predictors of Health Responses among Informal Caregivers of Older Adults: Hae Jung Lee, Rha Yun Song; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(4):893-904. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.4.893

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The sample of this study consisted of 140 informal caregivers who provided care to the older adults(over 60 years of age) in Great Cleveland, USA. Self-rated questionnaires were utilized to collect information. The purpose of the study was to identify coping strategies most frequently utilized by informal caregivers of older adults and to examine predictors of the caregivers' health responses to the caregiving situation applying Lazarus and Folkman stress model(1984). Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify significant predictors among caregivers' demographic-socio-economic factors, older adult's dependency of activities of daily living(ADLs), caregiver's appraisal to the caregiving situation, and coping strategies. Informal caregivers (N=140) included in the study utilized help-seeking and problem-solving coping strategies more than self-blame and minimization of threat coping strategies. Caregivers' responses to the caregiving situation were observed by caregivers' perceived physical health, depression and life satisfaction. For perceived physical health, threat appraisal, older adult's dependency on ADLs, existential growth coping strategy, and monthly income accounted for 25% of the variance. Caregivers who appraised the caregiving situation as more threatening, reported higher dependency on ADLs, used more existential growth coping strategy, and had higher monthly income reported better physical health. For depression, threat appraisal, stress appraisal, existential growth coping strategy, self-blame coping strategy, and monthly income accounted for 48% of the variance. Caregivers who used more existential growth coping and less self-blame coping, appraised the situation as less threatening, less stressful, and had higher monthly income reported less depression. For life satisfaction, self-blame coping, existential growth coping, monthly income, stress appraisal accounted for 49% of the variance. Caregivers who used more existential growth coping, less self-blame coping, less stress appraisal, lower monthly income reported better life satisfaction. In conclusion, informal caregivers in this study utilized positive coping strategies such as problem-focused, existential growth, help-seeking, rather than negative coping strategies including self-blame. When they utilized positive coping strategies more often, caregivers experienced higher perceived physical health, higher life satisfaction and lower depression. Therefore, nursing intervention which utilized positive coping strategies is needed to enhance informal caregivers to have positive health responses to the caregiving demands.

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Effects of the Inpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation Program on Behavioral Modification and Quality of Life in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: Rha Yun Song, Hae Jung Lee; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2000;30(2):463-475. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2000.30.2.463

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The purpose of the study was to identify the effects of inpatient cardiac rehabilitation programs on motivation, the performance of health behavior, and quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease. The subjects consisted of 31 patients who participated in the rehabilitation program during their hospital stay, and were compared with 34 patients who did not participate. The study results are as follows: 1. The mean of cardiac risk factor scores for the subjects was 22.5 (SD = 5.5) at the level of low to moderate risk with some possibility to improve. The physiological and behavioral risk factors for the subjects were also in the normal range or slightly above the normal range. 2. The motivation level to preform health behaviors for both groups was improved after discharge. Also, perceived self-efficacy was significantly higher for the program participants than for the comparison group at the post-test. 3. The performance of cardiac related health behaviors improved for both groups after discharge, but there were no significant differences between the two groups. The program participants reported better performance in most health behaviors at the post-test, but the results failed to reach a statistical significant level. 4. As for motivation and health behavior, the subjects in the both groups showed an improved quality of life after the discharge. In addition, the program participants produced significantly higher scores in health and functioning dimension than the comparison group during the post-test. In conclusion, the study partially supported the effects of the inpatient cardiac rehabilitation program to motivate and improve the quality of life, and provide the need to apply early rehabilitation interventions for the patients after cardiac events. Further study with a longitudinal design is also suggested to verify the effect of cardiac rehabilitation program from hospitalization to discharge and subsequently to fully recover to the level of pre-hospitalized state.

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Empathy In Informal Caregiving: Extension of A Concept from Professional Practice: Hae Jung Lee, Patricia F Brennan; Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 1999;29(5):1123-1133. Published online March 29, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.5.1123

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The concept of empathy was examined in the professional caregiving relationship and its application was extended to the context of informal caregiving. Using the Lazarus and Folkman model. the influence of empathy on the caregiver's experience in the caregiving relationship was illustrated. The effects of the caregiver's empathy on his/her own caregiving outcomes were investigated by examining the relationship between empathy and burnout experience and life satisfaction. Empathy increased emotional exhaustion while increased personal accomplishment and personalization. indicating conflicting relationship between empathy and burnout. This conflict relationship between empathy and burnout can be explained by suggesting the distinct roles of two dimensions of empathy: emotional and caregiving context and to examine the definite roles of two dimensions of empathy were suggested.

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