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Formative versus reflective measurement models in nursing research: a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional study in Korea
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Eun Seo Park, Young Il Cho, Hyo Jin Kim, YeoJin Im, Dong Hee Kim
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J Korean Acad Nurs 2025;55(1):107-118. Published online February 19, 2025
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.24095
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 Abstract
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- Purpose
This study aimed to empirically verify the impact of measurement model selection on research outcomes and their interpretation through an analysis of children’s emotional and social problems measured by the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) using both reflective and formative measurement models. These models were represented by covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) and partial least squares SEM (PLS-SEM), respectively.
Methods
This secondary data analysis evaluated children’s emotional and social problems as both reflective and formative constructs. Reflective models were analyzed using CB-SEM, while formative models were assessed using PLS-SEM. Comparisons between these two approaches were based on model fit and parameter estimates.
Results
In the CB-SEM analysis, which assumed a reflective measurement model, a model was not identified due to inadequate fit indices and a Heywood case, indicating improper model specification. In contrast, the PLS-SEM analysis, assuming a formative measurement model, demonstrated adequate reliability and validity with significant path coefficients, supporting the appropriateness of the formative model for the PSC.
Conclusion
The findings indicate that the PSC is more appropriately analyzed as a formative measurement model using PLS-SEM, rather than as a reflective model using CB-SEM. This study highlights the necessity of selecting an appropriate measurement model based on the theoretical and empirical characteristics of constructs in nursing research. Future research should ensure that the nature of measurement variables is accurately reflected in the choice of statistical models to improve the validity of research outcomes.
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Validity and Reliability of Korean Version of the Family Management Measure (Korean FaMM) for Families with Children having Chronic Illness
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Dong Hee Kim, Yeo Jin Im
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J Korean Acad Nurs 2013;43(1):123-132. Published online February 28, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.1.123
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Abstract
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Purpose
To develop and test the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Family Management Measure (Korean FaMM) to assess applicability for families with children having chronic illnesses.
Methods
The Korean FaMM was articulated through forward-backward translation methods. Internal consistency reliability, construct and criterion validity were calculated using PASW WIN (19.0) and AMOS (20.0). Survey data were collected from 341 mothers of children suffering from chronic disease enrolled in a university hospital in Seoul, South Korea.
Results
The Korean version of FaMM showed reliable internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha for the total scale of .69-.91. Factor loadings of the 53 items on the six sub-scales ranged from 0.28-0.84. The model of six subscales for the Korean FaMM was validated by expiratory and confirmatory factor analysis (χ2<.001, RMR<.05, GFI, AGFI, NFI, NNFI>.08). Criterion validity compared to the Parental Stress Index (PSI) showed significant correlation.
Conclusion
The findings of this study demonstrate that the Korean FaMM showed satisfactory construct and criterion validity and reliability. It is useful to measure Korean family's management style with their children who have a chronic illness.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - Family management structural model for children with atopic dermatitis
Sunyeob Choi, Hyewon Shin
Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2024; 77: e401. CrossRef - Perception of precocious puberty among school-aged children in South Korea with the experience of treatment for precocious puberty: a Q methodological approach
Sun Jung Park, Hye Ri Nam, Eun Ju Choi
Child Health Nursing Research.2023; 29(3): 195. CrossRef - Nursing Interventions for Children with Atopic Dermatitis and Their Families
Bomi Kim, Sunyeob Choi
MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Developing a culturally appropriate version of family management measure in Taiwan: a cognitive interviewing study
Chia-Hsuan Lin, Fan-Hao Chou
Journal of Family Studies.2023; 29(1): 28. CrossRef - Family Management Style and Psychosocial Health of Children with Chronic Conditions
YeoJin Im, Dong Hee Kim
Journal of Child and Family Studies.2021; 30(2): 483. CrossRef - Actor and partner effects of parenting stress and co-parenting on marital conflict among parents of children with atopic dermatitis
Jeong Won Han, Hanna Lee
BMC Pediatrics.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Family functioning according to clusters of family management styles in Korean families of children with chronic atopic disease: A cross-sectional study
YeoJin Im, Sunyoung Jung
International Journal of Nursing Studies.2020; 109: 103674. CrossRef - Mothers' Experiences of Caring for Children with Precocious Puberty: A Q-Methodological Approach
Hye Jin Lee, Mi-Ae You
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2020; 50(2): 255. CrossRef - mHealth Family Adaptation Intervention for Families of Young Children with Down Syndrome: A Feasibility Study
Hyunkyung Choi, Marcia Van Riper
Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2020; 50: e69. CrossRef - The Family Management of Childhood Chronic Conditions: Measurement in a Turkish Sample
Ayse Ergun, Fatma Nevin Sisman, Saime Erol, Kamer Gur, Nurcan Kolac, Hasibe Kadioglu
Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2019; 47: e16. CrossRef - Family Management Style as a Mediator between Parenting Stress and Quality of Life of Children with Epilepsy
YeoJin Im, YoungIl Cho, DongHee Kim
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Barbara L. Beacham, Janet A. Deatrick
Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2019; 45: 26. CrossRef - Effects of the Mother-Medical Staff Partnership on Mothers’ Condition Management Ability for Children with Chronic Allergic Diseases
Hae Kyoung Son, Hyo Bin Song, Dong Hee Kim
Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(1): 101. CrossRef - Family management of childhood atopic dermatitis
Hae Kyoung Son, Dong Hee Kim, Hyejung Lee, Heejung Kim, Kyongmee Chung, Hee‐Soon Kim
Journal of Advanced Nursing.2018; 74(6): 1371. CrossRef - Self-Management Experiences of the Adolescents with Chronic Kidney Disease
Sug Young Lee, Heesun Shin
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Regina Szylit Bousso, Carolliny Rossi de Faria Ichikawa, Maira Deguer Misko, Maiara Rodrigues dos Santos, Michelle Freire Baliza, Ana Márcia Chiaradia Mendes-Castillo, Estela Regina Ferraz Bianchi
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Hae Kyoung Son, Hee-Soon Kim
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Yunmi Lee, Jina Oh
Asian Nursing Research.2015; 9(3): 185. CrossRef - The influence of family management style on psychosocial problems of childhood cancer survivors in Korea
Dong Hee Kim, Yeo Jin Im
European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2015; 19(2): 107. CrossRef
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Development of a Questionnaire to Measure Resilience in Children with Chronic Diseases
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Dong Hee Kim, Il Young Yoo
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J Korean Acad Nurs 2010;40(2):236-246. Published online April 30, 2010
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.2.236
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Abstract
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Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a Korean questionnaire to measure resilience in children with chronic illness.
Methods
Item construction was drawn from an extensive review of the literature, existing questionnaires and interviews with parents. Content validity was tested by experts. To further refine the questionnaire and test its reliability and validity, data were collected from the 202 children with asthma, diabetes mellitus or nephrotic syndrome. Corrected items were used to total correlation coefficient and test-retest reliability. Questionnaire testing was conducted using factor analysis, Cronbach's α, and correlation coefficients. Validity of the questionnaire was tested using internal consistency, construct validity, and criterion-related validity.
Results
Components of the questionnaire were in three domains; interpersonal characteristics, characteristics of coping, and intrapersonal characteristics. Factor analysis is showed five factors; positive self-understanding, self-reliance, resourcefulness, perception of positive family relationships, and intimacy. The questionnaire showed a high internal consistency. A significant positive correlation with the Numerical Rating Score and negative correlation with the Child Depression Inventory support the validity of the questionnaire.
Conclusion
This instrument demonstrated high reliability and validity. Therefore, this instrument can contribute to the evaluation of resilience of chronically ill children and to any subsequent intervention as well as to develop a theory for resilience.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by - Development and Validation of the Resilience Scale for Kidney Transplantation (RS-KTPL)
Mi Ha Chung, Hyojung Park
Asian Nursing Research.2024; 18(2): 167. CrossRef - A disease‐targeted picture book for children with Henoch‐Schonlein purpura nephritis: A quasi‐experimental study
Yao Tang, Weiti Chen, Jingping Li, Yuqian Deng, Shibo Liu, Xia Zhou, Jianhui Xie, Chaohong Zhan, Xianhong Li
Journal of Renal Care.2023; 49(4): 243. CrossRef - Defining and Measuring Resilience in Children with a Chronic Disease: a Scoping Review
Sabine E. I. van der Laan, Emma E. Berkelbach van der Sprenkel, Virissa C. Lenters, Catrin Finkenauer, Cornelis K. van der Ent, Sanne L. Nijhof
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Yoshie Shimizu, Takanori Imai, Tsutomu Matsumoto, Kazuo Nonomura, Taro Kamiya, Yuki Okada, Aiko Honda
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Hae Kyoung Son, Hyo Bin Song, Dong Hee Kim
Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(1): 101. CrossRef - Association of Resilience and Depression with Self-care Competence in Adult Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Youngrye Park, Eun Hee Jang, Ji Ok Kim
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2018; 30(5): 555. CrossRef - Development of Resilience Scale for Nurses
Mi Mi Park, Jee-Won Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2016; 23(1): 32. CrossRef - Health Impaired Children's Participation Experience of Hospital School Programs as Perceived by Mothers
Hyun Jung Yun
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Sung Sil Hong, Ho Ran Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2015; 45(4): 595. CrossRef - Resilience as a protective factor for the behavioral problems in school-aged children with atopic dermatitis
Dong Hee Kim, Yeo Jin Im
Journal of Child Health Care.2014; 18(1): 47. CrossRef - Predictors of Resilience in Adolescents with Cancer.
Young Ok Park, Gwi Ryung Son Hong, Young Ran Tak
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Yeo Jin Im, Dong Hee Kim
Journal of Clinical Nursing.2012; 21(1-2): 80. CrossRef - Relationship among Perception of Parenting Attitude, Behavior Problems and Resilience of School Age Children
Hyun-Jung Yun, Il-Young Yoo, Eui-Geum Oh
Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2011; 17(3): 174. CrossRef
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244
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Relationship between Depression and Resilience among Children with Nephrotic Syndrome
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Dong Hee Kim, Il Young Yoo
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2004;34(3):534-540. Published online March 28, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.3.534
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Abstract
PDF
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Purpose
The purposes of this study were to describe the relationship between depression and resilience and to identify variables associated with depression among children with nephrotic syndrome.
Method
Data was collected from 45 children who were registered at one hospital in Seoul. The criteria for sample selection were 10 to 15 year-old children who were diagnosed at least 6 month prior. The instruments included a self-reported questionnaire on resilience by Kim, CDI by Beck, and MBRI by Kwak. Descriptive, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses were done.
Result
The mean score of depression was 11.44 (range:0-54) and resilience was 97.47 (range:32-128). There were significant positive relationships between depression and age (r=0.302, p<.005) and academic achievement (r=-0.318, p<.005). In addition, negative relationships between depression and maternal attitude (r=-0.412, p<.001) and resilience (r=-0.649, p<.001) occurred. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that maternal behavior (β=-0.421, p<.005) and resilience (β=-0.639, p<.001) were related to depression.
Conclusion
Children with higher resilience and with an affectionate mother were less depressed. Thus, it is important to identify strengths of children and help them to increase resilience and implement parenting and counseling programs for parents' of these children. Similar studies with children with other chronic illnesses are needed.
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Citations
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Hisashi Mitsuishi, Shintaro Endo, Takayuki Ishiwata, Kazuo Oishi
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